1 Outline Every speech will be written in an outline formatThe outline that is turned in needs to be written in full sentences You will need to write out your points and add the examples, evidence or supporting details in your sub points You don’t need to have three points, but the points you do have need to follow the same structure

2 Format of Sentence OutlineSpeech Type Purpose of Speech Speech Title/Topic Introduction Attention getter Introduce Topic/State Thesis Statement Establish Credibility (Ethos) Preview Main Points Body First Point Subpoint In depth analysis supporting evidence Second Point Third Point Conclusion Refer back to attention getter Restate Thesis

3 Speech #1: IntroductionPurpose: To introduce myself based on a central personal theme, in this case, the word perseverance as a definition of the motivating force behind the desire to achieve a large professional goal, acceptance into pharmacy school. I. Introduction: a. When reflecting on our lives what defines us? b. Usually, people will say it is their jobs, hobbies, goals, families or any number of other things that occupy and fulfill their lives. c. However, could it be a word? When we consider ourselves and our lives we realize that many times it is a word or perhaps a collection of a few key words that truly define who we are and how we approach life with its many joys, sorrows and challenges. d. For myself, at this moment in my life, my defining word is perseverance. e. My perseverance has been the guiding force that has helped me achieve the most difficult goal in my life thus far, acceptance into pharmacy school. It helped me navigate the many obstacles I faced in achieving this goal such as: (1) Success in night classes while working full-time. (2) Returning to full-time studies. (3) Ultimately, the pharmacy school acceptance process.

4 II. Body: A. Success in night classes while working full-time. After finishing my bachelor’s degree, I decided to work for awhile and received a management position with Walgreens. However, I still wanted to further my education, preferably moving into the healthcare field. This job would give me a glimpse. I quickly earned a promotion which meant more hours at work but this led to my pharmacy technician’s license and the opportunity to work in the pharmacy itself. This planted the seed of wanting to go to pharmacy school. Next step, the decision to begin night classes. This was difficult due to the responsibility of my position then and the hours involved (50 to 60 hrs. per week). Through perseverance I was able to succeed in my difficult science classes while maintaining a heavy workload. This bolstered my confidence and led to the decision to attack this goal head-on and return to school full-time to finish my pre-requisites.

5 III. Conclusion: When I ask the question the of what defines me, I feel what best answers this question is a quote by the Roman poet and satirist Persius: “he conquers who endures.” I feel it could not be stated any better. All of us here today have a story similar to mine, which involves overcoming great odds in the pursuit of our heart’s desire. Indeed, I am sure there are many of you listening right now that have stories that would make mine seem pale in comparison. But I hope that my story as witnessed to you all here today will have the two-fold effect of further fueling the fire of perseverance that lies within and aid you in finding that other word or words that truly define you.

6 Structure of a Speech Verbal EssayNeed to make speech reflect your personality in a professional way that seems natural A speech, more so than an essay, needs clarity and direction Remember: In an essay you can go back to clarify questions. In a speech you don’t have that option.

7 Three Parts of a Speech Just like an essay it will follow that same format of Intro, Body and Conclusion When starting out, especially for those that are new to public speaking, strictly following this structure will not only aid in your ability to follow your speech easily but it will also help you become a clear and effective speaker

8 Intro Five Requirements of an Intro: Attention getter Thesis StatementThis is a device that “hooks” your audience Thesis Statement Just like in an essay, this is covering the main idea of your speech Relevancy This part of your speech needs to establish why this speech is important to listen to. This may not always be required. Ethos This part of your speech needs to establish why the audience should listen to you as a speaker. Preview If not already stated in the thesis than make sure to let your audience what your points are

9 Attention Getter The attention getter needs to be creative and shortNCLB Example, Guitar, Dramatic Quote It needs to directly relate to your topic and automatically give the audience a clear idea of your topic and position Some materials you can use: videos, quotes, statistics jokes, pop culture references, skits, songs, props and acting out of character

10 Attention Getter Remember to consider your audienceWIIFM: What's In It For Me. Ask yourself: If I was listening to my own speech and I had to decide whether to keep listening after hearing the attention getter, would I continue to listen?

