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2 Power of the Image

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4 Lebanon bombed by Israel (Reuters) Fake or Real?

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6 Iranian Missile Test Fake or Real?

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9 Real or Fake?

10 Fake or Real?

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12 Al-Ahram, the state-run newspaper in Egypt

13 “Brown Lady Ghost” 1936 Superimposing 2 PicsInvolved time- consuming dark room tricks

14 History Photo Manipulators: Why manipulate photos?Stalin, Mao, Hilter, Mussolini, Castro and Brezhnev Why manipulate photos? Make one look more heroic Erase enemies Propaganda Media Stunts Greed

15 What’s wrong here?

16 Look at light directions

18 Lighting Discrepancies

19 Clues of Fakes Lighting Eye PositionsSee differences in lighting direction amongst pieced parts Look also for shadow discrepancies (size, shape and direction) Eye Positions Twinkles in eyes (Specular Highlights) Look for consistency in the shape, color and location of these reflections

20 Specular Highlights

21 Twinkle Science Twinkles of American Idol Cast in Pic

22 Clues of Fake 4. Copy and Paste (Cloning) Bush Rally

23 Flight 370

24 Cloning in Movies

25 Clues of Fakes 5. Retouching (Modification of Image)

26 Reuters retouched this image from a meeting of the United Nations Security Council in 2005The contrast of the notepad was adjusted to improve its readability

27 Camera Fingerprints Each type of digital camera has a light sensor that records an image in a set pixel pattern Can determine make and model of camera from photo Each camera produces individual “noise”

28 “Noise”

29 Clues of Fakes 6. Gross Logic ErrorsSmoke blowing in two different directions from side by side smoke stacks Army soldier wearing navy insignia Watchmaker with pipe wrenches in work area

30 Digital Imagery and LawPolice Chief David Harrison Charged with possession of child porn Cleared because he said State could not prove the images to be real! 2002 US Supreme Court ruled “virtual” or “computer generated” images of child porn constitutionally protected

31 Digital Imagery and Law2005 Judge in Sydney, Australia threw out a speeding case when police had no proof to show that a traffic camera image was not doctored.

32 Red Light Ticket

33 Smartphone cameras and and GPS“Geotagging” iPhone or an Android phone.. you need to give the camera app access to the GPS data, so it can store it with your photo

34 Goes along with the image…

35 EXIF Reading Software

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37 EXIR Software