1 NOAA CURRENT AND FUTURE SATELLITE NETWORKSPresented to CSSMA Fred Mistichelli 16 Sep 2016 13

2 Polar Operational Environmental Satellites (POES)Launch of first satellite: October 1978 (TIROS N) General objective: Earth observation. Collects numer- ous Earth atmospheric and surface parameters such as ice, snow and vegetation; atmospheric temperatures; moisture, aerosol, and ozone distribution. Monitors solar activity and its effect on the Earth’s atmosphere. Also detects and locates Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs), Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRBs), and Personal Locator Beacons (PLBs) as part of the international Cospas-Sarsat system. Orbit: LEO polar Number of satellites: There were fifteen satellites in this series (TIROS-N, NOAA-6 through NOAA-19). The remaining operational spacecraft are: NOAA-15, NOAA-18, and NOAA-19. Main ground stations: Fairbanks, Alaska and Wallops Island, Virginia

3 Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP)Launch of satellite: October 28, 2011 General objective: Earth observation. Collects and distributes remotely-sensed land, ocean, and atmospheric data to the meteor- ological and global climate change communities, It provides sea surface temperatures and vertical profiles of atmospheric humidity sounding. SNPP products include land and ocean biological productivity, and cloud and aerosol properties. SNPP is NOAA’s primary operational spacecraft in the afternoon orbit and also demonstrates and validates aspects of the JPSS command, control, communications and ground processing before the launch of the first JPSS spacecraft. Orbit: LEO polar at 13:30 LTAN (local time of ascending node) Number of satellites: 1 Main ground station(s): Svalbard (Norway) and Fairbanks (Gilmore Creek) AK for TT&C and Stored Mission Data. Stored Mission Data is planned to be transmitted to McMurdo and Troll, Antarctica.

4 Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS)Expected date for launch of first satellite: Early 2017 General objective: Earth observation. Collects numerous atmospheric and surface parameters such as ice, snow and vegetation; atmospheric and surface temperatures, pressures and moisture content; wind speed, cloud characteristics, aerosol, and ozone distribution Orbit: LEO polar at 13:30 LTAN (local time of ascending node) Number of satellites: 4 Main ground station(s): Svalbard (Norway); McMurdo Station, Antarctica; Fairbanks (NOAA), AK; and Troll, Antarctica. Backup service for Ka-band will be via TDRSS.

5 Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC)Launch of first satellite: April 15, 2006 General Objective: Earth observation. COSMIC, a joint U.S.-Taiwan program (known as FORMOSAT-3 in Taiwan), is a program designed to provide advances in meteorology, ionosphere research, climatology, and space weather by using GPS satellites using a constellation of six low Earth-orbiting micro satellites. The constellation tracks radio signals from GPS as they pass through Earth's atmosphere. GPS signals undergo changes in frequency and amplitude when they encounter water vapor or other physical comp-onents of the atmosphere. Those changes can be measured using a process called radio occultation. The altered signals can be converted into useful profiles of humidity and temperature throughout the lower atmo-sphere. Information about the electrical structure of the upper atmosphere, Earth's gravitational field, and other data will also be extracted. Orbit: LEO Number of Satellites: 6 (Four are fully or partially mission-capable) Main ground stations: Fairbanks, Alaska and Wallops Island, Virginia

6 Second generation of Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC-2) Launch: 2017: 6 into a 24°orbit : 6 into a 72° orbit. General Objective: Earth observation. COSMIC-2 is a program designed to provide advances in meteorology, ionosphere research, climatology, and space weather by exploiting signals from GNSS satellites. COSMIC-2 will have 12 satellites with 6 at 24° and 6 at 72° inclination. The constellation will track signals from the GNSS (GPS and GLONASS) as they pass through Earth's atmosphere for Radio Occultation (RO). GNSS signals change in freq-uency and amplitude when they encounter water vapor or other physical components of the atmosphere. Those changes can be measured using RO. The altered signals can be converted into profiles of humidity and temperature throughout the lower atmosphere. Electrical structure of the upper atmosphere, gravitational field, and other data will also be extracted. Orbit: LEO Number of Satellites: 12 (Plus 1 spare at 72 degrees inclination) Main ground stations: The TT&C stations are at Fairbanks, Alaska, Taiwan (Chungli and Tinan), and Darwin, Australia (TBD). Multiple receive-only stations are planned at equatorial locations.

