1 Parts of Speech Chapter 12

2

3 From: dale > FULL NAME LEFT OUT FOR PRIVACY To: Guinn, Al Sent: Thu Apr 28 19:54: Subject: thank you Al,   I want to thank you and the MHC company in providing flights to and from the Kansas City Carrier Dealership in considering myself for the service manger position. Visiting your Dealership was very inspiring. I am confident I can assist the Dealership in rising the bar to the next levels. I look forward in hearing from you to advance in the next consideration for the position.   Thank You Dale

4 I want to thank you and the MHC company in providing flights to and from the Kansas City Carrier Dealership in considering myself for the service manger position. Visiting your Dealership was very inspiring. I am confident I can assist the Dealership in rising the bar to the next levels. I look forward in hearing from you to advance in the next consideration for the position.   Thank You Dale CORRECTED: I want to thank you and the MHC company for providing flights to and from the Kansas City Carrier Dealership and for giving me the opportunity to interview for the service manager position.  I was inspired by … [be specific]. I am confident that I can benefit  your dealership as you continue to grow.  I look forward to hearing from you. Understand: Parallel structure that works; gerund phrases as subject in this case is too vague; avoiding overused words; capitalization; avoid wordiness.

5 12a -- NOUN A Word or word group that is used to name a person, a place, a thing, or an idea

6 Question Which sentences show the correct use of a noun? WHY?I am going to run. The charity run begins at 11:00. We can camp here. Where will we set up the camp?

7 Question Which sentences show the correct use of a noun? WHY?I am going to run. The charity run begins at 11:00. We can camp here. Where will we set up the camp? Group 1 Member 2

8 Question Which sentences show the correct use of a noun? WHY?I am going to run. The charity run begins at 11:00. We can camp here. Where will we set up the camp? Group 1 Member 2

9 Common and Proper NounsA proper noun names a particular person, place, thing, or idea and is CAPITALIZED. A common noun names any one of a group of persons, places, things, or ideas and is generally not capitalized. Common Proper scientist Marie Curie woman Rita Moreno city Kansas City building Eiffel Tower continent North America day Monday

10 Do Practice #1

11 Concrete and Abstract NounsConcrete Noun = Person, place, thing that can be perceived by one or more of the following senses: sight, hearing, taste, touch, smell. Cloud, poison ivy, thunder, silk, yogurt, Sarah Abstract Noun = Names an idea, feeling, quality, or characteristic. Freedom, well-being, beauty, kindness, Buddhism

12 Practice #2

13 Compound Nouns One Word Firefighter, Iceland, newspaper Separate Words Prime minister, Red River Dam, fire drill Hyphenated Word Sister-in-law, Port-au-Prince, pull-up A compound noun consists of two or more words used together as a single noun. The parts of a compound noun may be written as one word, as separate words, or as hyphenated word.

14 Practice #3

15 Collective Nouns A collective noun is a word that names a group.People Audience, chorus, committee, crew Animals Brood, flock, gaggle, herd Things Assortment, batch, bundle, cluster A collective noun is a word that names a group.

16 Practice #4

17 Question How many nouns are in the following sentence? Do not count anything except common and proper nouns. “Then my eyes fell on the bound and cast white mass point at me, and as it was always to do, it brought me down out of Finny’s world of invention, down again as I had fallen after awakening that morning, down to reality, to the facts.

18 Question How many nouns are in the following sentence? Do not count anything except common and proper nouns. “Then my eyes fell on the bound and cast white mass point at me, and as it was always to do, it brought me down out of Finny’s world of invention, down again as I had fallen after awakening that morning, down to reality, to the facts. Group 3 Member 3

19 Question = 7 How many nouns are in the following sentence? Do not count anything except common and proper nouns. “Then my eyes fell on the bound and cast white mass point at me, and as it was always to do, it brought me down out of Finny’s world of invention, down again as I had fallen after awakening that morning, down to reality, to the facts. Group 3 Member 3

20 Practice #5

21 12b = Pronoun A pronoun is a word that is used in place of one or more nouns or pronouns. EX: Stan bought a suit and an overcoat. He (Stan) will wear them (suit & overcoat) tomorrow. Several of the horses have gone into the stable because they are hungry.

