1 Review over Unit Three

2 I will need your help during this review…Raise your hand to help finish the sentences or answer the questions.

3 Reproduction A type of reproduction in which organisms are derived from one parent and are genetically identical to that parent is called __________ Sexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Meiosis Mitosis

4 A type of reproduction in which organisms are derived from one parent are genetically identical to that parent is called Asexual Reproduction

5 Name three types of Asexual Reproduction1 2 3

6 Binary Fission Budding Fragmentation

7 Which Type?

8 Fragmentation

9 Which Type?

10 Budding

11 Which Type

12 Which of the following is an advantage of asexual reproduction?A) Genetic Variation B) Do not need to find a mate C) Takes more time than sexual reproduction D) All of these are advantages

13 Which of the following is an advantage of asexual reproduction?A) Genetic Variation B) Do not need to find a mate C) Takes more time than sexual reproduction D) All of these are advantages

14 Sexual reproduction Asexual Reproduction Mitosis MeiosisA type of reproduction in which organisms are derived from two sex cells and offspring inherit traits from both parents is called ____________________ Sexual reproduction Asexual Reproduction Mitosis Meiosis

15 Sexual reproduction Asexual Reproduction Mitosis MeiosisA type of reproduction in which organisms are derived from two sex cells and offspring inherit traits from both parents is called ____________________ Sexual reproduction Asexual Reproduction Mitosis Meiosis

16 Offspring that reproduce by sexual reproduction havea) genetically identical DNA to a parent b) Half the number of chromosomes as parents c) Have genetic variation d) Twice double the amount of chromosomes as the parents

17 Offspring that reproduce by sexual reproduction havea) genetically identical DNA to a parent b) Half the number of chromosomes as parents c) Have genetic variation d) Twice double the amount of chromosomes as the parents

18 Offspring that reproduce by sexual reproduction havea) genetically identical DNA to a parent b) Half the number of chromosomes as parents c) Have genetic variation d) Twice double the amount of chromosomes as the parents

19 Cell Cycle

20 When organisms grow they mustMake new cells Move around Consume food Make larger cells

21 When organisms grow they mustMake new cells Move around Consume food Make larger cells

22 _______ is the division of the nucleus during cell divisionMeiosis Mitosis Fission fragmentation

23 _______ is the division of the nucleus during cell divisionMeiosis Mitosis Fission fragmentation

24 Nuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomesNuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomes. Centrioles begin to seperate to form Spindle Fibers 1. ___________

25 Nuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomesNuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomes. Centrioles begin to seperate to form Spindle Fibers 1. PROPHASE

26 Nuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomesNuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomes. Centrioles begin to seperate to form Spindle Fibers 1. PROPHASE Homologous chromosomes attach to spindle fibers along the equator of the cell. 2. ___________

27 Nuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomesNuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomes. Centrioles begin to seperate to form Spindle Fibers 1. PROPHASE Homologous chromosomes attach to spindle fibers along the equator of the cell. 2. METAPHASE

28 Nuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomesNuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomes. Centrioles begin to seperate to form Spindle Fibers 1. PROPHASE Homologous chromosomes attach to spindle fibers along the equator of the cell. 2. METAPHASE Chromosomes are pulled apart and travel to opposite ends of the cell. 3. ___________

29 Nuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomesNuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomes. Centrioles begin to seperate to form Spindle Fibers 1. PROPHASE Homologous chromosomes attach to spindle fibers along the equator of the cell. 2. METAPHASE Chromosomes are pulled apart and travel to opposite ends of the cell. 3. ANAPHASE

30 Nuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomesNuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomes. Centrioles begin to seperate to form Spindle Fibers 1. PROPHASE Homologous chromosomes attach to spindle fibers along the equator of the cell. 2. METAPHASE Chromosomes are pulled apart and travel to opposite ends of the cell. 3. ANAPHASE Two nuclear membranes form around two new sets of chromosomes. Mitosis is complete! 4. ___________

31 Nuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomesNuclear membrane disappears and DNA form into chromosomes. Centrioles begin to seperate to form Spindle Fibers 1. PROPHASE Homologous chromosomes attach to spindle fibers along the equator of the cell. 2. METAPHASE Chromosomes are pulled apart and travel to opposite ends of the cell. 3. ANAPHASE Two nuclear membranes form around two new sets of chromosomes. Mitosis is complete! 4. TELOPHASE

32 ________________- Process that creates sex cells.Meiosis

33 Division ocures Twice andSo the number of Chromosomes is reduced by half.

34 In humans, a gamete (sex cell) has _____ chromosomes inside the nuclei.46 23 92 4

35 In humans, a gamete (sex cell) has _____ chromosomes inside the nuclei.46 23 92 4

36 Fungi

37 Characteristics of the fungi kingdom1. _______________- Have a nucleus. 2. Cell Walls made of _______________. 3.Mostly _____________, except for yeast, which is __________________.

