1 Shooting STAARs Preparing for the 8th Grade Social Studies STAAR TestGorzycki Middle School 2012

2 What Will Be on the STAAR?As you know, the state of Texas has a list of things every 8th grader is expected to know by the end of the year. This list is called the TEKS (Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills) Test questions will cover the TEKS. By reviewing and understanding the TEKS, you can prepare for the test. This presentation will go over all of the TEKS. As you watch it with your EXCEL teacher, it is your job to fill out the study guide you have been given. You will turn this in to your social studies teacher and you will receive a grade on it. Part of the TEKS

3 Tell Me About the TEKS TEKS are grouped into 8 CategoriesHistory Geography Economics Government Citizenship Culture Science and Technology Social Studies Skills There are 31 TEKS Anxious to get started? Let’s go!!!!!

4 History 1: You understand traditional historical points of reference in U.S. history to 1877A: identify the major eras and events in U.S. history through 1877, including colonization, revolution, drafting of the Declaration of Independence, creation and ratification of the Constitution, religious revivals such as the Second Great Awakening, early republic, the Age of Jackson, westward expansion, reform movements, sectionalism, Civil War, and Reconstruction, and describe their causes and effects Wow! That’s a lot! It isn’t, though if you break it down and think about it. Let’s work on filling out a chart with this information! The chart is in your study guide. Follow along with the slide show and make sure that you fill it out. Remember, an ERA is a period of time characterized by particular circumstances. ERA

5 History 1: You understand traditional historical points of reference in U.S. history to 1877ERA / EVENT What /When was it? Causes Effects Colonization Period of time from about 1607 until the end of the French and Indian War when England and other countries started colonies in America Europe wanted Gold, God and Glory. Mercantilism The original 13 colonies came into existence in order to provide economic benefit to England. Revolution 1775 until American colonies rebelled against England. No taxation w/o representation. Mercantilism / unfair taxes Lack of rights for colonists American independence Drafting the Declaration of Independence 1776 See above. Americans wanted to be free from England. Unique document American independence Other countries followed our example. Creation and Ratification of the Constitution 1787 Articles of Confederation was not working. Government couldn’t get anything done. Lasting government system with 3 branches, limited government and a bill of rights. What is it? What is it? What is it? What is it?

6 History 1: You understand traditional historical points of reference in U.S. history to 1877ERA / EVENT What /When was it? Causes Effects Early Republic 1787 – 1824 Presidencies of 1st six presidents. Constitution created a new government. Many precedents were started. The U.S. grew U.S. established foreign policy. The Age of Jackson Presidency of Andrew Jackson Popularity of Andrew Jackson. “common people” became involved in politics due to new voting laws. Jackson changed power of presidency. Common man has more of a say. Native Americans in OK Westward Expansion Mid 19th century Manifest Destiny Better transportation American desire for economic opportunity America grew and spread across North America. Negative effects on Native Americans. Reform Movements 2nd Great Awakening Mid 19th Century Period of time when people worked to change things for the better…sometimes due to new religious spirit. Transcendentalism Charismatic preachers New American denominations Public schools, abolition, suffrage, care of mentally ill What is it? What is it? What is it? What is it?

7 History 1: You understand traditional historical points of reference in U.S. history to 1877ERA / EVENT What /When was it? Causes Effects Northern and Southern parts of the United States grew apart. Economic differences States rights U.S. Civil War Civil War War between the Union and Confederacy Sectionalism Slavery States Rights Election of Abraham Lincoln Many, many dead. Union Preserved Reconstruction Period of rebuilding the union after the Civil War US Civil War Racial tension and discrimination. End of slavery 13th, 14th 15th amendments What is it? Sectionalism What is it? What is it? Wow! You made it through that chart. This information will be repeated as we move through the other 30 TEKS! Did you write down the events and eras? A good way to study will be to cover one column and see if you can remember what should be in it.

8 History 1: You understand traditional historical points of reference in U.S. history to 1877B. apply absolute and relative chronology through the sequencing of significant individuals, events, and time periods This means that you can put things in order. Let’s practice a few. Record what you think on your study guide and then we’ll check your answers.

9 History 1: You understand traditional historical points of reference in U.S. history to 1877Put these events of the Revolution in order from first to last: Saratoga Lexington Yorktown Trenton Boston Massacre Valley Forge How did you do? 1. Boston Massacre 2. Lexington Trenton Saratoga Valley Forge Yorktown Let’s Do one More

10 History 1: You understand traditional historical points of reference in U.S. history to 1877Put these documents in order from first to last. Declaration of Independence Bill of Rights Mayflower Compact Magna Carta Constitution Emancipation Proclamation How did you do? Magna Carta Mayflower Compact Declaration of Independence Constitution Bill of Rights Emancipation Proclamation

11 History 1: You understand traditional historical points of reference in U.S. history to 1877C. Explain the Significance of the Following Dates (I’m not going to type the rest here because that will give it away!) There are 6 dates that you should know. You should know what makes these dates significant. You have the dates listed on your study guide. Take a minute right now and see if you can write down what happened in each year. On the next side we’ll check them. Make sure you have the correct answer on your guide.

