1 Promoting Scientific Culture: a Review of Public Policies in Ibero-American Countries Human and Social Dynamics (HSD) Research Seminar Series “The role of the Social Sciences in Science Engagement” PRETORIA – 10 March 2015 Dra. CARINA CORTASSA REDES. Center for Studies in Science, Development and Higher Education. URL: http://www.centroredes.org.ar/http://www.centroredes.org.ar/ Buenos Aires. Argentina
2 At the rethorical level of sectorial laws and current policy plans in each context At the institutional level of governing bodies At the practical level of the concrete actions promoted, supported and/or executed by each agency How is the promotion of Scientific Culture integrated in the public policies for STI in the context of Ibero-American countries?
3 Methodology Documental analysis / Desk review Focus: 22 countries members of the Ibero-American community First stage (September-December 2013): Identification of the STI agencies by countries (STI Policies’ Platform: http://www.politicascti.net/)http://www.politicascti.net/ Location of the current STI policy documentspolicy documents Survey of promoted actions by these agencies that responded to key words like: scientific culture, science (and technology) communication, popularisation, social appropriation. Second Stage (January-July 2014): Information update and verification with key informants
4 Visibility and Institutionality of the Scientific Culture in the STI Policies 19 countries (out of 22) show some degree of interest in the foster of scientific culture and public engagement with science Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Spain, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Uruguay and Venezuela. 17 countries explicitly refer to the topic in their STI laws and/or recent policy documents 17 countries 11 countries have a specific government office responsible for these activities 11 countries 18 countries have at least 1 concrete action 18 countries These variables are not always concordant: references in documents and/or the existence of a particular agency not necessarily imply practical actions, neither the absence of the former implies lack of activity.
5 The polysemy in the policies’ documents Appropriation Scientific culture Dissemination Popularisation Communication Public awareness Socialization Visibility Scientific literacy
6 Actions and tools to incentivate Scientific Culture Naturalistic approach The survey included all the actions and tools that the corresponding agencies and programs considered part of its strategies in the area, without adopting any a priori normative stance of what it is and what it is not relevant to the point TABLE 1. COUNTRIES AND ACTIONS CountryActions Portugal17 Chile17 Argentina16 Brazil15 Mexico11 Colombia11 Costa Rica11 Spain9 Venezuela9 Uruguay7 Panama6 Bolivia5 Guatemala5 Peru5 Cuba4 Paraguay3 Ecuador2 El Salvador1 Total154
7 Practical Discourses Brazil Argentina Practical Discourses Portugal Chile Spain Colombia Costa Rica Uruguay Paraguay Bolivia-Peru Mexico Project Practices and Values of the Social Communication of Science in Ibero-America Dominican Rep. Venezuela Panama Guatemala Ecuador El Salvador Chart 1. Qualitative distribution of the countries according to their rethoric and practical interest in SC
8 How to classify the diversity of registered actions?
9 CRITERIACATEGORY (I) Modality 1. Awards and contests 2. Competitive funds 3. School activities 4. Events 5. Own media and/or products of Sci Comm and Culture 6. Perception surveys 7. Others (II) Involvement of the Govt. Agency 1. Direct 2. Collaborative 3. Indirect (III) Intentionality 1. Popularisation of knowledge 2. Pedagogical-Educative 3. Promotion of human resources in Sci Comm and Culture 5. Research 6. Public hearing and participation 7. Others (IV) Target Audience 1. General 2. Children and adolescents 3. College students 4. Scientific institutions and communities 5. Journalists, content producers 6. Specific groups and minorities 7. Diverse audiences 8. Not possible to identify
10 TABLE 2 – MODALITY OF THE ACTIONS MODALITIESCases% Awards and Contests3926% Events3623% School Activities2315% Own media and products1913% Competitive Funds139% Perception Surveys127,5% Others127,5% Total154100%
11 PARTNERS educative and/or scientific institutions (28 cases) other governmental agencies (13) international institutions (13) other national institutions (9) collaborative networks that gather several public and private organisms, national or international (22) Table 3. INVOLVEMENT OF THE GOVT. AGENCIES ParticipationCases% Collaborative8556% Direct5636% Indirect138% Total154100%
12 TABLE 4 – INTENTIONALITY IntencionalityCases% * Popularisation of knowledge 6642% Pedagogical-Educative4932% Promotion of human resources in SC 2818% Research138,5% Public hearing and participation 21% Others149% *Activites can have more than a single intention, thus percentages exceed the 100%.
