1 Physics 124: Lecture 6 Projects Adapted from T. Murphy’s lectures
2 The Rubric, Once Again Sense some real-world quantityinput: analog or digital sensor or user input (switches, keypad) Process the information code in software analog processing could play a role Do something externally in reaction to the input and processing LCD display at simple end; controlled motion on the other Phys 124: Lecture 6
3 Phys 124: Lecture 6
4 2014 projects Phys 124: Lecture 6
5 Example (Student) Voting FormPhys 124: Lecture 6
6 Getting Ready Find a partner Bat around project ideasnot committed to stay in initial group Bat around project ideas useful to have several in mind, if you can could be based around a sensor, a technology, an action we’ll look at a variety of examples from the past Create a written, detailed proposal so that we can evaluate the feasibility and level-appropriateness of the project we can suggest expansions or reductions, easier alternatives, or come up with fallback de-scope options you think through what the project needs in advance Phys 124: Lecture 6
7 Proposal Contents Motivation and overall concept Functional definitionthe big picture: why and what Functional definition more detailed description of what the thing should do, and how it will react to all foreseeable operating states/stimuli when you code the behavior, it is this section that defines what you are trying to do Sensors what input devices are you going to use how do they behave and how are they to be used Phys 124: Lecture 6
8 Proposal, Continued Mechanical Considerationsthis is where things can get janky it’s easy to wave this off as not a big issue, but can be the hardest part in getting the project to work well how is the device supported? how are elements attached? what custom pieces will have to be made? out of what material? do we have the necessary materials on hand? Electrical Considerations what elements are needed, and how are they hooked up? analog electronics needs/functions circuit diagram wiring (mechanical aspect: what wires, connectors, etc.) Phys 124: Lecture 6
9 Proposal, continued Interface Software Testing Safetywhat (presumably) Arduino unit? what pins/inputs/outputs are needed? what communications? Software how will the programming go? what are the tricky parts? what libraries might you use? what new capabilities do you need to explore? Testing how easy is it to test performance in the lab? Safety flame, sharp objects, high velocity, high voltage, chemicals, etc. how will you manage safety if these things are involved? Phys 124: Lecture 6
10 Proposal, continued Parts and Reusability Expansion Optionswhat parts do you need? what parts are on hand? what new parts are needed? which parts will be consumed vs. reusable by future projects? are there long lead-time items on the list? Expansion Options what enhancements might you consider if things are going very well? De-scope Options what ambitions might you shed if things are tough fallback positions defining minimum capability Phys 124: Lecture 6
11 Proposal, continued What you will turn in Why all the work?a brief section of the proposal explaining the contents of the report you expect to hand in at the end a well-written proposal can serve as 70% of the final report Why all the work? proposals are a key part of science a spear with which to chase down Mammoths (NSF, NASA, DoE) proposals focus the mind to clearly think through a project the proposal becomes a template or guide to your work helps organize/prioritize actions gives a chance to sync up to class expectations Phys 124: Lecture 6
12 A Template Proposal For the fourth-week lab, we will switch gears a bit and make a mini-project following a proposal-form write-up light-tracker with optical collision sensor/interrupt you get a good example of what a proposal contains you learn more about what a project takes to accomplish, on a smaller scale you are turned loose to apply the skills acquired in first few weeks of the course extra time to turn this in; proposal comes first Phys 124: Lecture 6
13 Due Dates Proposals are due by the end of 5th week; Feb. 10Gives us weekend to read and offer feedback next week You will have about two weeks to work on both the project proposal and the mini-project Don’t worry about a complete report for the mini-project usual functionality check by TA/prof turn in code paragraph about contributions Mini-project due Feb. 14/15 Will stick midterm sometime after these due dates Phys 124: Lecture 6
14 Equipment Needs We have an amazing array of useful junk/partsstart here; much of it is in workshop, but look in cabinets and on shelves in main lab rooms Stuff we don’t have, you either purchase yourself, or UCSD buys do you intend to keep it afterwards? will it be usable/useful in future student projects? is it reasonably-priced? Phys 124: Lecture 6
15 Work Shop You might have access to a workshop with power toolsdangerous: rule is someone else must be in room when you are operating the band-saw, drill-press, sander, hand drill or anything else that could be dangerous Keep it clean! restock drill index after you are done put away tools when you are finished sweep up chips/dust/scraps Phys 124: Lecture 6
16 List of previously used devices/techniquesCompiled by Fred Driscoll; represent instances in past several years; w represents Arduino-based Digital Out many LEDs ww Relay/Valve/Solenoid AC power control (relay) Stepper motor wwwwww Digital In pushbutton/keypad www light break (photogate) w magnetic sensor (present or not) encoder w IR proximity wwwwwww Passive IR (thermal) Phys 124: Lecture 6
17 Components, continued Analog In potentiometer w joystick phototransistor wwww thermistor or RTD w flex strip accelerometer wwwww gyro or compass ww weight RF input power w audio bands coherent detection audio input (yes in past, no records) www audio output (yes in past, no records) w piezo vibration sensor ww Hall sensor (magnetic) w 40 kHz ultrasonic (raw) w Phys 124: Lecture 6
18 Components, continued Analog Out (PWM) LED brightness control wDC motor speed (drive; optoisolated) wwwwwwwwwww motor position (servo) wwwwwwwwwwwwwwww buzz w audio output ww phone line (dial out) w signal conditioning (yes in past, no records) wwww electromagnets/coils (yes in past, no records) ww High current/power (yes in past, no records) ww ESC/brushless DC (no prior records) w Phys 124: Lecture 6
19 Components/techniques, continuedSerial I/O MIDI w I2C protocol Temperature blood pressure PC input Camera ww Sound synthesizer USB RF communications (yes in past, no records) ww Parallel I/O Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) wwwww DAC Phys 124: Lecture 6
20 Components/techniques, continuedTiming RPM echo-distance wwwwww valve time data logging Time Slicing 7-segment display keypad touch-sensitive caps remotes High Current or Voltage kill switches ww power transistors ww opto-isolators ww Phys 124: Lecture 6
21 Some Time Touring Old Projects will have Winter 2016 projects covers Arduino revolution, starting Winter 2013 before 2013: lots of images, and brief descriptions Should also be past project reports to thumb through (in lab 3544, shelves near front of room) more complete descriptions and how they were done Phys 124: Lecture 6