12 History 1: You understand traditional historical points of reference in U.S. history to 1877 1620 1776 1787 1803 1607 Founding of Plymouth for Religious Reasons Signing of the Mayflower Compact Founding of Jamestown 1st Permanent English Settlement Louisiana Purchase Size of America Doubles Adoption of the Declaration of Independence CIVIL WAR Writing of the US Constitution

13 History 2: You Understand the causes of the Exploration and Colonization ErasA. Identify the reasons for European exploration and colonization of America Can you remember the 3 G’s? Write them down. LORY European countries were in a race to conquer new lands in order to make their empires larger. Individual explorers could get famous by finding new land. OD European countries and monarchs wanted to find new lands in order to spread Christianity and convert the natives. OLD European countries wanted to find riches from Asia. They searched for the Northwest Passage because of this.

14 History 2: You Understand the causes of the Exploration and Colonization ErasB. Compare Political, Economic, Religious and Social Reasons for the Establishment of the 13 colonies Colony Founder Reason Massachusetts Puritans/Pilgrims Religious freedom Rhode Island Roger Williams Differences w/ Puritans Connecticut Thomas Hooker Pennsylvania William Penn Place for all including Quakers Maryland Lord Baltimore Place for all including Catholics DESPITE ALL OF THESE REASONS, ALL COLONIES WERE ALSO FOUNDED FOR ECONOMIC REASONS. THEY WERE SUPPOSED TO MAKE MONEY FOR ENGLAND. Can you think of any colonies that were founded for Religious reasons? Some colonies were founded for Political Reasons. Can you think of any? As we go through this slide, fill out your chart. Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe as a refuge for debtors. This was a social experiment to give a 2nd chance to those who owed a lot of money One reason Georgia was founded was as a buffer against Spanish Florida. Can you think of a SOCIAL reason Georgia was founded?

15 History 3: You Understand the Foundations of Representative Government in the United StatesLet’s make sure you understand. What is Representative Government? A government where…. People vote for representatives Representatives give a voice to the people If representatives don’t follow the will of the people, they won’t get re-elected.

16 History 3: You Understand the Foundations of Representative Government in the United StatesA. Explain the growth of representative government during the colonial period. Why did colonists form their own governments? England was far away. Decisions for local matters needed to be made quickly England let the colonies form governments

17 Document / Institution How did it help representative government grow?History 3: You Understand the Foundations of Representative Government in the United States B. Analyze the importance of the Mayflower Compact, the Fundamental Orders of Government and the Virginia House of Burgesses to the growth of representative government. Document / Institution What was it? How did it help representative government grow? VA House of Burgesses 1st Representative government in the colonies It allowed citizens of Virginia to vote for people to represent them in an assembly that made laws. Mayflower Compact Agreement made by Pilgrim men to govern themselves with majority rule Pilgrims voted on issues important to them and practiced self-government. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1st Constitution Term Limits Regular Elections What was it? What did it do? What was it? What did it do? What did it do? What was it?

18 What did you write? Share with the class.History 3: You Understand the Foundations of Representative Government in the United States C. Describe how religion and virtue contributed to the growth of representative government Here’s the text of the Mayflower Compact. Write down some words and phrases that show how religion and/or virtue inspired this document What did you write? Share with the class. In the name of God, Amen. We whose names are under-written, the loyal subjects of our dread sovereign Lord, King James, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith, etc. Having undertaken, for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith, and honor of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia, do by these presents solemnly and mutually, in the presence of God, and one of another, covenant and combine our selves together into a civil body politic, for our better ordering and preservation and furtherance of the ends aforesaid; and by virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the Colony, unto which we promise all due submission and obedience.

19 The Stamp Act Proclamation of 1763 French & Indian WarHistory 4: You understand significant political and economic issues of the Revolutionary Era A. Analyze the causes of the American Revolution How did each of these events cause the American Revolution? The Stamp Act Proclamation of 1763 French & Indian War Mercantilism Intolerable Acts Colonists resented this economic system. It made England (the mother country) rich at the expense of the colonies who supplied it with natural resources. Colonists were upset that England wouldn’t let them move west of the Appalachians England was in financial trouble after this war. They felt that the colonies should help pay for it so they taxed the colonists to raise revenue. Colonists were upset that Boston harbor was closed to trade and that the Massachusetts Assembly had been disbanded as punishment for the Boston Tea Party Colonists felt like this tax on paper goods was not fair because they didn’t have representation in Parliament.