13 TABLE 5 –TARGET AUDIENCES AudiencesCases% General5334% Children and adolescentes3221% Diverse audiences2617% Scientific institutions and communities1812% Journalists, content producers138% Specific groups and minorities64% College students21,5% Not possible to identify42,5% Total154100%
14 Conclud … Opening remarks Encouraging signs Growing visibility and institutionality of the Scientific Culture among the official STI agencies in the region In some countries, activities are numerous and varied and show a certain degree of continuity Heterogeneity In the terms and applied concepts (not always comparable) In the practices grouped under those labels
15 Future agenda An in-depth debate about the goal/s of improving Scientific Culture: the empowerment of citizens or the achievement of their support for the STI development? How to make both levels converge? Discussion about the coherence between goals, means, ends, strategies and promoted contents for SC Conceptual clarifications and agreements regarding the concepts of scientific culture, appropriation, popularisation, communication… in order to be able to operationalise them in a set of indicators that allows to assess the impact of the activities and to facilitate the comparison of the initiatives in the region and other contexts. Conclud … Opening remarks
16 Thanks for your attention Dra. Carina Cortassa. Observatorio CTS / OEI - Centro REDES Contacto:[email protected]@centroredes.org.ar
17 TABLE. Visibility and institutionality of Scientific Culture in the frame of STI Public Policies in Ibero-American Countries COUNTRY SC is mentioned in the STI Law and/or current policy document Agency responsible for SCActivities ARGENTINA Law 25.467 / 2001. Innovative Argentina 2020. National Plan for STI. Strategic guidelines 2012-2015. National Program of Popularisation of STI Yes BRAZIL National Strategy for STI 2012 – 2015 * Departament of Popularisation and Dissemination of S&T Yes COLOMBIA Law 1286 / 2009. Document CONPES 3582/2009. National Policy for STI Networks of Knowledge Dept. ONDAS Program Yes SPAIN Law 14/2011. Spanish Strategy for STI 2013- 2020 Dept. of Scientific Culture. Spanish Foundation for S&T (FECYT) Yes GUATEMALA National Plan for STI 2005 – 2014. National Program for the dissemination, popularisation and transfer of STI Yes MEXICO Law of S&T 2002 Program fo S&T 2008-2012 Dept. of Popularisation and Dissemination of S&T Yes
18 TABLE. Visibility and institutionality of Scientific Culture in the frame of STI Public Policies in Ibero-American Countries COUNTRY SC is mentioned in the STI Law and/or current policy document Agency responsible for SCActivities PANAMA Law 13 / 1997 (mod. 2005) National Strategic Plan for STI 2010-2014 Dept. for Innovation in LearningYes PORTUGAL Activities Plan of the National Foundation for S&T 2013 y 2014. Science Alive. National Agency for Scientific and Technological Culture Yes URUGUAY National Strategic Plan for STI 2010 Departament of Scientific Culture Yes VENEZUELA Organic Law of STI/2010. National Plan for STI 2005- 2030. Visibility and Popularisation of Sciences Unit Yes COSTA RICA La4 7169 / 1996. National Plan for STI 2011-2014 --Yes ECUADORStrategic Plan 2009-2015--Yes PERU Law 28303/2004. National Strategic Plan for STI 2006-2021 --Yes
19 TABLE. Visibility and institutionality of Scientific Culture in the frame of STI Public Policies in Ibero-American Countries COUNTRY SC is mentioned in the STI Law and/or current policy document Agency responsible for SCActivities BOLIVIA Law 2209/2001. National Plan for Development 2006-2011 --Yes EL SALVADOR National Plan for the Scientific and Technological Development 2010-2014 --Yes CHILE-- ** EXPLORA. National Program of Popularisation and Appreciation of S&T Yes CUBA-- Yes DOMINICAN REP. Strategic Plan for STI 2008-2018--No Project Practices and Values of the Social Communication of Science in Ibero-America.