11 Attention Getter The attention getter is a very important part of the speech. It sets the stage for how the rest of the speech will go. Narratives and examples are really great ways to get the audiences attention, especially those that use humor Listing experience you’ve had with the topic also helps to establish your credibility on the topic

12 The Pitfalls of Attention GettersTop mistakes: Doesn’t Relate Ex: Topic: Dog Fighting  AG: Girl dies from dog Isn’t Delivered Properly If you are using a quote or something that doesn’t grab attention on its own you need to make sure you delivery it with impact. Too Long If you show videos make sure they a 30 seconds or under. Quotes should take more than 20 seconds

13 Introducing Your SpeechAlways start with your attention getter!!!!!! Don’t say, “My name is…and today I will be taking about” or “my topic is” This doesn’t grab your audience’s attention and it looks like you put little effort into your speech. You want to start on the right foot.

14 Assignment Each group will be given a speech topic and will have to come up with TWO attention getters You are allowed to make up quotes, statistics, ect. if need be

15 Assignment Group One: How to recycle as a college studentGroup Two: The rise in popularity of slasher movies Group Three: The abuse of animals Group Four: The dangers of Facebook and other social networking sites Group Five: The benefits of yoga

16 Review of Self IntroductionWhat’s Wrong? How do You Fix it? I joined speech and debate I became a better student I love painting Paintings can showcase a different viewpoint of the world Preview: Having to be in the hospital for a month made me a stronger person

17 Review of Self IntroductionMake sure to connect the dots Don’t assume the audience sees the connection between your ideas Be precise and focused Lack of focus makes your speech vague, uninteresting and superficial Make sure you are adhering to the requirments of the assignment

18 Student Learning CenterLake Worth English Writing Lab TC 214 (561) Hours: Monday - Thursday 7:30a.m. - 9:00p.m

19 Transitions Are a necessary part of a speech because they:Bridge parts of the speech Help speech flow smoothly Transitions can be simple, such as: "Now that I've told you about the health benefits of oranges, I'd like to tell you about the health benefits of pomegranates." "Second, I'd like to tell you about pomegranates." "Finally, another fruit that's very healthy is the pomegranate."

20 Transitions Look for commonalties or obvious differences between the two points Use themes that connect the two ideas For example: United States  Yogurt Themes: both mix different things Differences: Yogurt is healthy, U.S. eating habits are not

21 Transitions However, students can also use more creative transitions that tie together points in interesting ways. "While most people are aware of the health benefits of oranges, a lesser known fruit is also very nutritious: the pomegranate." "But if you're bored with the plain old orange and want something more exciting in your lunch box, check out another healthy fruit: the pomegranate." "Orange is pretty, but if red is more your speed, try a pomegranate."

22 Activity Each group will get two words to discussThe first word they will talk about briefly and the second word will be the topic they need to transition into. Ex. Your topic is painting and you need to transition into pottery you could say painting is something that is very relaxing and therapeutic for some people but if you aren’t good with a paintbrush pottery is another option for incorporating art into your life.

23 Activity Example: Silent Films Group 1: Britney Spears Ipod Group 1: Britney Spears  Flavor Flav Group 2: The Office  The Hills Group 3: Dick Cheney  Hillary Clinton Group 4: Conan O’Brien  Bill O’Reily

24 Activity Group 5: Jersey Shore Group 6: Scar Face Group 7: Puppies Dora The Explorer Group 6: Scar Face  Tangled Group 7: Puppies  Lasagna Group 8:Exercise  Bears

25 Informative Speech Time: 4-6 minutesPurpose: To inform the class in a “balanced and responsible” fashion on a topic of broader public significance. You want to tell us something we do not already know. Your topic needn’t be overly political, but it needs to be important, and I will look for you to emphasize its potential significance to our lives during your presentation. Requirements: Outline and Three resources will be required along with a bibliography in MLA or APA format.

26 Goals

27 Topic The topic can make or break your speech. If its not interesting the audience won’t listen and if you aren’t interested it wills how in your speech Inspiration: Current events Experiences Interests/Hobbies Passions Beliefs Misconceptions

28 Subject vs. Topic Subject: Nursing Subject: a broad area of knowledgeTopic: narrower, subset of subject Subject: Nursing Topic: How the nursing shortage will negatively affect the medical field and patients

29 Topic An informative topic must be: Unbiased Well Rounded CreativeFresh Relevant Current Focused

30 Using Subjects for MultipleTopics

31 Topic Things to consider when coming up with a topic:“So What?” Factor Relevancy Audience Knowledge Fresh and creative approach

32 Topic: So What Factor? For every topic you choose you need to think about your audience and ask: Will they care? Is this relevant for them? - as students, individuals, Americans, technology users, ect. How does this impact audience on a day to day basis? Is this something that I could talk about for five minutes?

