1 Reproductive System Chapter 10

2 Female Reproductive System at a GlanceFunctions of Female Reproductive System Produces ova Provides location for fertilization Provides location for development of fetus Secretes female sex hormones Produces milk to nourish infant

3 Female Reproductive System at a GlanceOrgans of Female Reproductive System Ovaries Fallopian tubes Uterus Vagina Vulva Breasts

4 Anatomy and Physiology - FunctionOvaries produce ova Fallopian (uterine) tubes are most common site for fertilization to take place Uterus provides location for development of fetus Breasts nourish infant Ovaries produce female sex hormones

5 Internal Genitalia Internal organs located in pelvic cavity UterusTwo ovaries Two fallopian (uterine) tubes Vagina

6 Figure 10.1 – Organs of the female reproductive system.Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 10.1 – Organs of the female reproductive system.

7 External Genitalia External organs Also called vulvaLabia majora Labia minora Clitoris Region between vagina and anus Perineum

8 Female Reproductive System AnimationClick here to view an animation of the female reproductive system. Back to Directory

9 Ovaries Two almond-shaped glands Located on each side of pelvic cavityProduce and release ova Approximately every 28 days Secretes female sex hormones

10 Figure 10.2 – Structure of the ovary and fallopian (uterine) tube.Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 10.2 – Structure of the ovary and fallopian (uterine) tube.

11 Female Sex Hormones Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) Secreted by the anterior pituitary Stimulate maturation of ovum Trigger ovulation Estrogen and progesterone Secreted by ovary Prepare endometrium to receive fertilized ovum Female secondary sexual characteristics

12 Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 10.3 – An ovum (pink) released by the ovary at ovulation surrounded by follicle (white) tissue. (P.M. Motta and J. Van Blekrom/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.)

13 Fallopian Tubes Also called uterine tubes or oviductsPurpose is to transport ovum from ovary to uterus Fertilization typically occurs within upper half of fallopian tubes

14 Fallopian Tubes 5½ inches long Project from either side of uterusEnd with finger-like projections Fimbriae

15 Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 10.4 – Fallopian (uterine) tube, showing released ovum within the fallopian tube.

16 Uterus Pear shaped organ in center of pelvic cavity Regions FundusCorpus Cervix

17 Layers of the Uterus Endometrium Myometrium Perimetrium Inner layerMiddle layer Thick muscle Perimetrium Outer layer

18 Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 10.5 – The uterus.

19 Endometrium Inner layer of uterus Contains rich blood supplyReacts to estrogen and progesterone Thickens to receive ovum Fertilized egg implants here Provides nourishment and protection to embryo

20 Menstruation Menstrual period Menarche MenopauseWhen pregnancy does not occur Endometrium is sloughed off Menarche First menstrual period Menopause End of menstrual activity and childbearing

21 Vagina Vaginal orifice Thin muscular tube Lined with mucous membraneExtends from cervix to outside of body Vaginal orifice Allows for passage of menstrual flow

22 Vagina During intercourse, receives male penis and semenServes as birth canal Hymen Thin membranous tissue Partially covers external vaginal opening Bartholin’s glands Secrete mucus for lubrication during intercourse

23 Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 10.6 – The vagina.

24 Vulva Labia majora and minora Clitoris Folds of skinProtective covering Also protects urinary meatus Clitoris Erectile tissue

25 Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 10.7 – The vulva.

26 Breasts Also called mammary glands Lactiferous glandsProduce milk Lactation Lactiferous ducts Carry milk to nipple Areola is pigmented area around nipple

27 Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 10.8 – The breast.

28 Pregnancy Gestation Premature Period of pregnancy 40 weeksBirth before 37 weeks of gestation completed

29 Pregnancy Embryo FetusFrom implantation into endometrium until eight weeks Major organs and systems are formed Fetus Ninth week until birth Organs mature and begin to function

30 Fetal Membranes Infant is surrounded by two membranous sacs AmnionInner sac Holds amniotic fluid in which fetus floats Chorion Outer sac Protective Forms part of placenta

31 Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure – Photograph illustrating the development of an embryo. (Petit Format/Nestle/Photo Researchers, Inc.)

32 Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure – Photograph illustrating the development of a fetus. (Petit Format/Nestle/Photo Researchers, Inc.)