7 Jason-2 (OSTM – Ocean Surface Topography Mission)Launch of first satellite: June 20, 2008 General objective: Earth observation. Jason-2 is a follow-on satellite to the joint CNES/NASA oceanography mission Jason (or Jason-1, launched Dec. 7, 2001). Jason-1, in turn is a follow-on mission of TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P), launched in The science objectives of Jason-2/OSTM are to extend the time series of ocean surface topography measurements to: a) obtain a continuous record of observations (with the previous missions), b) to determine the variability of ocean circulation at decadal time scales from combined data record with T/P and Jason-1, c) improve the measure of the time-averaged ocean circulation, d) improve the measure of global sea-level change, and e) improve open ocean tide models. Mission objectives call for the same measurement accuracy of Jason-1 (3.3 cm) with a goal of achieving 2.5 cm, and to maintain the stability of the global mean sea-level measurement with a drift of less than 1 mm/year. The goal is to better understand the forces behind global changes of climate and to predict seasonal anomalies in weather patterns; this is vital to understand the physics of the ocean. Orbit: LEO with 66° inclination angle, 1336 km altitude, 1 hr 52 min period Number of satellites: 1 Main ground station(s): Fairbanks, Alaska; Wallops Island, Virginia and Usingen, Germany

8 Jason-3 (OSTM – Ocean Surface Topography Mission)Launch of satellite: January 17, 2016 General objective: Earth observation. Jason-3 is a follow-on satellite to Jason-2 (see above) and the joint CNES/NASA oceanography mission Jason (or Jason-1, launched Dec. 7, 2001). Jason-1, in turn is a follow-on mission of TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P), launched in Science objectives are to extend the time series of ocean surface topography measurements to: a) obtain a continuous record of observations (with the previous missions), b) to determine the variability of ocean circulation at decadal time scales from combined data record with T/P, Jason1, and Jason-2/OSTM. c) Improve the measure of the time-averaged ocean circulation, d) improve the measure of global sea-level change, and e) improve open ocean tide models. The mission objectives call for the provision of the same measurement accuracy of Jason-1,2 (3.3 cm) with a goal of achieving 2.5 cm, and to maintain the stability of the global mean sea level measurement with a drift of less than 1 mm/year over the life of the mission. Orbit: LEO with 66° inclination angle, 1336 km altitude, 1 hr. 52 min. period Number of satellites: 1 Main ground station(s): Barrow, Alaska; Fairbanks, Alaska; Wallops Island, Virginia and Usingen, Germany

9 Cooperative Data and Rescue Services (CDARS)Expected planning date for launch of first satellite: Q1FY2021 General objective: Detects and locates Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs), Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRBs), and Personal Locator Beacons (PLBs) as part of the international Cospas-Sarsat system. A-DCS collects data from platform transmitters (PTTs) located on land and ocean in UHF frequency. Over environmental platforms are located around the world. Marine PTTs located on buoys transmit oceanographic data and PTTs on ships transmit weather and oceanographic data. Land-based PTTs provided meteorological and hydrological data and those on balloons provide atmospheric information. Planned payloads: SARR/SARP (part of SARSAT mission) and A-DCS (part of Argos mission) Orbit: LEO polar 1730 ascending or descending sun-synchronous orbit, circular altitude between 650 and 900 km Number of Satellites: 1 Main ground station(s): TBD

10 GOES N-P Satellite SeriesLaunch of first satellite: May 24, 2006 (GOES-13) General objective: Earth observation. Collects numerous atmo- spheric and surface parameters such as ice, snow, and vegetation; atmospheric temperatures; moisture, aerosol, and ozone distribution using instruments sensing in visible, near-IR, and thermal IR fre- quencies. Space and Solar Instruments. Instrumentation on the GOES N-P series to monitor the highly variable solar and near-Earth space environment continues a long history of space weather observations collected by the GOES program. The satellites also detect Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs), Emergency Position- Indicating Radio Beacons (EPRBs) and Personal Locator Beacons (PLBs) as part of the international Cospas-Sarsat system. Orbit: Geostationary; locations: 75W and 135W. The on-orbit spare (parking orbit) is located at 105W Number of satellites: 3 Main ground station(s): US: Wallops VA (primary), Greenbelt MD (backup), Fairbanks, AK (Backup), Boulder, CO (solar instrument data), Goldstone CA (contingency support). Direct Broadcast NOAA Ground Stations: Miami, FL; Norman, OK; Boulder, CO; Honolulu, HI; Anchorage, AK; Kansas City, MO

11 GOES-R Series Meteorological SatellitesExpected planning date for launch of first satellite: 4 Nov 2016 (see: General objective: Collect numerous atmospheric and surface parameters such as ice, snow, and vegetation; atmospheric temperatures; moisture, aerosol, and ozone distribution using instruments sensing in visible, near-IR, and thermal IR frequencies. Space and Solar Instruments to monitor the highly variable solar and near-Earth space environment. The Solar Imaging Suite (SIS) will measure solar x-rays and solar EUV radiation; and the energetic particle instruments, called the SEISS (Space Environment in Situ Suite), that will provide multiple measurements characterizing the charged particle population, including electron, proton, and heavy ion fluxes. Earth's magnetic field will be measured by a magnetometer. The satellites will also detect Emergency Location-type Transmitters as part of the international Cospas-Sarsat system. GOES-R is the first satellite in the GOES series to use X-band.

12 GOES-R Series Meteorological Satellites (cont.)Orbit: Geostationary; locations 75W and 137W (permanent operations) (Checkout and Extended Operations will be conducted at 89.5W for GOES-R) (Future satellites will be checked out at 89.5W or 105W and stored at 105W). Checkout and Extended operations for GOES-R will be approximately one year in duration. Number of satellites: 4 Main ground station(s): US: Wallops VA (primary): Fairmont, WV (backup) Direct Broadcast NOAA Ground Stations: Miami, FL; Norman, OK; Boulder, CO; College Park, MD; Honolulu, HI; Anchorage, AK; Kansas City, MO

13 Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR)Launch date of satellite: February 11, 2015 General objective: Earth and solar observations. The DSCOVR satellite contains a solar wind sensor, a Plasma Magnetometer Solar Weather Instrument (PlasMag) important for solar wind observations, and two climate instruments that look at the sunlit earth from its L1 vantage point approximately a million miles away. The climate instruments are the National Institute of Standards & Technology Absolute Radiometer (NISTAR) and the Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC). DSCOVR helps ensure that NOAA continues to supply geomagnetic storm warnings to support key industries such as the commercial airline, electrical power, and GPS industries. The DSCOVR Program is a partnership with NOAA, NASA, and DOD. DOD provided the launch services and NOAA is responsible for the day-to-day operation of the spacecraft. DSCOVR uses the international Real-Time Solar Wind network for data downlink. Orbit: Lissajous orbit around the First Earth-Sun Lagrangian Point (L-1) Number of Satellites: 1 Main ground stations: Wallops Island, Virginia TT&C; Fairbanks, AK (seasonal back-up); Real-Time Solar Wind network (data downlink).

14 EARTH-TO-SPACE & SPACE-TO-SPACE FREQUENCIES (FORWARD) NGSO NETWORKSSATELLITE FREQUENCY (MHz) DIRECTION EMISSION DESIGNATOR DBIU (Date of Bringing Into Use) NOTES Jason-2/Jason-3 (OSTM) 401.25 E-S 23K0G1D 2008/2014 DORIS POES 401.65 4K00G1D 1978 Data Collection Platforms CDARS – 800HG1D 1K60G1D 6K62G1D Q1FY2021 Data Collection Platforms; The frequency usage of the Argos-4 A-DCS systems is as follows: – MHz 401 – 401.2 Data Collection Platforms; The frequency usage of the Argos-4 A-DCS systems is as follows: – , – MHz 401.3 – 401.7 Data Collection Platforms; The frequency usage of the Argos-4 A-DCS systems is as follows: – , – , – , – , – MHz – Search and Rescue EPIRB SNPP/JPSS 1227.6 S-S Rx 24M0G1D 2011/2017 GPS-TO-JPSS/SNPP COSMIC-2 2016 GPS-to-COSMIC-2

15 EARTH-TO-SPACE & SPACE-TO-SPACE FREQUENCIES (FORWARD) NGSO NETWORKS (2)CDARS 1227.6 S-S Rx 24M0G1D Q1FY2021 GPS to CDARS; Use of GPS on the unknown CDARS spacecraft is probable, but unknown at this time since the spacecraft vendor has not been selected. SNPP/JPSS 2011/2017 GPS-to-JPSS/SNPP COSMIC-2 2016 GPS-to-COSMIC-2 GPS to CDARS; Use of GPS on the unknown CDARS spacecraft is probable, but unknown at this time since the spacecraft vendor has not been selected 2025 – 2110 E-S 4K00G1D 256KG1D Command; S-Band up/down usage unknown at this time POES 2026 2M00G2D 1998 Command Jason-2/Jason-3 (OSTM) 95K0G1D 2008/2015 DORIS COSMIC 2039.5 64K0G1D 2006 2093.1 DSCOVR 36K0G2D 2015 Jason-3 8K00G2D 2014 JPSS 6M04G1D 2017 Memory Load TDRSS SNPP 4K0G7DDT 256K0G7D 6M04G7DDC 2011 Jason-2 (OSTM) 2008