33 Topic: Audience KnowledgeDoes my audience already know about this topic? Would they be interested in learning more? How do I address the topic to make it fresh and creative? Try to look at different angles of your topic. Look at misconceptions or sides of a topic that aren’t normally discussed

34 Topic: Audience KnowledgeAction Plan

35 Topic: Audience KnowledgeVegetarianism Don’t we already know what this is? How do we make it interesting? Misconceptions about loss of protein and nutrients Lack of options/new technology Environmental reasons for being a vegetarian

36 Topic: Adding RelevancyNot all audience members may be interested in vegetarianism, so how do you make it clear that your topic is relevant to them? Add a relevancy statement!!!!!! This needs to be one or two sentences telling your audience why they should listen to you speech

37 Relevancy Statement Misconceptions about loss of protein and nutrientsMany of you may have wanted to become vegetarians but have not because you are worried about health issues or that you will be missing out on needed nutrition from meat Lack of options/new technology Being a vegetarian can be difficult and for many who wanted to be a vegetarian it can be almost impossible. For anyone who has looked at their hamburger and felt guilty know that times have changed and technology has caught up with the needs of vegetarians Environmental reasons for being a vegetarian We all care about our environment. Many of use recycle and our cutting back on how water or electricity we use but you may not know that the most environmentally friendly thing you can do doesn’t have to do with what your using but what you are eating.

38 Topic Relevancy Dog Fighting Women being assulted on campusWhy do we care? Cruel to animals Increases crime Women being assulted on campus Broaden it to incidents of violence on campus and how to protect yourself Planned Parenthood Services for everyone and its effects on the community

39 Coming Up With a Topic Topic Idea: The Recession/Current EconomyWhat about the recession? Don’t we already know about the recession? Why would we want to listen to this? Better idea: How little has changed to stop another recession from happening again

40 Coming Up With a Topic An African American Harvard professor was arrested after being mistaken for a burglar. At a press conference President Obama said the police officer’s actions were “stupid”. Is this a topic?

41 Action Plan for Speech

42 Assignment Come up with TWO topic with a thesis statement and reason why your topic is relevant Example: There is new technology available to make being a vegetarian easier. These options make it more attractive to become a vegetarian. This topic is relevant because many people may want to be vegetarians but think it is too difficult.

43 Delivery Eye contact Confident posture and Facial expressionsBody Movements Voice Enhancing your message Pitch Rate Volume Articulation Inflection Pauses Extemporaneous

44 Practice Ways to Practice Practice Assignment Mirror RecordingIn front of family & friends Practice Assignment Practice looking at audience and not heavily relying on outline Practice in a mirror (or tape it) to see how you will be perceived by audience Practice with audience

45 Delivery M_CA0orW08&feature=player_embedded

46 Assignment In a group you will be creating a brief (2-3 minute) speech. You will pick from the assigned topics: 2‐4 things that really bother you 2‐4 things you like or dislike about your college or university 2‐4 things you would like to change about the place you work 2‐4 things you would do to improve the educational system 2‐4 things you would do if you were President of the United States 2‐4 reasons you like or dislike _________ (a public person, a place, a sport, a book, a movie, a TV show, a hobby, etc.)

47 Assignment The speech that must include: Intro Body Conclusion Attention getter(Catch attention of audience) Thesis and Preview Establishing of ethos Relevancy Statement Body  At least two points Transitions between each point Supporting Details Evidence Conclusion  Reiterate main points Leave us with something clever, unique, funny, and encompassing

48 Assignment Each group will pick one person to perform the speech in front of the class. The person who performs his/her speech in front of the class will receive 3 points extra credit on the next speech Once all the groups have performed their speeches, I will decide which group was the best and that group will receive 3 points extra credit on the next speech.