33 Placenta Provides nourishment for fetus Spongy blood-filled organForms in uterus next to fetus Commonly called afterbirth Fetus attached to placenta by umbilical cord

34 Figure 10.9 – A full-term pregnancy.Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 10.9 – A full-term pregnancy.

35 Stages of Labor and DeliveryDilation stage First stage Strong uterine muscle contractions pushes fetus against cervix Effacement Thinning of the cervix Dilation Expands to 10 cm

36 Figure 10.12A – Dilation stage of labor and delivery.Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 10.12A – Dilation stage of labor and delivery.

37 Stages of Labor and DeliveryExpulsion stage Second stage Begins with full dilation of cervix Ends with birth of baby Crowning When head appears

38 Figure 10.12B – Expulsion stage of labor and delivery.Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 10.12B – Expulsion stage of labor and delivery.

39 Stages of Labor and DeliveryPlacental stage Third stage Uterus continues to contract Placenta is delivered

40 Figure 10.12C – Placental stage of labor and delivery.Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 10.12C – Placental stage of labor and delivery.

41 Breech Birth Normally crown of head appears first in birth canalAny other body part appearing first is breech presentation Buttocks first is most common

42 Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure – A breech birth.

43 Word Building with amni/o & cervic/o–otomy amniotomy incision into amnion –tic amniotic pertaining to amnion –rrhea amniorrhea flow from amnion –ectomy cervicectomy surgical removal of cervix –al cervical pertaining to cervix endo– –itis endocervicitis inflammation inside cervix

44 Word Building with chori/o, colp/o, embry/o, and episi/o–nic chorionic pertaining to chorion –scope colposcope instrument to view inside vagina –nic embryonic pertaining to embryo –rrhaphy episiorrhaphy suture of vulva

45 Word Building with fet/o, gynec/o, and hymen/o–al fetal pertaining to fetus –ologist gynecologist female specialist –ectomy hymenectomy surgical removal of hymen

46 Word Building with hyster/o, lact/o, and lapar/o–pexy hysteropexy surgical fixation of uterus –rrhexis hysterorrhexis rupture of uterus –ic lactic pertaining to milk –rrhea lactorrhea milk discharge –otomy laparotomy incision into abdomen –scope laparoscope instrument to view inside abdomen

47 Word Building with mamm/o & mast/o–gram mammogram X-ray record of breast –ary mammary pertaining to breast –plasty mammoplasty surgical repair of breast –algia mastalgia breast pain –itis mastitis inflammation of breast –ectomy mastectomy removal of breast

48 Word Building with men/oa– –rrhea amenorrhea lack of menstrual flow dys– –rrhea dysmenorrhea painful menstrual flow oligo– –rrhea oligomenorrhea scanty menstrual flow –rrhagia menorrhagia rapid menstrual flow

49 Word Building with metr/o & nat/oendo– –itis endometritis inflammation within uterus peri– –itis perimetritis inflammation around uterus –rrhea metrorrhea flow from uterus –rrhagia metrorrhagia rapid flow from uterus neo– neonate newborn –ologist neonatologist specialist in newborn

50 Word Building with oophor/o, ovari/o, and salping/o–itis oophoritis inflammation of ovary –an ovarian pertaining to ovary –cyesis salpingocyesis fallopian tube pregnancy –ectomy salpingectomy removal of fallopian tube –itis salpingitis inflammation of fallopian tube

51 Word Building with uter/o and vagin/o–ine uterine pertaining to uterus –al vaginal pertaining to vagina –itis vaginitis inflammation of vagina

52 Word Building with –cyesis & –gravidapseudo– pseudocyesis false pregnancy nulli– nulligravida no pregnancies primi– primigravida first pregnancy multi– multigravida multiple pregnancies

53 Word Building with –para & –partumnulli– nullipara no births primi– primipara first birth multi– multipara multiple births ante– antepartum before birth post– postpartum after birth

54 Word Building with –salpinx & –tociahemato– hematosalpinx blood in fallopian tube pyo– pyosalpinx pus in fallopian tube dys– dystocia difficult labor and childbirth

55 Female Reproductive System Vocabularyatresia congenital lack of normal body opening barrier contraception prevents sperm from meeting ovum; condom, diaphragms colostrum thin fluid secreted by breast after delivery before actual milk appears fraternal twins develop from two different ova fertilized by two different sperm gynecology (GYN) diagnosis and treatment of diseases of female reproductive system

56 Female Reproductive System Vocabularyhormonal contraception using hormones to block ovulation; no ovum to fertilize; pills, patch, implant identical twins develop from the splitting of a single fertilized ovum infertility unable to produce children; no pregnancy after properly timed intercourse for one year intrauterine device (IUD) device inserted into uterus to prevent pregnancy from establishing meconium first bowel movement of newborn

57 Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure – Shape of two different intrauterine devices (IUDs). (Jules Selmes and Debi Treloar/Dorling Kindersley Media Library)

58 Female Reproductive System Vocabularyneonatology diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the newborn obstetrics (OB) diagnosis and treatment of women during pregnancy and childbirth premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms appear just prior to menstrual period; irritability, headache, tender breasts, and anxiety puberty beginning of menstruation and reproductive years

59 Ovary Pathology ovarian carcinoma malignant tumor of the ovariesovarian cyst cysts developing in the ovaries; may rupture causing pain and bleeding

60 Uterus Pathology cervical cancer malignant tumor of the cervixendometrial cancer malignant tumor of the lining of the uterus fibroid tumor benign fibrous tumor in the uterus menometrorrhagia excessive bleeding during menstrual period or between menstrual periods prolapsed uterus fallen uterus; may cause cervix to protrude through vaginal opening

61 Figure 10.15 – Common sites for the development of fibroid tumors.Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure – Common sites for the development of fibroid tumors.

62 Vagina Pathology yeast infection of mucous membrane lining of vaginacandidiasis yeast infection of mucous membrane lining of vagina cystocele bladder presses backwards on vaginal wall rectocele rectum presses forward on vaginal wall toxic shock syndrome (TSS) staphylococcus infection occurring in menstruating women; associated with prolonged wearing of super-absorbent tampon

63 Pelvic Cavity Pathologyendometriosis occurs when endometrial tissue flows backwards from uterus through fallopian tubes and into pelvic cavity pelvic inflammatory disease bacterial infection that has spread through female reproductive tract and out into pelvic cavity

64 Breast Pathology breast cancer malignant tumor of the breast tissuefibrocystic breast disease appearance of fibrous tumors in breast tissue; no association with cancer

65 Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure – Comparison of breast cancer (A) and fibrocystic disease (B).

66 Pregnancy Pathology abruptio placentaeplacenta tears away from uterine wall prior to delivery of baby eclampsia convulsions and coma occurring in woman in late stages of pregnancy hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) occurs when mother is Rh– and baby is Rh+; mother’s antibodies cross the placenta and attack baby’s blood; older name is erythroblastosis fetalis

67 Pregnancy Pathology placenta previa placenta forms low in the uterus overlying the opening to the cervix preeclampsia metabolic disease of pregnancy; may result in true eclampsia; symptoms include hypertension, headaches, and edema; also called toxemia

68 Figure 10.17 – Placenta previa.Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure – Placenta previa.

69 Pregnancy Pathology prolapsed umbilical cord if umbilical cord emerges from birth canal before baby does, it will become pinched between baby’s head & vaginal wall, cutting off blood flow to baby spontaneous abortion unplanned loss of pregnancy early in gestation; commonly called a miscarriage stillbirth death of a fetus of viable age; occurs shortly before or at time of delivery

70 Clinical Laboratory TestsPAP smear scraping of cervical cells is examined for early signs of cervical cancer pregnancy test chemical test to determine a pregnancy during first few weeks

71 Diagnostic Imaging hysterosalpingography (HSG)X-ray of uterus and fallopian tubes after injecting dye in through cervix mammography X-ray of breast for detection of breast cancer pelvic ultrasonography use of ultrasound waves to produce image of pelvic organs or a fetus within the uterus mammogram record of the breast

72 Endoscopic Procedurescolposcopy examination of the vagina using a colposcope culdoscopy examination of pelvic cavity behind the uterus using a culdoscope introduced through an incision in the vaginal wall laparoscopy examination of the pelvic cavity and organs using a laparoscope introduced through an incision just below the navel

73 Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure – A laparoscopic examination; uterus is visible below probe, ovary is at tip of probe, and fallopian tube along left side. (Southern Illinois University/Photo Researchers, Inc.)

