1 Macro, Micro, Nano, and Bio 3D Printing Sal RodríguezResearch Associate Professor, Dept. of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, ISNPS, University of New Mexico Principal Member of the Technical Staff, Sandia National Laboratories (505) April 28, 2017

2 Nano and Micro Machinery at Sandia Labs and Other InstitutionsMicro Turbines, 20,000 to 70,000 RPM Actuators, Gears, and Transmissions MEMS—micro electromechanical systems MIT: 1 .4x10 6 RPM turbine.

3 Nano Robots Nano robots smaller than human cells attacking cancerous cells. Rats were treated successfully in 2013. Human testing will follow soon.

4 Nanofluidic ApplicationsNanojets Nanorobots (smaller than human cells) Individual molecules—how they react at the atomic scale, new chemicals. NEMS (nano electromechanical system) Manipulation of cell behavior. Biomolecular assembly Form new systems. Cancer cure. Life extension. Sandia National Laboratories’ BaDx pocket-sized detector has everything needed to test a sample for anthrax. (Photo by Thayne Edwards) Click on the thumbnail for a high-resolution image.

5 Graphene Nano MaterialManipulating graphene to make useful systems. 200 million magnification of carbon atoms forming graphene. 10 times stronger than steel! Paper thin app with touch screen!

6 Femtosatellites Femtosatellites are so small that they are also called “chip satellites”. Three femtosatellites were launched in 2011 via the Space Shuttle Endeavor. 104 femtosatellites (called “Sprites”) were launched in March, 2014 by Cornell University. Each Sprite measured 3.5x3.5 cm. The femtosatellites were launched by the KickSat nanosatellite… Source: Animation of Cornell University Sprites. Video credit: KickSat. See video at A Cornell University Sprite. 6

7 Computational Fluid Dynamics, High Performance ComputingSupersonic jets can fly from New York to L.A. in 2.5 hours (or less)! 1,100 miles per hour (Mach 1.4) Mach 7 hypersonic vehicle (Wikipedia). The power of computational fluid dynamics!

8 By Dyllan Furness — March 6, 2017Nanoengineers develop first biocompatible, 3D- printed blood vessel networks By Dyllan Furness — March 6, 2017 Led by Shaochen Chen, the team of nanoengineers developed a new method for 3D printing biomimetic blood vessel networks, which may help lay the foundation for functioning lab-grown tissue and organs. Artificial blood vessel networks — which help transport nutrients, blood, and waste — have been 3D printed by other researcher labs in the past, though these methods have proven to be time-consuming and expensive. In his research, Chen sought to make the process faster and cheaper and to develop a network sophisticated enough to be integrated with the human body. “We used hydrogel biomaterials that are biocompatible for potential clinical uses,” he told Digital Trends.

9 3D Bio Printing of Tissues and OrgansMurphy, S. and A. Atala, “3D Bioprinting of Tissues and Organs”, Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 32, No. 8, August 2014.

10 3D Bio Printing of Tissues and OrgansMurphy, S. and A. Atala, “3D Bioprinting of Tissues and Organs”, Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 32, No. 8, August

11 3D-Printed Human Embryonic Stem Cells Created for First TimeBy Tanya Lewis, Staff Writer February 5, :27am ET “The new 3D cell printer used compressed air to squirt out "bio-inks" containing cells and nutrient-rich fluid.”

12 Sandia Labs News ReleasesFebruary 7, 2013 ‘Zombie’ replica cells may outperform live ones as catalysts and conductors ZOMBIE CELL, first stage -- only moderately heated, the cell is now pure silica and needed a gold coating for a scanning electron microscope to image it. (Image courtesy of Bryan Kaehr) Click on the thumbnail for a high-resolution image. ZOMBIE CELL, ADVANCED -- This cell was pyrolized to 900 C in the absence of oxygen, leaving a cell of graphitic carbon and silica. Because carbon is conductive, the cell – practically identical to its protoplasmic original – doesn’t need to be coated in gold to produce an SEM image.

13 Meet RAMBO, the Army's new 3D-printed grenade launcherMarch 13, 2017 Fully functional!

14 This incredibly cheap house was 3D printed in just 24 hours 3 March 2017   Can last up to 175 years. Costs $10,134. 24 hours to make.

15 Nano 3D Printing  A 285 µm long race car, 3D-printed at the Vienna University of Technology. (Vienna Univ. of Tech.) Fractal nanotruss. Individual components are as small as 5 nanometers. (L. Meza, L. Montemayor, N. Clarke, J. Greer/Caltech) Stack of 3D-printed electrodes that form a working anode and cathode—a functional microbattery! (Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard)