1 Nuclear Power Energy Development in Brazil - Future PerspectivesInternational Conference on Fifty Years of Nuclear Power Nuclear Power Energy Development in Brazil - Future Perspectives J. A. D. DIEGUEZ Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission Obninsk, Russian Federation June/July, 2004
2 Paper Organization Introduction Nuclear Sector in BrazilNuclear Power Development Operational Experience Fuel Cycle Development New Technology Developments Closing Remarks / Prospects for the Future
3 Introduction Population: 176,000,000 Area: 8,500,000 km2GDP (millions of US$): US$ 590,000 Electricity sector: Installed capacity: GW-DEC,02 Hydro: 82% Thermal: 15.5% Nuclear: 2.5%
4 The Nuclear Sector in Brazil Structure of the Nuclear Sector
5 R&D and Applications of Nuclear Energy - CNENRio de Janeiro SEDE Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria (IRD) Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear (IEN) Distrito de Angra dos Reis (DIANG) Nuclebrás Equipamentos Pesados (NUCLEP) Indústrias Nucleares do Brasil (INB) São Paulo Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN) Minas Gerais Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN) Laboratório de Poços de Caldas (COLAB) Goiás Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares em Abadia de Goiás (CRCN-CO) Pernambuco Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares em Recife (CRCN-NE) Distrito de Fortaleza (DIFOR) Distrito Federal Distrito do Planalto Central (DIPLAN) Bahia Distrito de Caetité
6 R&D and Applications of Nuclear Energy - CNEN 3 Research Reactors: IEA-R1 (5 Mw at IPEN São Paulo); TRIGA (at CDTN, Belo Horizonte) and ARGONAUTA (at IEN, Rio de Janeiro) Radioisotopes and Radiopharmaceuticals Production (99mTc generators) 2.2 million medical procedures/year (2003)
7 Brazilian Nuclear Power Development Program Early 70’s: HTGR, Sodium and Light Water Development Programs Cooperation Agreement with Germany (1975) Parallel Program (1980)
8 Brazilian Nuclear Power Reactors (ELETRONUCLEAR)Station Type Net Capacity, Mw(e) Status ANGRA-1 PWR Operational (Westinghouse) ANGRA-2 PWR , Operational (Siemens/KWU) ANGRA PWR , Pending* (*) - Construction resumption under consideration by the National Council of Energy Policy, CNPE. Good probability of a positive outcome.
9 Nuclear Power Brazilian Nuclear Installationsin operation
10 Operational Experience Angra I and Angra 2
11 Nuclear Fuel Cycle (Brazilian Nuclear Industries, INB)
12 New Technology Developments Generation IV INPRO IRIS Project
13 Closing Remarks / Prospects for the FutureBrazil displays a sizeable market for many of the nuclear applications and a reasonably good industrial and R&D installed basis. Nuclear medicine will continue to expand its activities all over the country at an expected rate of 6 to 7%/year. Non power applications are still growing in the country, but nuclear power is at an inflexion point, although with good expectations in a very near future. During the last four years ANGRA 1 and ANGRA 2 have reached outstanding Annual Availabity Factors, superior to 80 and 90%, respectively .
14 Closing Remarks / Prospects for the FutureIt is expected the re-starting construction of ANGRA 3 nuclear power station very soon. This will give self sustainability for our fuel cycle industry. Although hydroelectricity will continue to play an important role in the electric sector for the next decades, a thermoelectric transition program will be pursued. Nuclear energy will be, without any doubt, a relevant option to be considered by the country. In this context Brazil is very much interested in the developments of the next generation of nuclear plants, participating actively on international initiatives such as GIF IV, INPRO and IRIS Project.
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