1 Patterns of Evolution Macroevolution- large scale evolutionary patterns and processes that occur over long periods of time. Extinction Adaptive radiation Convergent evolution Coevolution Punctuated equilibrium Changes in developmental genes

2 Extinction More than 99% of species that have ever lived are now extinct -no longer exists on earth Competition for resources/change in environments Can be gradual for individuals or can be catastrophic mass extinctions that affect entire ecosystems

3 Adaptive Radiation When a single species or small group of species evolve into many diverse forms over time. Examples: Mammals evolved, finches evolved

4 Convergent Evolution Unrelated organisms come to resemble each otherAnimals and plants Sharks, dolphins, seals, penguins

5 Coevolution The process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other over time

6 Punctuated EquilibriumLong, stable periods with little change in species interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change

7 Developmental Genes and Body PlansSmall changes in genes can result in large changes in an organism Hox genes - “master control” genes for animal body plans One change in a gene can result in wingless, one pair, or two pairs

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