16 EARTH-TO-SPACE & SPACE-TO-SPACE FREQUENCIES (FORWARD) GSO NETWORKSSATELLITE FREQUENCY (MHz) DIRECTION EMISSION DESIGNATOR DBIU (Date of Bringing Into Use) NOTES GOES 13-15 (GOES 15 only) 401.7 – 402.4 E-S N0N 1K20G1DEN 300HG1DEN 400HG1DBN 2006 1994/2006 DCPR Pilot DCPR Test DCPR Data GOES-R/GOES-NEXT 401.7, , 402.0, 402.4, NON 2016/TBD GOES13, 14, 15/GOES-R/GOES-NEXT – 1K60G1D 2006/2016/TBD Search and Rescue GOES-R S-S Rx 24M0G1D 2016 GPS-to-GOES-R GOES-NEXT 2027.1 1M21G1D 1M50G1D TBD HRIT/EMWIN 2027.7 4M22G1DBN PDR 44K5G1DDC DCPC 89KG1D 2033.0 50K00F9C 586KG1DCN 1994 LRIT 2034.2 34K00G7D 2M00G7D 64K00G9D 36K0G2DBN Command 8K00G1D 128KG1DCN GOES 13, 14, 15 2034.7 27K0G1DCN EMWIN 11K0G1DCN DCPI 2036.0 84K0G2D 71K4G2D 1M50G3N Command/Ranging Ranging 7216.6 10M9G1DEN 9M79G1DEN GRB 7208.0 16M0G1D Suggested talking point to accompany bullet, a map of the U.S. was divided into Economic Areas with affected DOC sites and their protection zone contours was provided to aid in the analysis of affected EAs which will have an impact on the upcoming auction. Or something along those lines, I'm sure you'll put it in Jim speak :)

17 SPACE-TO-EARTH & SPACE-TO-SPACE FREQUENCIES (RETURN) NGSO NETWORKSSATELLITE FREQUENCY (MHz) DIRECTION EMISSION DESIGNATOR DBIU (Date of Bringing Into Use) NOTES POES and (or and ) S-E 38K00F1D 46K00G1D 1978 APT TIP Data CDARS 2M00G7D Q1FY2021 Data Collection Platforms 1544.5 900KG2D Search and Rescue 2K40G2D The CDARS Search and Rescue Repeater (SARR, the Canadian instrument) no longer has a 406 MHz receiver. However, the French Search and Rescue Processor (SARP), which will also be aboard the same spacecraft as the CDARS SARR as a part of the Sarsat payload, does have a 406 MHz receiver. The SARP receives the distress beacons, processes the signals and sends the data (as a baseband signal, not as 406 MHz) to the SARR to be transmitted down the MHz SARR downlink (at 2.4 kbps). 1698, , 1707 5M34G7D HRPT 1697.5 1M80G7D A-DCS 2200 – 2290 65K5G1D 6M04G7D T/C; S-Band up/down usage unknown at this time COSMIC 2215 64K0G1D 4M56G1D 2006 Telemetry, Sensor data COSMIC-2 2264.0 4M00G1D 2016

18 SPACE-TO-EARTH & SPACE-TO-SPACE FREQUENCIES (RETURN) NGSO NETWORKS (2)DSCOVR 2215 S-E 1M15G1D 2015 Telemetry Jason-3 839KG1D 2013 TM/SMD JPSS 2247.5 S-S Tx 6M04G1D 2017 TT&C TDRSS RETURN POES SNPP 4M55G7D 6M04G7DDC 1978 2011 Jason-2 (OSTM) 2008 Jason-2/Jason-3 (OSTM) 5300 100MQ3N 320MQ3N 2008/2015 Altimeter 7812 30M0G7D HRD 8212.5 300M0G7D SMD 13575 300MG7D TDRSS