22 12b = Pronoun The noun a pronoun stands for or refers to is called the antecedent of the pronoun. The tour guide showed the students where they could see Mayan pottery. Antecedent Why did Oscar give his camera to the film school? Antecedent

23 Question What are the pronouns and antecedents in the following sentence? Matt scored a field goal. It was his first of the season.

24 Question What are the pronouns and antecedents in the following sentence? Matt scored a field goal. It was his first of the season. Group 2 Member 1

25 Question What are the pronouns and antecedents in the following sentence? Matt scored a field goal. It was his first of the season. Group 2 Member 1

26 Personal Pronouns First Person I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours Second Person You, your, yours Third Person He, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they them, their, theirs I hope that they can find your apartment by following our directions. She said that we could call them at home.

27 Question What are the personal pronouns in the following sentence? He asked us to help him clear away the fallen branches from his backyard.

28 Question What are the personal pronouns in the following sentence? He asked us to help him clear away the fallen branches from his backyard. Group 6 Member 4

29 Question What are the personal pronouns in the following sentence? He asked us to help him clear away the fallen branches from his backyard. Group 6 Member 4

30 Practice #6

31 Pronouns – Be able to recognizeReflexive & Intensive First Person: myself, ourselves Second Person: yourself, yourselves Third Person: himself, herself, itself, themselves Demonstrative: this that these those Interrogative: who whom which what whose Relative: that which who whom whose

32 Indefinite Pronouns Refers to one or more persons, places, ideas, or things that may or may not be specifically named. all each most one another either much other any everyone neither several anybody everything nobody some anyone few none somebody anything many no one something both more nothing such

33 Question Be able to underline all pronouns in the following sentences: The tea ceremony at Hideko’s house was more like some I have seen in movies than the traditional one shown in this picture. “What happens during the tea ceremony, Hideko?” I asked as we entered the house. According to Hideko, the purpose of the tea ceremony, a custom that dates back hundreds of years, is to create a peaceful mood.

34 Question Be able to underline all pronouns in the following sentences: The tea ceremony at Hideko’s house was more like some I have seen in movies than the traditional one shown in this picture. “What happens during the tea ceremony, Hideko?” I asked as we entered the house. According to Hideko, the purpose of the tea ceremony, a custom that dates back hundreds of years, is to create a peaceful mood. Group 5 Member 4

35 Question Be able to underline all pronouns in the following sentences: The tea ceremony at Hideko’s house was more like some I have seen in movies than the traditional one shown in this picture. “What happens during the tea ceremony, Hideko?” I asked as we entered the house. According to Hideko, the purpose of the tea ceremony, a custom that dates back hundreds of years, is to create a peaceful mood.

36 Practice #7

37 12c – ADJECTIVE A word that is used to modify a noun or pronoun.Modify = to describe the word or to make its meaning more definite. An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun by telling what kind, which one, or how many. What kind? gray skies Irish lace far-fetched tale lowest price Which One? either way those girls next day last chance How Many? five fingers fewer hours one river some problems

38 Pronoun or Adjective? Many pronouns can be used both as adjectives and as pronouns. Adjectives Did Jennifer draw THIS picture or THAT one? Let’s take THESE sandwiches and THOSE apples on our picnic. I like THAT shirt. EITHER car will do. WHICH one is yours? WHOSE hat is it? Pronouns THIS is mine and THAT is his. THESE are much more expensive than THOSE are. I like THAT. Either will do. WHICH is yours? WHOSE is it?

