1 reason why each drug mayThink of one harmful effect, and one beneficial reason why each drug may be used.

2 Click and Reveal! COCAINE CANNABIS CAFFEINE Sexism 5 HEROIN STEROIDSBENEFIT This drug is used at the dentist for pain relief HARMFUL high blood pressure, cardiac arrest, addiction PARACETAMOL BENEFITS pain relief HARMFUL can cause liver damage and death if correct dosage is not followed. BENEFITS can relax When used in moderation HARMFUL liver damage, throat cancer,addiction ALCOHOL BENEFICIAL relaxes you HARMFUL loss of coordination, bronchitis, Lung cancer CANNABIS Click and Reveal! CAFFEINE BENEFITS keeps you alert,stimulent. HARMFUL can cause insomnia and mood swings Sexism 5 HEROIN BENEFITS used in medicine and anaesthetics HARMFUL coma and death BENEFITS reduce inflammation and swelling HARMFUL can stunt growth and change your appearance STEROIDS

3 Drugs in sport and alcoholLearning objectives Describe the effects of alcohol use on the body and society. Can drugs ‘enhance performance’ in sport? Is the use of steroids in sport unethical?

4 Drugs in sport Evaluate the use of drugs to enhance performance in sport. Consider the ethical issues of performance enhancing drugs. Describe some effects and risks of these drugs.

5 WHO’S WHO

6 1. Lee Bowyer – Football – Marijuana 21. Lee Bowyer – Football – Marijuana 2. Dwain Chambers – Athletics – THG (tetrahydrogestrinone – Anabolic steriod) 3. Linford Christie – Athletics – Nandrolone (Anabolic Steroid) 4. Rio Ferdinand – Football – Missed test 5. Ed Giddins – Cricket – Cocaine (Pain Killer) 7. Alain Baxter – Alpine Skiing – Methamphetamine (stimulants) 8. Shane Warne – Cricket – Diuretics 9. Marion Jones – Athletics – THG 10. Ben Johnson – Athletics – Stanozolol (Anabolic steroid)

7 Performance enhancing drugsThis is known as doping. Many performance-enhancing drugs are banned by sports' governing bodies. These are taken to gain an unfair advantage. It is illegal & is often harmful. All of these drugs are banned.

8 Why do performers take drugs

9 Social Reasons: Pressure to win, earn money, fear of losingPhysiological Reasons: to build muscles, increase energy, lose weight, reduce tiredness Examples: Painkillers - masks athletes pain Anabolic Steroids - growth of muscle Sedatives - steady hands and good aim Beta blockers Diuretics Narcotic analgesics Stimulants Peptide Hormones (erythropoietin/EPO Social Reasons: Pressure to win, earn money, fear of losing Examples: Nicotine Alcohol Caffeine Cannabis Cocaine

10 WHY YOU SHOUDN’T TAKE DRUGS IN SPORT

11 BEING A BAD ROLE MODEL Competitive Reasons: Unfair advantageReflects bad on sport Health Reasons: Addiction Lower life expectancy Organ Disease Legal Reasons! BEING A BAD ROLE MODEL

12 Male Athletes

14 Anabolic Steroids

15 Anabolic Steroids Drugs that mimic the male sex hormonetestosterone and promote bone and muscle growth The most commonly used to enhance performance in sport, because they produce improvement quickly They increase muscle mass and develop bone growth, therefore increasing strength while at the same time allowing the athlete to train hard and recover quicker

16 Anabolic Steroids stomach aches, jaundice, muscle tears,Steroids increase aggression and some athletes take it mainly for this reason. The other side effects for anabolic steroids include: acne aggression cardiovascular disease palpitations enlarged heart cancer decreased blood clotting ability headaches anxiety depression impotence deepening of voice and growth of facial hair increased risk of stroke and heart attack liver disease stomach aches, jaundice, muscle tears, enlarged prostate, premature hair loss, stunted growth, immune system suppression, insomnia, sterility, and anaphylactic shock increased risk of muscle injury infertility in women death high blood pressure

17 Beta Blockers

18 Beta Blockers

19 Beta Blockers Drugs that are used to control the heartrate and have a calming and relaxing effect Commonly prescribed for people with heart problems as they maintain a low heart rate and lower blood pressure. As a result stress levels and anxiety are reduced Used in target sports where steadiness and precision are required, because they reduce the heart rate

20 Beta Blockers Beta Blockers can reduce a fit person’sheart rate to a dangerous level. The other side-effects of beta blockers include: - Nausea and diarrhoea - Tiredness - Depression - Insomnia and nightmares

21 Diuretics

22 Diuretics

23 Diuretics Drugs that elevate the rate of urine reductionCertain foods are natural diuretics, but some synthetic diuretics are banned Diuretics increase the amount of urine produced and increase kidney function, therefore speeding up the elimination of fluid from the body This can help performers who need to lose weight, such as boxers and jockeys.