38 Characteristics of the fungi kingdom1. __Eukaryotic___- Have a nucleus. 2. Cell Walls made of _______________. 3.Mostly _____________, except for yeast, which is __________________.

39 Characteristics of the fungi kingdom1. __Eukaryotic___- Have a nucleus. 2. Cell Walls made of ___Chitin___. 3.Mostly _____________, except for yeast, which is __________________.

40 Characteristics of the fungi kingdom1. __Eukaryotic___- Have a nucleus. 2. Cell Walls made of ___Chitin___. 3.Mostly _Multicellular__, except for yeast, which is ____Unicellular____.

41 Break down the remains of dead organismsScavengers Autotrophs Heterotrophs Decomposers

42 DECOMPOSERS- Break down the remains of dead organismsThey absorb the nutrients into their cells by diffusion or the process of ___________.

43 DECOMPOSERS- Break down the remains of dead organismsThey absorb the nutrients into their cells by diffusion or the process of _Endocytosis_. (Active Transport- requires energy)

44 4 Groups of Fungi!

45 How are Fungi classified?Divided into major groups based on structure and reproduction Zygomycetes- The common molds ex: black bread mold

46 Zygomycetes http://mercury. bio. uaf

47 How are Fungi classified?Divided into major groups based on structure and reproduction Zygomycetes- The common molds ex: black bread mold Ascomycota- The sac fungi ex: yeast

48 http://mercury. bio. uaf

49 How are Fungi classified?Divided into major groups based on structure and reproduction Zygomycetes- The common molds ex: black bread mold Ascomycota- The sac fungi ex: yeast Basidiomycota- The club fungi ex: mushroom

50 Basidiomycota http://mercury. bio. uaf

51 Basidiomycota http://mercury. bio. uaf

52 How are Fungi classified?Divided into major groups based on structure and reproduction Zygomycetes- The common molds ex: black bread mold Ascomycota- The sac fungi ex: yeast Basidiomycota- The club fungi ex: mushroom Deutermycota- The imperfect fungi (no known sexual life cycle) ex: Penicillium

53 Deutermycota: Ex: PenecilliumImperfect fungi

54 Which of the following is a benefit of fungiHelps to make medicines Used to make cheeses and breads Recycle nutrients into the soil for plants All of these are benefits

55 Which of the following is a benefit of fungiHelps to make medicines Used to make cheeses and breads Recycle nutrients into the soil for plants All of these are benefits

56

57 Which of the following is a disease caused by a fungusTuberculosis Ringworm Streptococcus Poison ivy rash

58 Which of the following is a disease caused by a fungusTuberculosis Ringworm Streptococcus Poison ivy rash Can also cause Thrush and Athlete’s foot

59 This is a picture of what type of symbiotic relationship

60 This is a picture of what type of symbiotic relationshipLichen- Algae and a fungus

61 What mutualistic relationship is this between a plant and a fungus?

62 What mutualistic relationship is this between a plant and a fungus?Mycorrhizae Fungus absorbs more water for the plant, and the plant provides sugars and a place for the fungus to live.

63 Succession __________________- occurs when then was no pre-existing community and begins with the formation of soil. Secondary succession Primary succession Tertiary succession Disturbance

64 Succession Primary Succession __________________- occurs when there was no pre-existing community and begins with the formation of soil. Secondary succession Primary succession Tertiary succession Disturbance

65 _________ are called pioneer species because they help in the formation of soil by breaking down rock.

66 Lichen are called pioneer species because they help in the formation of soil by breaking down rock.

67 Forest Ecosystem Biome Climax Community___________________- is a full growth community dominated by hardwood trees. Forest Ecosystem Biome Climax Community

68 Climax Community

69 Primary Succession Secondary Succession Tertiary Succession____________________- occurs after a disturbance and is the regrowth of a community. Primary Succession Secondary Succession Tertiary Succession Disturbance regrowth

70 Secondary Succession

71 Name three examples of a disturbance

72

73 1. Which of the following is an omnivore?Killer Whale c) Adelle Penguin Elephant Seal d) Algae

74 1. Which of the following is an omnivore?Killer Whale c) Adelle Penguin Elephant Seal d) Algae

75 2. Which of the following is an carnivore?Elephant Seal c) Adelle Penguin Krill d) Cod

76 2. Which of the following is an carnivore?Elephant Seal c) Adelle Penguin Krill d) Cod

77 3. How many producers are there in this diagram?2 d) Not enough information

78 3. How many producers are there in this diagram?2 d) Not enough information

79 4. What food source do the krill and penguin compete for?Cod c) Small animals and unicellular org. Squid d) Algae

80 4. What food source do the krill and penguin compete for?Cod c) Small animals and unicellular org. Squid d) Algae

81 5. What population would increase with the increase fishing of cod?Elephant seal c) Killer Whale Squid d) Leopard Seal

82 5. What population would increase with the increase fishing of cod?Elephant seal c) Killer Whale Squid d) Leopard Seal