39 Question Identify if the words in red are used as pronouns or adjectives. That is one of the best drawings I’ve ever seen! That drawing is the best I’ve ever seen! I want those shoes for Christmas. These are the nicest shoes I’ve ever had.

40 Question Identify if the words is red are used as pronouns or adjectives. That is one of the best drawings I’ve ever seen! That drawing is the best I’ve ever seen! I want those shoes for Christmas. These are the nicest shoes I’ve ever had. Group 5 Member 2

41 Question Identify if the words is red are used as pronouns or adjectives. PRONOUN That is one of the best drawings I’ve ever seen! ADJECTIVE 2. That drawing is the best I’ve ever seen! 3. I want those shoes for Christmas. NOUN 4. These are the nicest shoes I’ve ever had. Group 5 Member 2

42 Noun or Adjective? Many words that stand alone as nouns can also be used as adjectives modifying nouns or pronouns. Common Nouns Adjectives cheese cheese sandwich snow snow sculpture winter winter sale weather weather report steel steel girder Proper Nouns Proper Adjectives Choctaw Choctaw tradition Texas Texas coast Picasso Picasso painting Dublin Dublin streets Roosevelt Roosevelt administration

43 Question Tell if the italicized word is a noun or an adjective. I love anything that has to do with baseball. I save the money I make mowing the golf course, and then I go to the card store.

44 Question Tell if the italicized word is a noun or an adjective. I love anything that has to do with baseball. I save the money I make mowing the golf course, and then I go to the card store. Group 5 Member 4

45 Question Tell if the italicized word is a noun or an adjective. I love anything that has to do with baseball. I save the money I make mowing the golf course, and then I go to the card store. Group 6 Member 2

46 Practice #8

47 Articles The most frequently used adjectives are a, an, and the. These words are called articles. A and an = indefinite articles because they refer to any member of a general group. A is used before a consonant sound and AN is used before vowel sounding words. (sounds like consonant -- w) A girl won. They are having a one-day sale. An elephant (sounds like vowel) escaped. This is an honor.

48 Question Tell whether to use a or an in front of the following words: _____ fly _____ European _____ house _____ hour _____ footballer _____ honour

49 Question Tell whether to use a or an in front of the following words: _____ fly _____ European _____ house _____ hour _____ footballer _____ honour Group 3 Member 1

50 Question Tell whether to use a or an in front of the following words: ___a__ fly ___a__ European ___a__ house ___an__ hour ___a__ footballer ___an__ honour Group 3 Member 1

51 Question Find all the adjectives in the sentence and tell which noun(s) or pronoun(s) they modify. Ms. Farrell tells all students that good workers will be given special privileges. A dog, old and overweight, snored in the sun.

52 Question Find all the adjectives in the sentence and tell which noun(s) or pronoun(s) they modify. Ms. Farrell tells all students that good workers will be given special privileges. A dog, old and overweight, snored in the sun. Group 6 Member 2

53 Question Find all the adjectives in the sentence and tell which noun(s) or pronoun(s) they modify. Ms. Farrell tells all students that good workers will be given special privileges. A dog, old and overweight, snored in the sun. Group 6 Member 2

54 Adjectives in SentencesOther words may separate an adjective from the noun or pronoun it modifies. Cheered by the crowd, the band played in an encore. An adjective that is in the predicate and that modifies the subject of a clause or sentence is called a predicate adjective. Beverly was worried. She felt nervous about the play.

55 Practice #9 Hour 7 – Have filled out and need to go over

56 12d The Verb A verb is a word that is used to express action or a state of being. Classified as transitive (action directed toward person, place, thing) and intransitive (tells something about the subject without action passing to a receiver or object). Transitive: Mary mailed the package. Intransitive: After their long walk, the children ate quickly.

