1 MIT/ CALTECH/Carnegie : voting is worth technology Ted Selker MIT Media Laboratory Analysis and Engineering? Computers designed for tabulation and interaction –Paper interfaces better and easier? –not solve the problem with computers and networks? Reference Platform? Public Policy in a Digital age: Ted Selker © 2001, MIT

2 Perceptual Graphical –View ability Color, contrast, size, –Readability (this is) Distinctions, lack of distracters, experience –Distinguishably (this is not that) Precognitive, cognitive, Feedback –Proprioceptive feedback 50ms –Social feedback 3 seconds –Emotional feedback 30 + seconds Ted Selker © 2001, MIT

3 Cognitive Interface Short term memory 7 +- 2 ( in 2 d) Depth of information 2 or three The book that I bought with the other books proceeds… Recognition is better than Recall (except when the stimulus is confusing “red” written in blue syntactic, semantic Cognitive load, bored … overloaded Precognitive recognition issues Ted Selker © 2001, MIT

4 Cognitive Styles Verbal/ Visual Procedural/Conceptual Myers Briggs Physical, perceptual, psychological, neurological Ted Selker © 2001, MIT

5 Obvious Design problems.. Distinguish ability –Ambiguity, mislabel –Alignment –Viewable height –Poor audio, labeling on audio (1 …. To select gore 2…. to select Bush ) Effects –Button association –Button not viewable Feedback and Side effects –Action –Undo … action symmetry? –Visual (x not counted) –Completion Validation –counted Mechanical –Difficult to pull, push, turn grab or reach –Parallax, –Dexterity, accuracy, –Button pressure Ted Selker © 2001, MIT

6 T1T2T3T4 Day 1 0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 20 Sec. Graphical interface mappings Ted Selker © 2001, MIT

7 Seeing it all: visualization Perspective and focus View ability-vs- procedure that is easy to follow Ted Selker © 2001, MIT

8 marked Office: select one with cursor or with touch Candidate Perspective: Orient and focus Ted Selker © 2001, MIT

9 Principled voting No one is trustworthy We make mistakes with unfamiliar things Transcription is prone to error Transportation is prone to error Hard to make decisions without information Ted Selker © 2001, MIT

10 Eliminate people Immediate feedback No one person, organization, or mechanism in charge Personal Intentions matter: Consider, review and change their vote without coercion Ted Selker © 2001, MIT

11 Reference Platform: Brazil Electronic voting; 96, 98, 2000 –96 Unisys 7% failure –98 Procomp –2000 Procomp.02% failure 106,000,000 votes Trusted Scientific organization –Create requirements Trusted Technical organization –Create reference platform Companies (5) –Create demonstratable products for bid Government election officials –Create open viewing and decision of vendor Ted Selker © 2001, MIT

12 Public Policy in a Digital age: Computational Platforms: Simulations, the rhetoric of the future? “Mosaic” of opinion and decision; –Government, –community, –school, –job, –family, –recreation, Ted Selker © 2001, MIT

13 Intentions Learning by watching Typing Hand motion Voiceprint I look around –Interest Tracker, Invision Eye aRe Personal gaze –Looking for a sign? - Robot seeks work as fuel tank inspector

14 Ballots:? Ted Selker © 2001, MIT

15 done

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17 Orient and Focus Ted Selker © 2001, MIT

18 Mistakes –computer bugs, –electrical, – mechanical, –transcription, –transportation

19 Behavioral Interface issues Goals Constraints Confidence Motivation Incentives Ted Selker © 2001, MIT