1 Natalie Mears University of DurhamTudor monarchy Natalie Mears University of Durham

2 Introduction Historiography Reigns of the Tudor monarchs Reading list

3 1. Historiography Professor Sir Geoffrey EltonModern, institutional, bureaucratic The Tudor Revolution in Government (1953)

4 1. Historiography 1970s: Starkey – people1990s: Guy – ‘New Tudor Political History’ Institutions, people, ideas

5 1. Historiography Political thought not a disembodied discoursePut in context Real issues = problem to debate Writers examine these issues Give people range of solutions

6 1. Historiography Institutions, people, idease.g. Lord Burghley (Stephen Alford) Problems

7 1. Historiography Nature of monarchy Henry VIII: ‘imperial monarchy’Edward VI: minority Mary and Elizabeth: gender/queenship

8 1. Historiography ii) Institutions Privy council Parliamentiii) People Classical humanism Citizenship e.g. Burghley

9 1. Historiography iv) Realm as whole e.g. Elizabethan realmVulnerable and paranoid Foreign invasion + domestic insurgence Quasi-republican ideas 1590s: authoritarian, economic and social problems, war.

10 2. Tudor Monarchs: Henry VIILeast studied Source material Different debates Existing literature

11 2. Tudor Monarchs: Henry VIISteve Gunn and Margaret Condon Council Attendant Not modern and bureaucratic Comparable to Edward IV French influence Magnificent court

12 2. Tudor Monarchs: Henry VIII‘Trench warfare’ How he governed Elton vs. Starkey

13 2. Tudor Monarchs: Henry VIIIii) Factionalism Elton, Starkey, Ives: YES Bernard: NO Gunn, Guy: types of group; sometimes iii) Was Henry easy to persuade or manipulate?

14 2. Tudor Monarchs: Edward VIRole of Edward, ‘King Josiah’ ii) Challenges of minority government ‘Good duke’ Somerset? ‘Evil Machiavell’ Northumberland?

15 2. Tudor Monarchs: Mary I Not well served Religion Gender/ Queenship

16 2. Tudor Monarchs: Elizabeth IQueenship Mary, Elizabeth, Mary Stuart, Mary of Guise, Catherine de Medici John Knox, The first blast of the trumpet against the monstrous regiment of women (Geneva, 1558) John Aylmer, An harborowe for faithful and trewe subiects (Strasburg, 1559)

17 2. Tudor Monarchs: Elizabeth IKnox Aylmer: Bible Exceptions ‘Mixed polity’ e.g. Christopher St German (‘king-in-parliament’) Significance

18 2. Tudor Monarchs: Elizabeth IMary: unwieldy council? Guy: inner ring inc Cardinal Pole Elizabeth: differing views Alford: privy council Me: ‘probouleutic group’ + ad hoc counselling (Throckmorton, Hunsdon) iii) Tensions between Elizabeth and counsellors: gender or religion? iv) Classical humanism and citizenship

19 2. Tudor Monarchs: Elizabeth Iii) Succession + iii) Religion Mary Queen of Scots Marriage Nominate a successor Control Mary

20 2. Tudor Monarchs: Elizabeth IStrategic launchpads Scotland The Netherlands France Ireland Fifth Column