24 Diuretics Diuretics are also taken to reduce theconcentration of other banned substances in the urine. The side effects of diuretics include: - Dehydration - Dizziness and nausea - Muscle cramps - Kidney failure

26 Narcotic Analgesics

27 Narcotic Analgesics Drugs that can be used to relieve painThese are used more commonly in combat sports as well as used to return to sport more quickly after injury These drugs act by depressing the central nervous system and give relief from pain injuries However by allowing an injured player to take part, can increase the risk of severe injury

28 Narcotic Analgesics As well as heightening the risk of gettinglonger lasting injuries, the side effects of narcotic analgesics include: - Loss of concentration - Loss of balance - Loss of coordination - Emotional effects, including hallucinations

30 Stimulants

31 Stimulants

32 Stimulants Drugs that have an effect on the centralnervous system, such as increased mental and/or physical alertness This group includes amphetamines, ephedrine, and cocaine as well as caffeine and nicotine They increase alertness by stimulating the CNS and help overcome tiredness

33 Stimulants Stimulants are also used recreationallyas well as to enhance performance, the side effects of stimulants include: - Insomnia - Irritability - Irregular heart beat - Increased heart rate - High blood pressure - Addiction

34 Peptide Hormones & EPO

35 Peptide Hormones & EPO

36 Peptide Hormones & EPO Drugs that cause other hormones to be producedAs well as increasing muscle growth and helping with recovery, they increase the number of red blood cells, allow the body to carry extra oxygen We produce hormones naturally, but they can be synthetically produced by drugs

37 Peptide Hormones & EPO Human growth hormones (HGH)increase muscle development, which is why these are used by several sports participants HGH is thought to have fewer side-effects than steroids Erythropoietin (EPO) is used to treat people with anaemia and it increases the production of red blood cells and therefore the amount of haemoglobin available to take up oxygen

38 Alcohol Objectives Describe the effects of alcohol on the human body and behaviour

39

40 Binge drinking awarenessBinge drinking girl Binge drinking boy Unseen damage

41 Effects of Alcohol Barney and Homer go to Moe’s.They each have 7 pints of Duff. What short term effects does alcohol have on each of them?

42 ALCOHOL Short term effects Long term effects

43 Short term effects of alcoholThe short term effects of alcohol include; Sleepiness Altered judgment Poor balance Poor muscle control Blurred vision Slurred speech

44 Long term effects The long-term effects of alcohol include;Damage to the liver, heart, lungs, stomach and brain (amongst others) The liver removes alcohol from the bloodstream, as it is a toxic chemical. Over time, alcohol consumption can lead to liver damage - cirrhosis.

45 A Healthy Liver

47

48 The brain Alcohol abuse can lead to damage to the cells in the brain

49 Areas of the Brain Affected by AlcoholCortex – responsible for conscious thought & actions Medulla – controls breathing & heart rate Cerebellum – controls movement & posture

50 The heart Alcohol in large amounts damages the heart.It also damages arteries and make can cause blockages This can lead to a heart attack or stroke

51 The lungs Alcohol makes you more likely to catch chest infectionsAn overdose of alcohol can stop you breathing

53

54 Alcohol The alcohol in alcoholic drinks, such as wines beers and spirits is called ethanol. I think alcohol is a [stimulant/depressant] because………..

55 Alcohol is a depressant as it slows down the functioning of the nervous systemWhat is the maximum number of beers you should drink in a week according to government guidelines? Man Woman

56 How many units? 3

57 How many units? 2

58 How many units? 2

59 How many units? 2 Most glasses sold now are largeglasses that are in fact 3 units

60 How many units? 1.5

61 How many units? 1

62 No more than 14 units in a week

63 Look at the tables belowLook at the tables below. Choose the correct letter from the ‘Descriptions and consequences’ list and write it in the appropriate box in the ‘Drug’ list. Letter Drug Description Alcohol A Addictive and causes most drug-related deaths in the UK Tobacco B Hallucinogen – causes major psychological problems Cannabis C Addictive, attacks liver and brain, causes social problems. A depressant LSD D Mildly addictive, present in tea, cola and coffee. A stimulant Caffeine E Seen as a soft drug but can lead to psychological difficulties Heroin F Calming drugs, can be addictive Tranquillisers G Very addictive, leads to many social problems

64 Answers Look at the tables below. Choose the correct letter from the ‘Descriptions and consequences’ list and write it in the appropriate box in the ‘Drug’ list. Letter Drug Description C Alcohol A Addictive and causes most drug-related deaths in the UK Tobacco B Hallucinogen – causes major psychological problems E Cannabis Addictive, attacks liver and brain, causes social problems. A depressant. LSD D Mildly addictive, present in tea, cola and coffee. A stimulant Caffeine Seen as a soft drug but can lead to serious psychological difficulties G Heroin F Calming drugs, can be addictive Tranquillisers Very addictive, leads to many social problems