74 Obstetrical Diagnostic Proceduresamniocentesis removal of amniotic fluid using a needle; fluid can be used to determine fetal maturity and developmental and genetic disorders Apgar score evaluates newborn’s adjustment to outside environment; observes color, heart rate, respiratory rate, muscle tone, and response to stimulus

75 Obstetrical Diagnostic Procedureschorionic villus sampling (CVS) removal of a small piece of chorion for genetic analysis fetal monitoring electronic equipment on mother’s abdomen or fetus’s scalp to check heart rate during labor and delivery

76 Additional Diagnostic Procedurescervical biopsy removing a piece of cervical tissue to examine for cancer endometrial biopsy (EMB) removing a sample of endometrial tissue to examine for cancer pelvic examination physical exam of vagina and adjacent organs; a speculum is used to open the vagina

77 Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure – A speculum.

78 Surgical Treatments cesarean section (CS, C-section)surgical delivery of baby through abdominal incision conization removal of a core of cervical tissue dilation & curettage (D&C) dilation of cervix and scraping away of endometrial lining episiotomy incision of perineum to widen birth canal during delivery

79 Surgical Treatments lumpectomyremoval of breast lump and tissue immediately surrounding it simple mastectomy removal of breast tissue radical mastectomy removal of breast tissue plus chest muscles and axillary lymph nodes

80 Surgical Treatments elective abortionlegal termination of an early pregnancy therapeutic abortion termination of a pregnancy for the health of the mother

81 Surgical Treatments total abdominal hysterectomy-bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH-BSO) removal of the entire uterus, cervix, both fallopian tubes, and both ovaries through an abdominal incision vaginal hysterectomy removal of the uterus through vagina rather than an abdominal incision tubal ligation surgical tying off of fallopian tubes to prevent conception

82 Female Reproductive System Pharmacologyabortifacient terminates a pregnancy Mifeprex, Prostin E2 fertility drug triggers ovulation Clomid, Gonal-F hormone replacement therapy (HRT) replacement estrogen after menopause or loss of ovaries Cenestin, Premarin

83 Female Reproductive System Pharmacologyoral contraceptive pills (OCPs) prevents conception by blocking ovulation Ortho-Cept, Lo/Ovral oxytocin improves uterine contractions during labor and delivery Pitocin, Syntocinon

84 Female Reproductive System Abbreviationsabortion AI artificial insemination BSE breast self-examination CS, C-section cesarean section CVS chorionic villus sampling Cx cervix D&C dilation and curettage

85 Female Reproductive System AbbreviationsEDC estimated date of confinement EMB endometrial biopsy ERT estrogen replacement therapy FEKG fetal electrocardiogram FHR fetal heart rate FHT fetal heart tone FSH follicle stimulating hormone

86 Female Reproductive System AbbreviationsFTND full term normal delivery GI, grav I first pregnancy GYN, gyn gynecology HCG, hCG human chorionic gonadotropin HDN hemolytic disease of the newborn HPV human papilloma virus HRT hormone replacement therapy HSG hysterosalpingography

87 Female Reproductive System AbbreviationsIUD intrauterine device IVF in vitro fertilization LBW low birth weight LH luteinizing hormone LMP last menstrual period NB newborn OB obstetrics OCPs oral contraceptive pills

88 Female Reproductive System AbbreviationsPAP Papanicolaou test PI, para I first birth PID pelvic inflammatory disease PMS premenstrual syndrome TAH-BSO total abdominal hysterectomy-bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy TSS toxic shock syndrome UC uterine contraction

89 Male Reproductive System at a GlanceFunctions of Male Reproductive System Produces sperm Delivers sperm to female reproductive tract Secretes male sex hormones

90 Male Reproductive System at a GlanceOrgans of Male Reproductive System Testes Epididymis Vas deferens Seminal vesicle Prostate gland Bulbourethral gland Penis

91 Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

92 Male Combining Forms andr/o male balan/o glans penis crypt/o hiddenepididym/o epididymis orch/o testes orchi/o testes orchid/o testes