49 Supporting Material For all the proceeding speech research or supporting material will be required This is an important part of the speech to establish your credibility as a speaker as well as to make a more well rounded and unbiased speech There are five types of supporting material and you need to try and incorporate all of them into your speech Facts, Examples, Illustrations, Testimony, Visual

50 Supporting Material Facts are the most commonly thought of as the only supporting detail Facts Any piece of information that is verifiable Statistics and findings by published research ALWAYS cite where you are getting the material This is the most credible form of supporting material but usually the most boring It is necessary but must be used in conjunction with the other forms of supporting material Be aware of being too factually dense, you want to inform but you also need to keep you audiences attention

51 Supporting Material Examples Illustrations (narratives)Short illustrations that are judgments or interpretation of facts Ex: Common Currency  use example of the Euro to make the abstract concept of common currency more understandable and relevant to audience Illustrations (narratives) Stories that represent or demonstrate Personal anecdotes work, but don’t solely rely on them

52 Supporting Material TestimonyExpert testimony  quote from expert in the field Must cite who they are For example “According to Dr. Smith, a researcher for the Cato Institute…” Lay Testimony  quote from non-expert Should be used to get a “pulse” on a certain group If you want to see how students feel about raises in tuition you can quote a student that best reflects how a majority of student feel Quote the person and cite how they are relevant to the point you are making or how they are affected by the situation you are discussing

53 Supporting Material VisualPictures can sometimes be the most effective way of supporting a point when words fail you For instance when talking about the devastation in Haiti all the words in world cannot truly convey the situation the way a picture can Do not heavily rely on this Never use more than four pictures and make sure they help your speech rather than become a distraction

54 Requirements for SpeechThree pieces of factual supporting material Two pieces of some other form of supporting material This could be a visual and an example or an illustration and testimony

55 Examples If you are taking about unhealthy eating habits of college students bring in a bag of Doritos If you are discussing why not to drink bottled water bring in picture of landfill of bottled water or bring in lots of empty bottles If you are discussing bullying use illustration (narrative) about individual being bullied and how it impacted their life This also helps to elicit pathos

56 Different Ways to Use Supporting MaterialTopic: Sleep Deprivation and College Students Lay Testimony: Who/What: College Students Why: Show how common it is Expert Testimony: Who/What: Sleep expert Why: Show how dangerous it is Visual: Who/What: Car accident Why: Show impact of sleep deprivation

57 Different Ways to Use Supporting MaterialVisual Who/What: Bottle of Red Bull Why: To show what students are using to stay awake Illustration Who/What: Story about someone making big mistake that impacted them Why: To show another effect of sleep deprivation Example: Who/What: Definition of sleep deprivation, ask students how many hours they’ve slept Why: To give clearer picture of what it is and that it is common

58 Verbally Citing Fact: According to the website, book, institute, ect.According to MSNBC…. Illustration: Depends If it is personal than you will state that it is something you experienced If you read it from a source than quote the source the same way you would a fact According to an article in the New York Times Mike Jameson experienced a similar situation…..

59 Verbally Citing Example: If it is something the audience will be aware of than it is not necessary to cite Testimony: Cite the person and their credibility depending on which type of testimony it is (expert or lay) Visual: cite where you got the picture from This image is from the AP

60 Evaluate Sources Authority – expertise/reputation of author(s).Objectivity – potential biases. Currency – how old is the information? Relevance – is information appropriate for your speech?

61 Body When writing the body of your speech you want to make sure you follow the organization that was established in your thesis. In the body you always need to: Establish a pattern for how you organize your points Clearly present main points and the relation to your thesis Support main points with examples, narratives, research or personal experience

62 Developing the Body of the SpeechFollow this pattern: Give the premise of the section   Substantiate or support the premise with examples, stories, statistics, etc.   Tie-in the section premise to the speech thesis   Transition to the next point.                                   

63 Developing the Body of the SpeechDetermine main points Write a thesis statement Outline the body Select and outline supporting material Prepare section transitions and signposts

64 Outlining the Body of the SpeechWording main points Is the relationship of each main point statement to the goal statement clearly specified? Are the main points parallel in structure?

