1 Los verbos JUICY An overview of stem-changing and irregular verbs in the preterite past tense

2 The preterite past tense in Spanish is made up of different categories of verbs:Verbs that have regular past tense endings Verbs that have regular past tense endings but get a spelling change Verbs are irregular in their spelling and their endings

3 Review of REGULAR preterite verbs:-ar verb endings: yo -é nosotros/as -amos tú -aste vosotros/as -asteis ud/él/ella -ó uds/ellos/as -aron -er/ir verb endings: yo -í nosotros/as -imos tú -iste vosotros/as -isteis ud/él/ella -ió uds/ellos/as -ieron

4 Conjugate the following verbs in the preterite.Ayer, nosotros __________ (correr) en el parque. Ellos ___________ (mirar) una película anteayer. Una vez yo ___________ (viajar) a Miami. Nosotros ___________ (pasar) tres días en Costa Rica. ¿___________ (recibir) tú un regalo? Yo ___________ (vender) mi coche el año pasado. Marta ___________ (escribir) una carta. Miguel ___________ (comprar) la leche y el pan. Tú ____________ (hablar) con Marisol esta mañana. Ustedes __________ (beber) todo el jugo ayer.

5 Conjugate the following verbs in the preterite.Ayer, nosotros corrimos en el parque. Ellos miraron una película anteayer. Una vez yo viajé a Miami. Nosotros pasamos tres días en Costa Rica. ¿Recibiste tú un regalo? Yo vendí mi coche el año pasado. Marta escribió una carta. Miguel compró la leche y el pan. Tú hablaste con Marisol esta mañana. Ustedes bebieron todo el jugo ayer.

6 Categorizing preterite verbs with irregularities:JUICY

7 The J Stems When conjugated, the following verbs get j’s as part of their stems: Infinitive Stem English meaning decir dij- to say, tell traer traj- to bring traducir traduj- to translate conducir conduj- to drive producir produj- to produce Endings: yo – e nosotros/as – imos tú – iste vosotros/as – isteis ud./él/ella – o uds./ellos/as - eron

8 When conjugated, the following verbs get u’s as part of their stems:The U Stems When conjugated, the following verbs get u’s as part of their stems: Infinitive Stem English meaning tener tuv- to have estar estuv- to be andar anduv- to walk poder pud- to be able to poner pus- to put, place, set saber sup - to know caber cup - to fit Endings: yo – e nosotros/as – imos tú – iste vosotros/as – isteis ud./él/ella – o uds./ellos/as - ieron

9 The I Stems When conjugated, the following verbs get i’s as part of their stems: Infinitive Stem English meaning querer quis- to want venir vin- to come hacer hic-/hiz- to do, make Endings: yo – e nosotros/as – imos tú – iste vosotros/as – isteis ud./él/ella – o uds./ellos/as - ieron

10 Los Cambios Verbs with spelling changesThere are 3 groups of verbs that get regular preterite endings but have spelling changes: -Car/-Gar/-Zar (Verbs that end with –car, -gar, or –zar and have a spelling change in the yo form only) I to Y Verbs (Verbs that have an I to y spelling change in the 3rd person forms.) Sandal Verbs (Not unlike present tense boot verbs, these get a spelling change in the 3rd person forms.)

11 Los verbos –car/gar/zarVerbs that end in –car (sacar), -gar (pagar) or –zar (comenzar) get a spelling change in the preterite yo form only. -Car Verbs: The c changes to qu Example: sacar yo saqué nosotros sacamos tú sacaste vosotros sacasteis ella sacó ellos sacaron Examples of other –car verbs: buscar, pescar, tocar, secar(se), practicar

12 -Car/gar/zar verbs continued…-Gar Verbs: Get a –gué Example: pagar yo pagué nosotros pagamos tú pagaste vosotros pagasteis Ud. pagó Uds. Pagaron Other –gar verbs: jugar, llegar, entregar

13 -Car/gar/zar verbs continued…-Zar Verbs: The z changes to c Example: comenzar yo comencé nosotros comenzamos tú comenzaste vosotros comenzasteis él comenzó ellas comenzaron Other –zar verbs: empezar, cruzar, organizar, almorzar

14 I to Y Verbs These verbs get spelling changes in the 3rd person forms only. They have regular preterite endings but the i’s change to y’s. These are also called “hanging vowel verbs” because they end in a vowel when the infinitive ending is dropped. (Ex: caer – ca, leer – le, oír – o) Examples: caer oír caí caímos oí oímos caíste caísteis oíste oísteis caió cayó caieron cayeron oió oyó oieron oyeron Other i to y verbs include: creer, leer, poseer -uir verbs (construir, distribuir, incluir)

15 “Sandal Verbs” (Stem-changing verbs)Remember boot verbs in the present tense? These are similar because they have a stem change in the preterite tense. Notice that the stem change only occurs in the 3rd person forms. Instead of a boot, we have a flat sandal! Examples: pedir dormir pedí pedimos dormí dormimos pediste pedisteis dormiste dormisteis pidió pidieron durmió durmieron Other sandal verbs include: (e-i) pedir, servir, preferir, vestirse, competir, seguir, conseguir (o-u) dormir, morir

16 Y… And…the other irregularsThese verbs follow their own set of rules! No accents! The Twins: Identical in the preterite ir and ser fui fuimos fuiste fuisteis fue fueron How do you tell them apart? Context!

17 Y… the other irregulars continuedThe Cousins: You can tell they’re related but they are not identical. dar ver di dimos vi vimos diste disteis viste visteis dio dieron vio vieron *Dar “inherited” ver’s –er preterite endings. *Neither dar nor ver have accents.