57 Practice #10 Hour 1 – Go over last two on handout

58 Action Verbs An action verb expresses either physical or mental action. Action verbs can be transitive or intransitive. Physical Action write describe sit receive arise go mental action remember consider think understand believe know

59 Linking Verbs A linking verb connects the subject to a word or word group that identifies or describes the subject. The most commonly used linking verbs are forms of the verb be Other frequently used linking verbs are appear, grow, seem, stay, become, look, smell, taste, feel, remain, sound, turn Be Shall be Should be being will be would be am has been can be is have been could be are had been should have been was shall have been would have been were will have been could have been

60 Question For each sentence tell if it is used as a linking verb or an action verb. The wet dog smelled horrible. The dog smelled the baked bread. The engineer sounded the horn. The motor sounded harsh. The chef tasted the casserole. The casserole tasted strange.

61 Question For each sentence tell if it is used as a linking verb or an action verb. The wet dog smelled horrible. The dog smelled the baked bread. The engineer sounded the horn. The motor sounded harsh. The chef tasted the casserole. The casserole tasted strange. Group 5 Member 3

62 Question For each sentence tell if it is used as a linking verb or an action verb. The wet dog smelled horrible. Linking The dog smelled the baked bread. Action The engineer sounded the horn. Action The motor sounded harsh. Linking The chef tasted the casserole. Action The casserole tasted strange. Linking Group 5 Member 3

63 Practice #11 Hour 5 done – move on Hour 6 – Needs to do this Hour 7 – Needs to do this

64 Verb Phrases A verb phrase consists of at least one main verb and one or more helping verbs. A helping verb (auxiliary verb) helps the main verb express action or a state of being. Besides all forms of the verb be the following verbs can be used as helping verbs. EX: is leaving may become might have remained had seemed should move must have thought can do has might should could does have must will did had may shall would

65 Note The word not is an adverb and is never part of a verb phrase, even when it is joined to a verb as the contraction –n’t She should not have borrowed that necklace. She shouldn’t have borrowed that necklace.

66 Question Identify the verbs and verb phrases in the following sentences: Dogs will usually eat everything you give them. Generally, cats will stop when they have had enough. After our team has had more practice, we will win.

67 Question Identify the verbs and verb phrases in the following sentences: Dogs will usually eat everything you give them. Generally, cats will stop when they have had enough. After our team has had more practice, we will win. Group 1 Member 4

68 Question Identify the verbs and verb phrases in the following sentences: Dogs will usually eat everything you give them. Generally, cats will stop when they have had enough. After our team has had more practice, we will win. Group 1 Member 4

69 Practice #12

70 Adverbs Modifying VERBS12e Adverb Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs Adverbs tell where, when, how, to what extent (how long or how much. Adverbs Modifying VERBS Where? When? We lived there. Please step up. I have the ticket here. Put that down. May we go tomorrow? Water the plant weekly. We’ll see you later. He arrived early. How? To What Extent? She quickly agreed. The rain fell softly. Drive carefully. Fill the tank completely. He hardly moved. Did she hesitate slightly?

71 Practice #13

72 Adverbs Modifying AdjectivesAlthough many adverbs end in –ly, the –ly, the –ly does not necessarily mean that a word is an adverb. Many adjectives also end in –ly: the daily newspaper or an early train. Beth did an exceptionally fine job. Slightly cooler temperatures are forecast.

73 Practice #14

74 Adverbs Modifying Other AdverbsCalvin was almost never there. The adverb “almost” modifies the adverb “never,” telling to what extent. We’ll meet shortly afterward. The adverb “shortly” modifies the adverb “afterward” telling to what extent.

75 A Noun or Adverb? Tomorrow never seems to arrive. [noun] We will leave tomorrow. [adverb telling when] Think of this place as your home. [noun] He was eager to come home. [adverb telling where]

76 Question Used as noun or adverb? Home is where the heart is. Joe went home.

77 Question Used as noun or adverb? Home is where the heart is. Joe went home. Group 4 Member 2

78 Question Used as noun or adverb? Home is where the heart is. Joe went home. Group 4 Member 2

79 Practice #15

80 12f Preposition A preposition is a word that shows the relationship of a noun or a pronoun to another word. The Saint Bernard slept near my bed. The Saint Bernard slept under my bed. The Saint Bernard slept on my bed. The Saint Bernard slept beside my bed. All words used as prepositions are a part of a prepositional phrase. A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun: The Saint Bernard slept near my big, beautiful, fluffy, gorgeous, but hard to sleep on bed.