20 Modalities of Actions by Countries Country Awards & Contests Events School Activities Media and products Competitive Funds SurveysOthersTotal Portugal551131117 Chile245321017 Argentina642121016 Brazil812111115 Colombia221121211 Costa Rica323001211 Mexico320311111 Spain11131119 Venezuela02041119 Uruguay21300107 Panama02200116 Bolivia12100015 Guatemala13000015 Peru12200005 Cuba11020004 Paraguay21000003 Ecuador10000102 El Salvador01000001 Total393623191312 154
21 Intentionality of the Actions by Countries CountryPopularisaton Pedagogical -Educative Promotion of HR Research Public Participation Others Argentina871102 Bolivia222000 Brazil532105 Chile872101 Colombia432210 Costa Rica243101 Cuba202000 Ecuador000101 Spain720100 Guatemala212001 Mexico632101 Panama131100 Paraguay003000 Peru231000 Portugal763102 Uruguay241100 Venezuela710110 El Salvador100000
22 Involvement of the Govt. Agencies by Countries CountryCollaborativeDirectIndirectTotal Portugal132217 Chile77317 Argentina86216 Brazil68115 Colombia72211 Costa Rica65011 Mexico46111 Spain4419 Venezuela5319 Uruguay5207 Panama4206 Bolivia5005 Guatemala1405 Peru5005 Cuba3104 Paraguay2103 Ecuador0202 El Salvador0101 Total855613154
23 Documents and laws referenced ARGENTINA Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva (2013). Argentina Innovadora 2020. Plan Nacional de CTI. Lineamientos estratégicos 2012-2015. Ley Ley 25.467 / 2001. Sistema Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación BOLIVIA Ministerio de Planificación del Desarrollo (2007). Plan Nacional de Desarrollo. Lineamientos estratégicos 2006-2011. Ley 2209/2001. Ley de Fomento de la Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación. BRASIL Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, Brasil (2012). Estratégia Nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação 2012 – 2015 CHILE Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica - CONICYT (2010). Ciencia y tecnología en Chile: ¿PARA QUÉ? Ministerio de Economía, Fomento y Turismo (2010a). Agenda de Innovación y Competitividad 2010-2020. Ministerio de Economía, Fomento y Turismo (2010b). Política Nacional de Innovación 2010-2014.
24 COLOMBIA Consejo Nacional de Política Económica y Social de Colombia - CONPES (2009). Política Nacional de CTI Política Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología. Documento CONPES 3582/2009 Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación – Colciencias (2006). Plan Nacional de Desarrollo CTI 2007-2019. Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación - Colciencias (2010). Estrategia Nacional de Apropiación Social de la Ciencia, la Tecnología y la Innovación. Ley 1286 de 2009 COSTA RICA Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (2011). Plan Nacional de CTI 2011-2014. Ley 7169 / 1996 de Promoción del Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (reformada y actualizada en 2005). ECUADOR Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Ecuador (2009). Plan Estratégico 2009-2015. Ley Orgánica de Educación Superior de 2010. Documents and laws referenced
25 ESPAÑA Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (2013). Estrategia Española de Ciencia y Tecnología y de Innovación 2013 – 2020. Ley 14/2011 de la Ciencia, la Tecnología y la Innovación. El SALVADOR Ministerio de Educación. Vice Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (2010). Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico 2010-2014. Decreto 343/2013 Ley de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico. GUATEMALA Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (2005). Plan Nacional de CTI 2005 – 2014 Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (2007). Programa Nacional para la Difusión, Divulgación, Popularización y Transferencia de CTI Decreto 63-1991 Ley de Promoción del Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico Nacional. MÉXICO Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (2008). Programa Especial de C&T 2008- 2012. Ley de Ciencia y Tecnología 2002 (última reforma: 2013). Documents and laws referenced
26 PANAMÁ Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (2010). Plan Estratégico Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación 2010-2014 Ley 13/1997 para el Desarrollo de la Ciencia, la Tecnología y la Innovación. PARAGUAY Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (2014). Libro Blanco de los Lineamientos para una Política de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación del Paraguay. Ley 2279/2003 Ley General de Ciencia y Tecnología. PERÚ Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica (2006). Plan Nacional Estratégico de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Competitividad y el Desarrollo Humano 2006-2021 Ley 28303 / 2004. Ley Marco de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica. PORTUGAL Ministério da Educação e Ciência. Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (2013) Plano de Atividades 2013.Ciência Ministério da Educação e Ciência. Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (2014) Relatorio de Atividades FCT 2013Ciência Documents and laws referenced
27 REPÚBLICA DOMINICANA Secretaría de Estado de Educación Superior, Ciencia y Tecnología (2008). Plan Estratégico de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación 2008-2018. Ley 139 / 2001 de Educación Superior, Ciencia y Tecnología URUGUAY Gabinete Ministerial de la Innovación (2010). Plan Estratégico Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación. VENEZUELA Ministerio del Poder Popular para Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (2005). Plan Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación 2005-2030 Ley Orgánica de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (LOCTI) de 2010. Documents and laws referenced