18 Los verbos JUICY An overview of stem-changing and irregular verbs in the preterite past tense

19 The preterite past tense in Spanish is made up of different categories of verbs:Verbs that have regular past tense endings Verbs that have regular past tense endings but get a spelling change Verbs are irregular in their spelling and their endings

20 Review of REGULAR preterite verbs:-ar verb endings: yo -é nosotros/as -amos tú -aste vosotros/as -asteis ud/él/ella -ó uds/ellos/as -aron -er/ir verb endings: yo -í nosotros/as -imos tú -iste vosotros/as -isteis ud/él/ella -ió uds/ellos/as -ieron

21 Conjugate the following verbs in the preterite.Ayer, nosotros __________ (correr) en el parque. Ellos ___________ (mirar) una película anteayer. Una vez yo ___________ (viajar) a Miami. Nosotros ___________ (pasar) tres días en Costa Rica. ¿___________ (recibir) tú un regalo? Yo ___________ (vender) mi coche el año pasado. Marta ___________ (escribir) una carta. Miguel ___________ (comprar) la leche y el pan. Tú ____________ (hablar) con Marisol esta mañana. Ustedes __________ (beber) todo el jugo ayer.

22 Conjugate the following verbs in the preterite.Ayer, nosotros corrimos en el parque. Ellos miraron una película anteayer. Una vez yo viajé a Miami. Nosotros pasamos tres días en Costa Rica. ¿Recibiste tú un regalo? Yo vendí mi coche el año pasado. Marta escribió una carta. Miguel compró la leche y el pan. Tú hablaste con Marisol esta mañana. Ustedes bebieron todo el jugo ayer.

23 Categorizing preterite verbs with irregularities:JUICY

24 When conjugated, the following verbs get j’s as part of their stems:The J Stems When conjugated, the following verbs get j’s as part of their stems: Infinitive Stem English meaning decir dij- to say, tell traer traj- to bring traducir traduj- to translate conducir conduj- to drive producir produj- to produce Endings: yo – e nosotros/as – imos tú – iste vosotros/as – isteis ud./él/ella – o uds./ellos/as - eron

25 When conjugated, the following verbs get u’s as part of their stems:The U Stems When conjugated, the following verbs get u’s as part of their stems: Infinitive Stem English meaning tener tuv- to have estar estuv- to be andar anduv- to walk poder pud- to be able to poner pus- to put, place, set saber sup - to know caber cup - to fit Endings: yo – e nosotros/as – imos tú – iste vosotros/as – isteis ud./él/ella – o uds./ellos/as - ieron

26 When conjugated, the following verbs get i’s as part of their stems:The I Stems When conjugated, the following verbs get i’s as part of their stems: Infinitive Stem English meaning querer quis- to want venir vin- to come hacer hic-/hiz- to do, make Endings: yo – e nosotros/as – imos tú – iste vosotros/as – isteis ud./él/ella – o uds./ellos/as - ieron

27 Los Cambios Verbs with spelling changesThere are 3 groups of verbs that get regular preterite endings but have spelling changes: -Car/-Gar/-Zar (Verbs that end with –car, -gar, or –zar and have a spelling change in the yo form only) I to Y Verbs (Verbs that have an I to y spelling change in the 3rd person forms.) Sandal Verbs (Not unlike present tense boot verbs, these get a spelling change in the 3rd person forms.)

28 Los verbos –car/gar/zarVerbs that end in –car (sacar), -gar (pagar) or –zar (comenzar) get a spelling change in the preterite yo form only. -Car Verbs: The c changes to qu Example: sacar yo saqué nosotros sacamos tú sacaste vosotros sacasteis ella sacó ellos sacaron Examples of other –car verbs: buscar, pescar, tocar, secar(se), practicar

29 -Car/gar/zar verbs continued…-Gar Verbs: Get a –gué Example: pagar yo pagué nosotros pagamos tú pagaste vosotros pagasteis ella pagó ellas pagaron Other –gar verbs: jugar, llegar, entregar

30 -Car/gar/zar verbs continued…-Zar Verbs: The z changes to c Example: comenzar yo comencé nosotros comenzamos tú comenzaste vosotros comenzasteis él comenzó ellas comenzaron Other –zar verbs: empezar, cruzar, organizar, almorzar

31 I to Y Verbs caí caímos oí oímosThese verbs get spelling changes in the 3rd person forms only. They have regular preterite endings but the i’s change to y’s. These are also called “hanging vowel verbs” because they end in a vowel when the infinitive ending is dropped. (Ex: caer – ca, leer – le, oír – o) Examples: caer oír caí caímos oí oímos caíste caísteis oíste oísteis caió cayó caieron cayeron oió oyó oieron oyeron Other i to y verbs include: creer, leer, poseer -uir verbs (construir, distribuir, incluir)

32 “Sandal Verbs” (Stem-changing verbs)Remember boot verbs in the present tense? These are similar because they have a stem change in the preterite tense. Notice that the stem change only occurs in the 3rd person forms. Instead of a boot, we have a flat sandal! Examples: pedir dormir pedí pedimos dormí dormimos pediste pedisteis dormiste dormisteis pidió pidieron durmió durmieron Other sandal verbs include: (e-i) pedir, servir, preferir, vestirse, competir, seguir, conseguir (o-u) dormir, morir

33 Y… And…the other irregularsThese verbs follow their own set of rules! No accents! The Twins: Identical in the preterite ir and ser fui fuimos fuiste fuisteis fue fueron How do you tell them apart? Context!

34 Y… the other irregulars continuedThe Cousins: You can tell they’re related but they are not identical. dar ver di dimos vi vimos diste disteis viste visteis dio dieron vio vieron *Dar “inherited” ver’s –er preterite endings. *Neither dar nor ver have accents.