93 Male Combining Forms prostat/o prostate spermat/o spermtesticul/o testes varic/o varicose veins vas/o vas deferens vesicul/o seminal vesicle

94 Male Suffixes –spermia condition of sperm

95 Anatomy and Physiology - FunctionTestes produce sperm Vas deferens and epididymis transport semen Reproductive glands add vital fluids to sperm Produces semen Penis delivers semen to vagina Testes produce male sex hormones Testosterone

96 External Genitalia Located outside the body Penis Two testesTwo epididymides (plural for epididymis)

97 Internal Genitalia Located in pelvic cavityTwo vas deferentia (plural for vas deferens) Two seminal vesicles Prostate gland Two bulbourethral glands

98 Figure 10.20 – The male reproductive system.Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure – The male reproductive system.

99 Male Reproductive Anatomy AnimationClick here to view an animation of male reproductive anatomy. Back to Directory

100 Testes Singular is testis; also called testiclesOval-shaped organs in scrotum Produce sperm

101 Testes Secrete testosterone Necessary for proper development of spermStimulates growth and development of male reproductive organs Produces male secondary sexual characteristics

102 Figure 10.20 – The male reproductive system.Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure – The male reproductive system.

103 Spermatogenesis Process that produces spermOccurs within seminiferous tubules of testes The testes must be maintained at proper temperature for sperm to survive This lower temperature level is achieved by suspending testes in scrotum outside body Scrotum is sac that contains testes, epididymides, and beginning of vas deferentia

104 Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure – Electronmicrograph of human sperm. (Juergen Berger, Max-Planck Institute/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.)

105 Epididymis Coiled tube-shaped organLies on top of testes within scrotum Location for sperm maturation and storage Releases sperm into vas deferens

106 Figure 10.20 – The male reproductive system.Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure – The male reproductive system.

107 Penis Shaft of penis Glans penis Contains urethra Tip of the penisProtected by prepuce

108 Penis Contains erectile tissueIncreased blood flow during sexual stimulation results in erection Allows it to be placed within vagina Ejaculation of semen

109 Urethra Male urethra extends from urinary bladder to the external opening at tip of penis Urinary meatus Serves a dual function: Elimination of urine Ejaculation of semen During ejaculation, sphincter closes to keep urine from escaping Sometimes referred to as Genitourinary System

110 Figure 10.20 – The male reproductive system.Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure – The male reproductive system.

111 Vas Deferens Carries sperm from epididymis up into pelvic cavityTravels up in front of urinary bladder, over top, and then back down posterior side of the bladder Empties into urethra

112 Spermatic Cord Cord-like structure between pelvic cavity and scrotumConsists of: Two vas deferentia Nerves Arteries Veins Lymphatic vessels

113 Figure 10.20 – The male reproductive system.Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure – The male reproductive system.

114 Seminal Vesicles Two glands At base of urinary bladderConnected to vas deferens just before it empties into urethra

115 Seminal Vesicles Secrete a fluid that nourishes spermRich in glucose This fluid, along with sperm, constitutes semen Fluid ejaculated during sexual intercourse

116 Figure 10.20 – The male reproductive system.Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure – The male reproductive system.

117 Prostate Gland Single gland located just below urinary bladderSurrounds urethra Vas deferens empties into urethra within prostate

118 Prostate Gland Secretes alkaline fluidNeutralizes pH of urethra and vagina Critical for sperm survival Enlargement of prostate puts pressure on both urethra and vas deferens Causes problems with both urination and ejaculation

119 Figure 10.20 – The male reproductive system.Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure – The male reproductive system.

120 Bulbourethral Gland Also known as Cowper’s glands Two small glandsEither side of urethra Just below prostate Secrete mucus-like lubricating fluid

121 Figure 10.20 – The male reproductive system.Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure – The male reproductive system.