81 Question Point out the preposition and the object of the preposition in each of the sentences: Joe went to the nearest store. Is she one of those trailing behind? The kitten hopped into the big paper bag that Anita brought.

82 Question Point out the preposition and the object of the preposition in each of the sentences: Joe went to the nearest store. Is she one of those trailing behind? The kitten hopped into the big paper bag that Anita brought. Group 2 Member 4

83 Question Point out the preposition and the object of the preposition in each of the sentences: Joe went to the nearest store. Is she one of those trailing behind? The kitten hopped into the big paper bag that Anita brought. Group 2 Member 4

84 Practice #16

85 Coordinating Conjunctions Correlative ConjunctionsA conjunction is a word that joins words or word groups. Streets AND sidewalks BOTH Jim Thorpe AND Roberto Clemente were outstanding athletes. Coordinating Conjunctions For And Nor But Or Yet So Correlative Conjunctions both … and either … or whether… or not only… but also neither… nor

86 Question Give the conjunctions in the following sentences and say if they are “coordinating” or “correlative.” We want to go not only to Ontario but also to Quebec. Judy wrote down the number, but she lost it.

87 Question Give the conjunctions in the following sentences and say if they are “coordinating” or “correlative.” We want to go not only to Ontario but also to Quebec. Judy wrote down the number, but she lost it. Group 5 Member 1

88 Question Give the conjunctions in the following sentences and say if they are “coordinating” or “correlative.” We want to go not only to Ontario but also to Quebec. Correlative Judy wrote down the number, but she lost it. Coordinating Group 5 Member 1

89 Practice #17

90 12h Interjection An interjection is a word that expressesemotion. An interjection has no grammatical relation to the rest of the sentence. Since an interjection is not grammatically related to other words in the sentence, it is set off from the rest of the sentence by an exclamation point or by a comma or commas. ah hurrah uh-oh wow aha oh well yahoo boy-oh-boy oops whew yikes hey ouch whoa yippee

91 Question What are the interjections in the following sentences? Hey! Be careful of that wire! There’s a skunk somewhere, ugh! Well, I guess that’s that. I like that outfit, but, wow, it’s really expensive.

92 Question What are the interjections in the following sentences? Hey! Be careful of that wire! There’s a skunk somewhere, ugh! Well, I guess that’s that. I like that outfit, but, wow, it’s really expensive. Group 6 Member 3

93 Question What are the interjections in the following sentences? Hey! Be careful of that wire! There’s a skunk somewhere, ugh! Well, I guess that’s that. I like that outfit, but, wow, it’s really expensive. Group 6 Member 3

94 Question What part of speech is well used in each sentence? At the bottom of the old well were more than five thousand pennies. Whenever the reunion was mentioned, tears of joy would well in her eyes. Well, you may be right. Do you really speak four languages well? Fortunately, the baby is quite well now.

95 Question What part of speech is well used in each sentence? At the bottom of the old well were more than five thousand pennies. Whenever the reunion was mentioned, tears of joy would well in her eyes. Well, you may be right. Do you really speak four languages well? Fortunately, the baby is quite well now. Group 1 Member 3

96 Question What part of speech is well used in each sentence? At the bottom of the old well [noun] were more than five thousand pennies. Whenever the reunion was mentioned, tears of joy would well [verb] in her eyes. Well, [interjection] you may be right. Do you really speak four languages well [adverb]? Fortunately, the baby is quite well [adjective] now. Group 1 Member 3

97 Practice #18

98 The End!