1 Political Systems in Today's World Chapter 25

2 Section 3 International Organizations

3 Two Types Nongovernmental OrganizationsIndividuals and groups outside the scope of government Funded by donations Intergovernmental Organizations Composed of members of national governments Created through agreements

4 The United Nations Established in 1945 3 goalsPreserve world peace and security Encourage nations to deal fairly with one another Help nations cooperate in trying to solve their social and economic problems

5 Structure Main headquarters = New York City General AssemblyControls the budget Discusses, debates and recommends solutions for major international problems

6 2. Security Council 15 nations Makes peacekeeping decisions5 permanent and 10 revolving Makes peacekeeping decisions Very difficult process

7 U.N. Security Council 5 Permanent Members 10 Elected MembersUnited States, United Kingdom, China, Russia, France 10 Elected Members 2016: Angola, Malaysia, New Zealand, Spain, Venezuela 2017: Egypt, Japan, Senegal, Ukraine, Uruguay

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9 4. International Court of Justice3. Secretariat In charge of the day-to-day operations of the UN 4. International Court of Justice Judicial branch of the UN 5. Economic and Social Council Promotes economic and social progress around the world

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11 The European Union Supranatural Organization Created in 1957An organization whose authority overrides the sovereignty of its individual members Created in 1957 Continues to grow today

12 Economic Interests Maastricht Treaty: 1993Original intent was to remove all economic restrictions Maastricht Treaty: 1993 Member nations yield power to the European Union Quasi-government Ability to make and enforce some decisions that apply to all members even though they are sovereign

13 Section 4 Global Issues

14 Challenges No single nation can solve these problemsChallenges the sovereignty of individual nations Requires cooperation between nations

15 What is Terrorism? Definition: The use of violence by non-governmental groups against civilians to achieve a political goal.

16 When a terrorist strikes, their only goal is to injure or kill others.FALSE!! Attacks from terrorists are politically motivated.

18 Examples of Terrorism

19 Reign of Terror: France Sept 5, 1793 – July 28, 1794 16,594 Killed

20 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand: June 28, 1914

25 London Bombings 7/7/05 56 killed 700 injured

26 Paris Attacks: November 13, 2015130 killed 368 injured

29 “One man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom fighter.”

30 International TerrorismDef: The use of violence by non-governmental groups against civilians to achieve a political goal One of the greatest dangers in the world today 300+ attacks per year around the world State-sponsored terrorism: When a government secretly supports terrorism

31 al-Qaeda “The Base” Formed in 1988 Formerly headed by Osama bin LadenDesired to rid the Middle East of Western influence Organized many attacks on American interests Today: War on Terrorism

32 Al-Qaeda Base Countries

33 ISIS Islamic State in Iraq and Syria Created in 2013Splinter group from Al-Qaeda Goal: Create an Islamic state (Caliphate) in the Middle East and beyond Implement strict Sharia Law Known for their brutality and use of social media to spread their message

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35 What are nuclear weapons? Why are nuclear weapons so dangerous? What do you think is meant by the term “Nuclear Proliferation”?

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37 Class Objectives: -Understand and analyze nuclear proliferationNuclear Weapons Essential Question: Why are nuclear weapons a global issue? Class Objectives: -Understand and analyze nuclear proliferation -Comprehend the nuclear capabilities of various countries.

38 Deployment Methods

39 Nuclear Weapons Nuclear Proliferation: The spread of nuclear weapons10 nations are known, or believed to have, nuclear capabilities Non-Proliferation Treaty: 1968 Safe use of nuclear power Don’t provide technology to other nations Encourage disarmament

40 Not as difficult to make nuclear weapons as originally thoughtMakes monitoring more difficult Iran/North Korea

41 Human Rights Def: Basic freedoms and rights that all people, regardless of age, gender, nationality, or ethnicity should enjoy.

42 1948—Universal Declaration of Human RightsLists things a government should NOT do to limit freedoms as well as things they SHOULD do for people Many international organizations have been established to protect human rights

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44 The Environment Challenges: Goal: Sustainable DevelopmentRapid population growth Consumption of natural resources Pollution Goal: Sustainable Development Continue economic growth and development without destroying the environment or depleting natural resources

45 Benefits of Chinese Smog1. It unifies the Chinese people.  2. It makes China more equal.  3. It raises citizen awareness of the cost of China’s economic development.  4. It makes people funnier.  5. It makes people more knowledgeable (of things like meteorology and the English word haze).

46 Osama bin Laden Born 1957 in Saudi Arabia Founder of Al-QaedaDied May 2, 2011 in Pakistan