65 Outlining the Body of the SpeechSelect an organizational pattern Time order – arranges main points by chronological sequence Narrative order – dramatizes the thesis with a story Topic/Categorical order – arranges main points by categories or divisions of subject Logical reasons order – main points are the proof of the thesis

66 Setting Up Speech Design speech to enhance learning and retentionMake it interesting Keep it simple and easy to grasp Remember previous knowledge

67 Five Ways to Inform Limit information you presentSpeech should not be a laundry list of facts No one will retain information Only focus on most important issues Move from familiar to unfamiliar “Many of you use Facebook on a regular basis to keep in contact with your social network. LinkedIn uses similar technology but instead of keeping in touch with your social network you can maintain a personal network”

68 Five Ways to Inform Repeat Important Ideas Highlight Key MaterialYou must repeat a person’s name 3-4 times to remember it Highlight Key Material Signpost with words like “most importantly” “What you really need to understand…” “The key piece of information to walk away with…” You can also highlight important material with your voice through inflection and pausing

69 Five Ways to Inform Rely on Multiple Channels of CommunicationVisual Aids PowerPoint Please send to me ahead of time! Handouts Body language If applicable

70 Involve Your ListenersPeople learn better when they are active Try to engage your audience, so they are not passive for the entirety of your speech Something as simple as looking audience members in the eyes and engaging with their nonverbal feedback, it enough to engage your audience, but you should also try various techniques

71 Techniques to Involve ListenersCall for participation Try to get them to use their senses Have them watch a clip Pass something out for them to feel Play music Ask Rhetorical Questions Remember to pause to give them time to absorb the meaning of your question Make sure that it is thought provoking

72 Techniques to Involve ListenersPoll Listeners Make sure you have some idea of what the audience will say ahead of time Refer to specific listeners “Just the other day I heard Mark talking about what he would do if he won the lottery. Well, Mark, you may not win, but I can help you get more money by following these easy tips.”

73 Managing Your Fear of SpeakingAnnika Sorenstam “While she was content to savour the acclaim in Dubai, a comfort in the public eye is a condition that has taken all of her 15 years as a tour professional to acquire. Indeed, as a junior she had such a pathological fear of public speaking that she would three-putt final greens to avoid making victory speeches. While she has never made the most illuminating interview her words following her Dubai farewell seemed perfectly pitched: "I felt at peace walking up the 18th hole and really felt very content. Life goes on." Sorenstam-bowed-out-of-professional-golf-with-a-final-birdie-at-the-Dubai- Ladies-Masters.html

74 First Rule of Communication AnxietyA Little Bit of Communication Anxiety is a Good Thing

75 External Fear Factors Unfamiliar Situation Important Occasion

76 Internal Fear Factors Labeling symptoms as “fear” Expecting perfectionSeeing listeners as “predators”

77 Specific Fears that Bother SpeakersTrembling or shaking Forgetting what you want to say Embarrassing yourself Being unable to continue Worrying about your grade

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79 Controlling Communication AnxietySelective relaxation Cognitive restructuring Visualization

80 How to Manage Your Fear:Identify the fear. What are you afraid of? What specifically do you fear? Are you afraid of what the other people will think of you? Are you afraid of losing your train of thought? Are you afraid you'll fall off the stage? Write down everything you fear. Make the list as long as you need to.

81 How to Manage Your Fear:Isolate Each Fear. Once you've identified your fears, list the things you can do to prevent that dreaded event from happening. For example, if you are afraid you will lose your train of thought, prepare clear, precise notes. If you fear what others will think of you, imagine what they are thinking. How can you turn their thoughts from negative energy to positive energy?

82 How to Manage Your Fear:Take Baby Steps. Set up small goals to achieve for your first speech. Don’t expect to be perfect right away and don’t be hard on yourself if your speech doesn’t go exactly as you planned. Try to identify two or three things you need to improve on while practicing and work on those areas only.

83 How to Manage Your Fear:Practice, practice, practice. The old saying is correct: practice makes perfect. The more you practice the less you will need your outline, the less likely you are to mess up, and the more confident you will be about your performance. For every speech make sure you practice the entire thing at least 4-5 times.

84 How to Manage Your Fear:Engage Your Audience. Look out into the audience no matter how large and get them involved in your talk. Bring them along with you. Don't just talk to them and please, do not read your notes or your PowerPoint presentation. When your eyes point down to read, you do not engage! Ask open questions that make the audience think. Challenge them to become part of your presentation.