19 SPACE-TO-EARTH & SPACE-TO-SPACE FREQUENCIES (RETURN) GSO NETWORKSSATELLITE FREQUENCY (MHz) DIRECTION EMISSION DESIGNATOR DBIU (Date of Bringing Into Use) NOTES GOES-R S-E 44K5G1D 2016 DCPC GOES-NEXT 468.75 468.85 89KG1D TBD GOES 13-15 11K0G1DCN 2006 DCPI 1544.5 300K00G2D 500KG7DBF Search and Rescue 100KG7DBF 100KG7D 1676 5M20G9D 5M20G7DDX Sensor Data (U.S. Domestic) (International) 400KG7D DCPR 200K00G9D 400KG7DDX MDL 1684.0 16M0G1D Rebroadcast Data (GRB) 1686.6 9M79G1D 10M9G1D GOES 13, 14, 15 1692.7 27K0G1DCN EMWIN 1693.0 80K0G1DCN 8K00G1DCN Telemetry 1694 4K00G9D 16K0G1DBN 1694.1 1M21G1DDN 1M50G1D HRIT/EMWIN & 400KG7DBF 400KG7DEF 2M10G2DBN 2M00G3N 2M10G9W Telemetry/Ranging 1M50G3N 4M93G2D 4M93G9W Ranging Both 8220 120MG1D 180MG1D Science Data

20 PASSIVE BAND FREQUENCIES NGSO NETWORKSSATELLITE CENTRAL FREQUENCY (GHz) BANDWIDTH (MHz) QUASI-POLARISATION SENSOR JASON 18.7 NA AMR, AMR-C DMSP 19.35 356 V, H SSMIS 22.235 407 V JPSS, SNPP, POES, JASON 23.8 270, NA QV, V, NA ATMS, AMSU-A, AMR, AMR-C JPSS, SNPP, POES 31.4 180 QV, V ATMS, AMSU-A 34 37 1580 JPSS, SNPP, POES, DMSP 50.3 180, 380 QH, V, H ATMS, AMSU-A, SSMIS 50.5 400 H SSM/T JPSS, SNPP 51.76 QH ATMS 52.8 400, 389 53.2 53.596 170, 380 QH, H 54.35 54.4 400, 382 54.9 54.94 QH, V

21 PASSIVE BAND FREQUENCIES NGSO NETWORKSJPSS, SNPP, POES, DMSP 55.5 330, 391 QH, H ATMS, AMSU-A, SSMIS DMSP, JPSS, SNPP, POES 57.290 330 RC, QH, H SSMIS, ATMS, AMSU-A DMSP 58.4 350 H SSM/T 58.825 300 59.4 239, 250 RC, H SSMIS, SSM/T 60.793, 106, 2.7 RC SSMIS POES 89 6000, 2800 V AMSU-A, MHS JPSS, SNPP 89.5 5000 QV ATMS 91.655 2829, 3000 V, H SSMIS, SSM/T2 150 3284, 1500 157 2800 MHS 165.5 3000 QH JPSS, SNPP, DMSP, POES 183.31 2000, 3052, 1500, 2000 ATMS, SSMIS, SSM/T2, MHS 2000

22 NOAA SATELLITE SPECTRUM IN CONSIDERATION FOR REPURPOSING, VIA U. SNOAA SATELLITE SPECTRUM IN CONSIDERATION FOR REPURPOSING, VIA U.S. POLICY OR WRC-19 AGENDA ITEMS, OR HAS RECENTLY BEEN REPURPOSED MHz: Recently repurposed for sharing with AWS-3 (Advanced Wireless Services -3) licensees for use as LTE uplink band. MHz: In consideration for repurposing as LTE downlink band and continued shared use as METSAT downlink band. Consideration due to commercial party petition to US FCC in Proceeding RM and MHz: WRC-19 agenda item 1.7, resolution 659, assessment of the suitability of using existing SOS allocations below 1 GHz to accommodate the TT&C requirements for NGSO satellites with short duration missions. MHz: WRC-19 agenda item 1.16, to consider issues related to wireless access systems, including radio local area networks. May include additional spectrum allocations to the mobile service. GHz: WRC-19 agenda item 1.13, to consider identification of frequency bands for the future development of IMT, including possible additional allocations to the mobile service on a primary basis, in accordance with Resolution 238. Above 24 GHz: FCC Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, “Use of Spectrum Bands Above 24 GHz for Mobile Radio Services, GN Docket No ”: Solicitation of comments on mobile use in the following bands – GHz, GHz, GHz, GHz

23 Other Space Spectrum IssuesSmall Sat: Extremely large growth in small sat deployments are being projected and observed. Spectrum use is increasing and placing pressure on established systems for coordination in UHF, S, and X bands as well as other space allocated bands. Passive Bands: Various international mobile telecommunications (IMT) groups are examining spectrum above 6 GHz as part of 5G growth. Several bands in consideration are adjacent to critical passive bands used for remote sensing. Degradation in ability to use passive bands is a growing concern.

24 Thank you