1 Popular Database Management SystemsPopular DBMSs for end users: Microsoft’s Access and FileMaker Pro Database as a Service (DaaS): Emerging database system Database administration is provided by the service provider The database is stored on a service provider’s servers and accessed by the client over a network Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

2 Special-Purpose Database SystemsSome specialized database packages are used for specific purposes or in specific industries Rex-Book from Urbanspoon Morphbank (www.morphbank.net): Allows researchers to continually update and expand a library of over 96,000 biological images Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

3 Selecting a Database Management SystemImportant characteristics of databases to consider: Database size Database cost Concurrent users Performance Integration Vendor Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

4 Using Databases with Other SoftwareDBMSs can act as front-end or back-end applications: Front-end applications interact directly with people Back-end applications interact with other programs or applications Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

5 Database ApplicationsToday’s database applications manipulate the content of a database to produce useful information Common manipulations: Searching, filtering, synthesizing, and assimilating data contained in a database using a number of database applications Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

6 Linking Databases to the InternetSemantic Web: Developing a seamless integration of traditional databases with the Internet Provides metadata with all Web content using technology called the Resource Description Framework (RDF) Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

7 Data Warehouses, Data Marts, and Data MiningDatabase that holds business information from many sources in the enterprise Data mart: Subset of a data warehouse Data mining: Information-analysis tool that involves the automated discovery of patterns and relationships in a data warehouse Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

8 Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

9 Data Warehouses, Data Marts, and Data Mining (continued)Predictive analysis: Form of data mining that combines historical data with assumptions about future conditions to predict outcomes of events Used by retailers to upgrade occasional customers into frequent purchasers Software can be used to analyze a company’s customer list and a year’s worth of sales data to find new market segments Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

10 Data Warehouses, Data Marts, and Data Mining (continued)Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

11 Business IntelligenceInvolves gathering enough of the right information: In a timely manner and usable form and analyzing it to have a positive impact on business strategy, tactics, or operations Competitive intelligence: Limited to information about competitors and the ways that knowledge affects strategy, tactics, and operations Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

12 Business Intelligence (continued)Counterintelligence: Steps organization takes to protect information sought by “hostile” intelligence gatherers Data loss prevention (DLP): Refers to systems designed to lock down data within an organization Powerful tool for counterintelligence A necessity in complying with government regulations that require companies to safeguard private customer data Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

13 Distributed DatabasesDatabase in which the data may be spread across several smaller databases connected via telecommunications devices Gives corporations more flexibility in how databases are organized and used Replicated database: Holds a duplicate set of frequently used data Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

14 Distributed Databases (continued)Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

15 Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)Software that allows users to explore data from a number of different perspectives Provides top-down, query-driven data analysis Requires repetitive testing of user-originated theories Requires a great deal of human ingenuity and interaction with the database to find information Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

16 Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) (continued)Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

17 Object-Relational Database Management SystemsObject-oriented database: Stores both data and its processing instructions Uses an object-oriented database management system (OODBMS) to provide a user interface and connections to other programs Object-relational database management system (ORDBMS): Provides the ability for third parties to add new data types and operations to the database Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

18 Visual, Audio, and Other Database SystemsVisual databases: Can be stored in some object-relational databases or special-purpose database systems Virtual database systems: Allow different databases to work together as a unified database system Spatial data technology: Using database to store and access data according to the locations it describes Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

19 Summary Data: Entity: Traditional file-oriented applications:One of the most valuable resources that a firm possesses Entity: Generalized class of objects for which data is collected, stored, and maintained Traditional file-oriented applications: Often characterized by program-data dependence Relational model: Places data in two-dimensional tables Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

20 Summary (continued) DBMS:Group of programs used as an interface between a database and its users and other application programs Basic functions: Providing user views Creating and modifying the database Storing and retrieving data Manipulating data and generating reports Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

21 Summary (continued) Data warehouses: Data mining:Relational database management systems specifically designed to support management decision making Data mining: Automated discovery of patterns and relationships in a data warehouse Business intelligence: Process of getting enough of the right information in a timely manner and usable form Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition