1 Repaso 2013

2 Definite and indefinite articles El, la, los, las – the Un / una – a / an Unos / unas – some

3 Posessive Adjectives Mi / mis – my Tu / tus – your (familiar) Su / sus – your (formal), his, her, their Nuestro (a) nuestros (as) – our

4 Nouns -o masculine -a feminine Exceptions: el día, el mapa, la mano, la radio -sión, ción, dad, tad, tud, umbre are feminine -ma are masculine Days of the week, colors, languages, and cardinal points are masculine.

5 Practice 1.The dog 2.Our house 3.Their towel 4.An apple 5.The key 6.My ticket 7.The price 8.A book 9.My shoe 10.Our school 11.Her laptop 12. a telephone card 13.My class 14.Your breakfast 15.Our food 1.The dress 2.The mall 3.A bedroom 4.A gas station 5.My scarf 6.Their ball 7.Our teacher 8.An egg 9.His name 10.My country 11.His dinner 12.The pencil 13.My e-mail address 14.A slice 15.The bill

6 Answer key 1.El perro 2.Nuestra casa 3.Su toalla 4.Una manzana 5.La llave 6.Mi boleto / mi billete 7.El precio 8.Un libro 9.Mi zapato 10.Nuestra escuela 11.Su portátil 12.Una tarjeta telefónica 13.Mi clase 14.Su / tu desayuno 15.Nuestra comida 1.el vestido 2.el centro comercial 3.una recámara, habitación, alcoba / un dormitorio, cuarto de dormir 4.una gasolinera 5.mi bufanda 6.Su balón 7.Nuestra maestra, profesora / nuestro maestro, profesor 8.Un huevo 9.Su nombre 10.Mi país 11.Su cena 12.El lápiz 13.Mi dirección de correo electrónico 14.Una tajada / rebanada 15.La cuenta

7 Making nouns plural Ending in a vowel, add s Ending in consonant add – es Ending in z, change z to c then add - es

8 Practice 1.The dogs 2.Our houses 3.Their towels 4.some apples 5.The keys 6.My tickets 7.The prices 8.some books 9.My shoes 10.Our schools 11.Her laptops 12. some telephone cards 13.My classes 14.Your breakfast 15.Our food 1.The dresses 2.The malls 3.five bedrooms 4.Three gas stations 5.My scarves 6.Three eggs 7.Our teachers 8.Your vegetables 9.their names 10.Our countries 11.their dinner 12.The pencils 13.My e-mail addresses 14.13 slices 15.The bills

9 Answer Key 1.Los perros 2.Nuestras casas 3.Sus toallas 4.Unas manzanas 5.Las llaves 6.Mis boletos / mis billetes 7.Los precios 8.Unos libros 9.Mis zapatos 10.Nuestras escuelas 11.Sus portátiles 12.Unas tarjetas telefónicas 13.Mis clases 14.Tu / su desayuno 15.Nuestra comida 1.Los vestidos 2.Los centros comercials 3.Las alcobas, habitaciones, recámaras / los cuartos de dormir, dormitorios 4.Tres gasolineras 5.Mis bufandas 6.Tres huevos 7.Nuestros maestros, profesores / nuestras maestras, profesoras 8.Tus / sus vegetales 9.Sus nombres 10.Nuestros países 11.Su cena 12.Los pápices 13.Mis direcciones de correo electrónico 14.Trece rebanadas, tajadas 15.Las cuentas

10 Noun and adjective agreement Nouns and adjectives must agree in gender and number Descriptive adjectives – distinguish between different nouns of the same kind and are placed after the noun they describe. Red dress- vestido rojo Adjectives that express the inherent quality of a noun are placed before the noun Good book – buen libro Best friend – mejor amigo White snow – la blanca nieve

11 Demonstrative Adjectives este libro (this book) estos libros (these books) esta pluma (this pen) estas plumas (these pens) ese libro (that book) esos libros (those books) esa pluma (that pen) esas plumas (those pens) aquel libro (that book over there) aquellos libros (those books over there) aquella pluma (that pen over there) aquellas plumas (those pens over there

12 Practice 1.Their older brother 2.My youngest cousin 3.The clean towels 4.These hot drinks 5.Those white boots 6.The tall trees 7.Last month 8.A dirty bathroom 9.The handsome waiter 10.That beautiful maid 11.A small horse 12.The black birds 13.Sweet bread 14.Hardworking students 15.Lazy children 16.Hot water 1.Cold juice 2.Three scrambled eggs 3.The easy homework 4.The difficult essay 5.Many good memories 6.Delicious strawberries 7.Fast internet 8.Tired parents 9.Small kitchen 10.Funny friends 11.Serious president 12.Dirty hands 13.Hot coffee 14.Last year 15.This new skirt 16.Cheap cell phone 17.Sick student

13 Practice 1.Their older brother 2.My youngest cousin 3.The clean towels 4.These hot drinks 5.Those white boots 6.The tall trees 7.Last month 8.A dirty bathroom 9.The handsome waiter 10.That beautiful maid 11.A small horse 12.The black birds 13.Sweet bread 14.Hardworking students 15.Lazy children 16.Hot water 1.Cold juice 2.Three scrambled eggs 3.The easy homework 4.The difficult essay 5.Many good memories 6.Delicious strawberries 7.Fast internet 8.Tired parents 9.Small kitchen 10.Funny friends 11.Serious president 12.Dirty hands 13.Hot coffee 14.Last year 15.This new skirt 16.Cheap cell phone 17.Sick student

14 To be SER NOTICE NATIONALITY ORIGIN TIME – DAY AND DATE IDENTITY CHARACTERISTIC EVENT ESTAR PLACE POSITION LOCATION ACTION CONDITION EMOTION

15 1.My parents are here. 2.Our teachers are very smart and hardworking. 3.We were in the attic. 4.I will be sick this week. 5.The party is at the pool. 6.The students are French. 7.My parents are happy with me. 8.It was midnight. 9.The international airport is in Columbus. 10.I am going to the library. 1.His best friend is from Ghana. 2.The pencils are on your desk. 3.We were at the beach for three hours today. 4.It is 2:00 o’clock.

16 Tener – to have posession Hunger (hambre), thirst (sed), sleep (sueño) Age Tener + que + infinitive = something that one has to do Tener ganas de + infinitive = to feel like doing something Tener razón – to be right Tener prisa – to be in a hurry Tener celos – to be jealous Tener cuidado – to be careful Tener suerte – to be lucky Tener vergüenza – to be ashamed Tener la culpa – to be guilty Tener derecho – to have the right Tener éxito – to be successful Tener miedo a – to be afraid

17 Reflexive verbs and pronouns Reflexive verbs are those that express an action where the person who does the action also receives the action. I will wash my hands. I will do the action of washing my hands And I will also receive the action. In Spanish when using reflexive verbs you must use the appropriate reflexive pronouns to demonstrate who is receiving the action. In Spanish, when using reflexive verbs with parts of the body, the definite articles (el, la, los, las) must be used. In Spanish, the reflexive pronouns must go in front of the verb when only one verb is used. Reflexive Pronouns me (myself) te (yourself familiar) se (himself, herself, Yourself formal) nos (ourselves) os (yourselves familiar) se (themselves, yourselves formal)

18 Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns D.O.P = Subject + verb+ whom / what?I.O.P = Subject + verb + to whom / for whom

19 Practice 1.They gave us a free laptop. 2.The maids will clean the room this afternoon. 3.Our parents were washing their feet. 4.The children got dressed in ten minutes. 5.I have already taken a shower today. Answer key 1.Ellos nos dieron un portátil gratis. 2.Las mucamas limpiarán el cuarto esta tarde. 3.Nuestros padres se lavaban los pies. 4.Los niños se vistieron en diez minutos. 5.Yo ya me he duchado hoy.

20 Spanish Subject pronouns A subject pronoun is a pronoun that takes the place of a noun in as the subject of a sentence. Yo – INosotros (as) – We Tú – you (familiar)Vosotros (as) you all (familiar) él – he Ella – she Usted – You (formal) Ellos (as) – they Ustedes – you all (formal)

21 Present Progressive A compound tense that Expresses an action that is happening as we speak. It uses the present tense of Estar (am, is, are)and the Present Participle of the main verb (-ing) ESTAR Estoy Estás está estamos estais están - ar - Ando - Er / - ir - iendo Pres. of Estar Pres. Part. of main verb

22 Present Progressive Stem changing present participles servir: sirviendo pedir: pidiendo decir: diciendo dormir: durmiendo morir: muriendo poder: pudiendo Spelling change present participles caer: cayendo creer: creyendo huir: huyendo ir: yendo influir: influyendo oír: oyendo traer: trayendo leer: leyendo seguir: siguiendo

23 Present tense Expresses actions that are done every day. - ar ending verbs - o- amos - as- áis - a- an - er ending verbs - o- emos - es- éis - e- en - ir ending verbs - o- imos - es- ís - e- en Subject pronouns Yo – INosotros (as) – We Tú – you (familiar)Vosotros (as) you all (familiar) él – he Ella – she Usted – You (formal) Ellos (as) – they Ustedes – you all (formal)

24 Present tense Stem changing verbs Spanish stem changing verbs change in the boot form. Meaning that the stem will change in all forms but the Nosotros(as) and Vosotros(as) forms. Stem changing e – ie 1.Cerrar –to close 2.Comenzar – to begin 3.Despertar(se)- to wake up 4.Divertirse –to have fun 5.Empezar – to begin 6.Sentir – to feel 7.Mentir – to lie 8.Nevar – to snow 9.Pensar – to think 10.Perder – to lose 11.Preferir – to prefer 12.Querer – to want / to desire 13.Sentar (se) – to sit

25 Present tense Stem changing o – ue 1.Almorzar – to have lunch 2.Contar – to count 3.Costar – to cost 4.Doler – to hurt 5.Dormir – to sleep 6.Encontrar – to find 7.Llover – to rain 8.Morder – to bite 9.Morir – to die 10.Mostrar – to show 11.Mover – to move (something) 12.Poder – to be able 13.Soñar – to dream 14.Volar – to fly Stem changing e – i 1.Repetir – to repeat 2.conseguir- to get 3.Reírse – to laugh 4.Seguir – to follow 5.Servir – to serve 6.Vestirse – to get dressed

26 Present tense Stem changing u – ue 1.Jugar –to play Irregular first person 1.Saber – to know (someone, fact, how to do something) Sé – I know 2.Conocer – to be acquainted with someone or something 3.Conozco – I know

27 Present tense -go –go verbs – Irregular first person 1.Salir – to leave / to go out ~ salgo 2.Poner – to put ~ pongo