1 Real-Time Beyond the Horizon Vessel DetectionHugh J. Roarty Michael Smith Scott M. Glenn Donald E. Barrick

2 Talk Outline Introduction to RUCOOL Introduction of HF radarApplication of HF radar for Search and Rescue (SAR) Use of HF radar for vessel detection Real-time results for NY Harbor

3 Coastal Ocean Observation LabRutgers University Coastal Ocean Observation Lab Satellite Data Acquisition Stations CODAR Network Glider Fleet 3-D Forecasts

4 Introduction to hf Radar

5 CODAR Compact HF Radar Antennas25 MHz 13 MHz 5 MHz Combined Transmitter & Receiver Separate Transmitter & Receiver FMCW Doppler Radar Average Power 50 watts

6 Standard CODAR Shore Site: Shed, Enclosure, Tx/Rx, Comms, Power, GPS, AISmonitor computer & external hard drive A.C. unit UPS system transmitter receiver Two lines of Communication Shed Enclosure Lightning Protection

7 Surface Current Mapping Capability25 MHz Radar l: 12 m Ocean l: 6 m Range: 30 km Resolution: 1 km 13 MHz Radar l: 23 m Ocean l: 12 m Range: 80 km Resolution: 3 km 05 MHz Radar l: 60m Ocean l: 30 m Range: 180 km Resolution: 6 km

8 1000 km Alongshore Length ScaleMid-Atlantic Bight HF Radar Network 1000 km Alongshore Length Scale Mid-Atlantic HF Radar Network 16 Long-Range CODARs 8 Medium-Range CODARs 17 Short-Range CODARs 41 Total Triple Nested & Multistatic

9 Winter Storm Nemo February 9, 2013

10 Application of hf Radar to Search and Rescue

11 Transition Success Stories – Making a Difference Optimizing HF Radar for SAR using USCG Surface Drifters Art Allen U.S. Coast Guard Scott Glenn Rutgers University Mid-Atlantic Regional Association Coastal Ocean Observing System

12 HF Radar (Measurements)SAROPS Test Case Virtual Drifters + 1 Real Drifter (Black Line): Search Area After 96 Hours 154 km 100 km HYCOM (Low Conf) 48 hours 232 km 123 km HYCOM (Ocean model) Search Area: 36,000 km2 HF Radar (Measurements) Search Area: 12,000 km2

13 hf Radar for Vessel Detection

14 Vessel Detection Capability25 MHz Range: 11 nmi Height >10 ft 13 MHz Range: 43 nmi Size: >19 ft 05 MHz Range: 65 nmi Size: >49 ft

15 Doppler Spectra from all Range Cells with Detection Threshold above Background Applied Doppler Frequency (Target Speed) Range Bragg Waves Fixed Objects & Direct Signals Vessel

16 Range (km) Radial Velocity (m/s) Bearing (°CWN) Step 1 Raw DetectionsFrom each HFR: Radial Velocity (most accurate) Range Bearing (least accurate) Range (km) Radial Velocity (m/s) Bearing (°CWN)

17 The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)DHS Center of Excellence for Port Security 10 Institutions – Maritime Domain Awareness & Resiliency Maritime Domain Awareness Approach – Dual Use Technologies Demonstrate Nested Vessel Detection Global > Approaches > Port University of Miami – Global Satellite Coverage, Visible & Microwave Rutgers University – Over-the-Horizon Compact High Frequency Radar Networks Stevens Institute of Technology – Local High-Resolution Optics & Shallow Underwater Acoustics

18 NY HARBOR RECENT RESULTS

19 GPS Track YM Los Angeles19

20 Pepper Plot Detections on a Map 20

21 Association of GPS with Detections21

22 NY HARBOR 2012 RESULTS

23 Detections Overlaid on AISJune 11, 2012 06:00-07:00 GMT Median Background 512 pt. FFT 14 dB SNR detection threshold 13 vessels on AIS

24 Detections Overlaid on AISJune 11, 2012 07:00-08:00 GMT Median Background 512 pt. FFT 14 dB SNR detection threshold 12 vessels on AIS

25 HF Radar Detections NOT on AIS31% of HF Radar Detections NOT on AIS Approaches to New York Harbor 16 Vessels per Hour in HFR 5 Vessels NOT on AIS

26 Calusa Coast Test Case

27 Location Error (km) 5 10 15 Intersecting Ranges

28 National hf Radar network

29 NOAA National Network: Existing SitesAlaska - 3 NOAA National Network: Existing Sites Puerto Rico - 2 CONUS - 104 Hawaii - 3

30 NOAA National Network: Proposed SitesAlaska - 17 NOAA National Network: Proposed Sites Puerto Rico - 20 CONUS - 262 Pacific Islands - 21

31 Conclusions Next StepsHF radar being used by Coast Guard for Search and Rescue Can also be used for Maritime Domain Awareness Next Steps Utilize bistatic data Develop tracker for detections Questions?