1 Odds and Ends Class 12 June 14, 2017

2 Spin curve theory Experimental spin curves of thin PDMS Fiber optics in PDMS Very large scale integration Sonic-luminescence Future of microfluidics

3 Theory of spin curves

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6 Spin curve theory Experimental spin curves of thin PDMS Fiber optics in PDMS Very large scale integration Sonic-luminescence Future of microfluidics

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10 Power law dependence on concentration

11 Spin curve theory Experimental spin curves of thin PDMS Fiber optics in PDMS Very large scale integration Sonic-luminescence Future of microfluidics

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19 Spin curve theory Experimental spin curves of thin PDMS Fiber optics in PDMS Very large scale integration Sonic-luminescence Future of microfluidics

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23 Spin curve theory Experimental spin curves of thin PDMS Fiber optics in PDMS Very large scale integration Sonic-luminescence Future of microfluidics

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25 T = – 40000K

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28 Luminol + Air

29 Just water Stops after vibrations removed

30 Spin curve theory Experimental spin curves of thin PDMS Fiber optics in PDMS Very large scale integration Sonic-luminescence Future of microfluidics

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32 Microfluidics Non-turbulent laminar flowFirst inkjet printing and analytical sciences Now complex synthesis of novel materials Now ultrahigh throughput analysis Now organ on a chip Now single cell level Now single molecule level Now culturing cells in devices

33 Fields that benefit from microfluidicsGenetic analysis Capillary electrophoresis DNA amplification Clinical biochemistry Cell-based assays and single cell analysis Proteomics Point of care Drug discovery Small molecule and nano-materials

34 Plant microfluidics Root chips to investigate root growthChange environment around roots High throughput Follow roots on microscope

35 Defining microfluidics by scaleLaminar flow – Life at low Reynolds number Heat and mass transfer Diffusion Large surface to area ratio (thermal homogeneity and rapid transfer) Small chambers single objects, concentrated products Single phase and multiple phase

36 Why wasn’t microfluidics more common?Historically electro-osmotic flow Move only small amounts of liquid Easily disrupted by bubbles or temperature variations

37 Benefits in genomics Microfluidics works well with current sequencing technology Sample preparation Single cell level genomics Compartmentalization is important reducing noise, single molecule in 10 muL is a no go Single molecule in 10 pL is good Digital PCR and digital ELISA emerging Insight into heterogeneity in biology Epigenetics

38 Mimicking physiological systemsVasculature, circulatory system Liver on a chip Testing drugs on human cells Less testing on animals, ethics Generally only 2D in microfluidics Learn how tissues grow and develop

39 Droplet microfluidicsMaking 2k drops per second Analyzing millions of drops per day Chemical reactions and in vitro biochemistry in drops PCR in drops Culture cells in drops

40 Circulating tumor cellsNeedle in a haystack Physical properties Affinity antibodies, only catch what you are looking for. Size based better than affinity

41 Blood Microbe Culture Fighting sepsisDetermining which antibiotics are effective against pathogens Rapid determination of treatment not a long culture of bacteria over several days Also in chemotherapy characterizing which drugs work best on a specific cells

42 Artificial cells Cell free extract on chip features as artificial cellVesicles of cell free extract as artificial cells

43 E. Coli Dynamic environments Mother cell machinesHow cells decide when to divide, constant addition theory Bacteria cell immortality and the old pole Bacteria in fluctuating environments of food or antibiotics

44 Rapid and cost effective diagnosticsPoint of care, reduced access to equipment in poor countries Construction of portable systems something that works with your phone Low cost microscopes or fluorescence systems HIV diagnostics Paper based devices

45 Synthesizing chemicalsRadio-chemicals for PET must be produced on the spot and decay rapidly

46 Modular components Standardization of screws and boltsNeed something similar for microfluidics Standard ports tubing, punching patterns, pattern arrangements. Pneumatic components

47 Working with worms and fliesWorking with worms and flies can tell us about similar genes in humans We talked about how microfluidics can be used to manipulate worms and flies

48 Molecular evolution Digital PCR Megapixel PCR Microfluidic SELEX

49 Immunology Chemotaxis of immune cells Sensitive ELISA measurementsCompartmentalization of cells and determining what they excrete Blood fractionation Systems level analysis on single cells

50 Simulation and constructionAutomated software for design of chips Simulation of chip behavior Auto-wiring of channels Stand alone biotic games for museums or classrooms

51 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6iUrxGo9gZs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2EJlRXvpnf8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sgofwf2C76g https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UoLwOYtx0TA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odtpCGZdvrU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IgGFfxILoMQ