122 Word Building with andr/o & balan/o–gen androgen male producing –pathy andropathy male disease –itis balanitis inflammation of glans penis –plasty balanoplasty surgical repair of glans penis –rrhea balanorrhea discharge from glans penis

123 Word Building with epididym/o & orch/o–ectomy epididymectomy removal of epididymis –al epididymal pertaining to epididymis –itis epididymitis inflammation of epididymis an– –ism anorchism condition of no testes

124 Word Building with orchi/o & orchid/o–ectomy orchiectomy removal of testes –otomy orchiotomy incision into testes –plasty orchioplasty surgical repair of testes –ectomy orchidectomy removal of testes –pexy orchidopexy surgical fixation of testes/treatment for cryptorchidism

125 Word Building with prostat/o & spermat/o–itis prostatitis inflammation of prostate –ectomy prostatectomy removal of prostate –ic prostatic pertaining to prostate –ic spermatic pertaining to sperm –lysis spermatolysis destruction of sperm

126 Word Building with testicul/o & vesicul/o–ar testicular pertaining to testes –ar vesicular pertaining to seminal vesicles

127 Word Building with –spermiaaspermia condition of no sperm oligo– oligospermia condition of scanty sperm

128 Male Reproductive System Vocabularyerectile dysfunction (ED) inability to engage in sexual intercourse due to inability to maintain an erection; also called impotence sterility inability to father children due to a problem with spermatogenesis

129 Erectile Dysfunction VideoClick here to view a video on erectile dysfunction. Back to Directory

130 Testes Pathology cryptorchidismfailure of testes to descend into scrotum before birth hydrocele accumulation of fluid around testes or along spermatic cord testicular carcinoma malignant tumor of testes testicular torsion twisting of spermatic cord varicocele varicose veins of the spermatic cord

131 Prostate Gland Pathologybenign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) noncancerous enlargement of prostate gland; common in older men prostate cancer malignant tumor of prostate gland

132 Penis Pathology epispadias congenital opening of urethra on dorsal surface of penis hypospadias congenital opening of urethra on underside of penis phimosis narrowing of prepuce; constricts glans penis priapism persistent and painful erection; caused by pathology, not sexual stimulation

133 Sexually Transmitted Diseasechancroid highly infections non-syphilitic venereal ulcer chlamydia bacterial genital infection in males & females genital herpes viral infection that appears like blisters genital warts warts on the genitalia of both males & females; caused by a virus gonorrhea (GC) bacterial infection of mucous membranes of males & females

134 Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure – Photograph showing a chancroid on the glans penis. (Joe Miller/Centers for Disease Control andPrevention [CDC])

135 Sexually Transmitted Diseasehuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) sexually transmitted virus that attacks immune system sexually transmitted disease (STD) disease usually acquired as a result of sexual intercourse; formerly called venereal disease (VD) syphilis chronic bacterial infection; attacks multiple organs including brain trichomoniasis genitourinary infection caused by a protist in both males and females

136 Clinical Laboratory Testsprostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test to screen for prostate cancer semen analysis part of fertility workup; analyzed for number, swimming strength, and shape

137 Additional Diagnostic Testsdigital rectal exam (DRE) manual examination for enlarged prostate

138 Surgical Procedures castration removal of testes circumcisionremoval of prepuce orchidopexy surgical fixation to pin undescended testes in scrotum sterilization process of rendering a male or female unable to conceive children

139 Surgical Procedures transurethral resection of prostate (TUR, TURP)removal of prostate tissue by inserting device through urethra vasectomy removal of a segment of vas deferens to prevent sperm from ejaculating vasovasostomy reconnects ends of vas deferens to reverse a vasectomy

140 Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure – A vasectomy.

141 Click here to view a video on vasectomy.Vasectomy Video Click here to view a video on vasectomy. Back to Directory

142 Male Reproductive System Pharmacologyandrogen therapy replacement of male hormones Andronate, DepAndro antiprostatic agents shrinks benign prostatic hypertrophy Proscar, Avodart erectile dysfunction agents temporarily produces erection Viagra, Cialis spermatocide destroys sperm Semicid, Ortho-Gynol

143 Male Reproductive System AbbreviationsBPH benign prostatic hypertrophy DRE digital rectal exam ED erectile dysfunction GC gonorrhea GU genitourinary PSA prostate-specific antigen

144 Male Reproductive System AbbreviationsRPR rapid plasma reagin (test for syphilis) SPP suprapubic prostatectomy STD sexually transmitted disease TUR transurethral resection TURP transurethral resection of prostate VD venereal disease

145 Chapter 11 (click here)