20 History 4: You understand significant political and economic issues of the Revolutionary EraYou know a lot of people from the America Revolution. Crispus Attucks Samuel Adams Thomas Paine John Adams Mercy Otis Warren Thomas Jefferson Bernardo de Galvez James Armistead Wentworth Cheswell Abigail Adams Benjamin Franklin Marquis de Lafayette Haym Salomon Patrick Henry Boston Patriot associated with Sons of Liberty Let boycotts against taxed British goods Wrote “Common Sense” – Convinced Americans to support independence. Wrote “The Crisis” – Encouraged America to keep fighting when things looked bad. 2nd Continental Congress Member of the Declaration Writing Committee King George III Patriot writer and propagandist George Washington Led the Spanish against the British Slave who acted as a spy (double agent) for the Patriots Killed in Boston Massacre Death used as propaganda for Patriot cause African American who alerted the Continental Army about British troop movements Asked her husband to “remember the ladies” in the new government. Made ammunition for the Continental Army Helped write the Declaration Convinced the French to help the American cause French noble. French general who commanded troops during the war. Military Strategist. King of England during revolution Hated by Patriots. Used his own money to help finance the Revolutionary War. Famous Patriot. Known for saying “Give me liberty or give me death!” Main writer of the Declaration of Independence General and leader of the Continental Army

21 Treaty of Paris 1783 Battle of Yorktown Lexington & ConcordHistory 4: You understand significant political and economic issues of the Revolutionary Era C: explain the issues surrounding important events of the American Revolution Here are some descriptions of events during this time period. See if you can identify what they are! This ended the war. Gave official independence to America Granted America British land in North America The first battles of the American Revolution. Sometimes called “The shot heard ‘round the world!” Happened because the British were searching for weapons and Patriot leaders. This Battle was known as the “Turning Point” because after the American victory, the French agreed to assist the Patriot cause. Treaty of Paris 1783 Battle of Yorktown Lexington & Concord Place where Washington and the troops spent a horrible winter where many men died of exposure and starvation Battle of Saratoga Last Battle of the Revolution. British General Cornwallis surrendered. Valley Forge

22 History 4: You understand significant political and economic issues of the Revolutionary EraD. analyze the issues of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, including the Great Compromise and the Three-Fifths Compromise The Constitutional Convention met in Philadelphia in It’s original purpose was to fix the Articles of Confederation which weren’t working. Instead, they ended up creating an entirely new government!! Let’s look at two compromises from this period, shall we…..

23 History 4: You understand significant political and economic issues of the Revolutionary EraIn deciding how to determine representation in the new government, there was an argument! LARGE STATES Bicameral (2 House) Legislature SMALL STATES HOW DO YOU FIX THAT? One House (House of Representatives) Based on Population The Other House (Senate) Equal Represenation 2 Senators / States Wanted representation based on population Wanted Equal Representation

24 Each slave = 3/5 person for both taxation and representationHistory 4: You understand significant political and economic issues of the Revolutionary Era Because population would determine how many members of the House a state would get there was an argument about how to count slaves. The South Wanted Slaves to Count For Population But Not for taxation The North Wanted Slaves to Count For taxation But Not for representation The Compromise: Each slave = 3/5 person for both taxation and representation

25 History 4: You understand significant political and economic issues of the Revolutionary EraE: analyze the arguments for and against ratification For Ratification Against Ratification Federalists Anti-Federalists Favored strong national government Favored strong state governments Wanted a strong executive Feared a strong executive Thought it was dangerous to list individual rights in the Constitution Wanted a Bill of Rights to ensure that individuals’ rights were protected

26 History 5: The student understands the challenges confronted by the government and its leaders in the early years of the republic and the Age of Jackson A. describe major domestic problems faced by the leaders of the new republic. Setting Up Court System Judiciary Act 1789 Created Supreme Court and lower courts Creating Stable Economic System Hamilton’s Plan Pay off debts raise govt. revenue (taxes) National Bank Maintaining National Security Created Secretary of War Built forts for National Defense Defining Authority of Central Govt. Using power to stop rebellion (Whiskey Rebellion)

27 History 5: The student understands the challenges confronted by the government and its leaders in the early years of the republic and the Age of Jackson B. summarize arguments regarding protective tariffs, taxation, and the banking system Protective tariffs – designed to raise the price of imported products making them less attractive to consumers and promote purchase of domestic products. Favored by Northern Industrial States. Opposed by Southern States whose economy was based on agriculture and bought most products from foreign countries Taxation – Federal government maintained right to tax certain goods for revenue purposes Banking System – Hamilton argued for the creation of a national bank to issue currency and provide loans to businesses and individuals and strengthen the national government. Others, including Jefferson and Madison, opposed a national bank on the belief that the national government would gain too much. Both supported their argument on interpretation of the Constitution (Elastic Clause allowed it)

28 History 5: The student understands the challenges confronted by the government and its leaders in the early years of the republic and the Age of Jackson C. explain the origin and development of American political parties The origin of these new parties was disagreement over Hamilton’s Financial Plan. Federalists Democratic Republicans Strong National Government Limited National Government Loose Construction of Constitution Strict Construction of Constitution Economy based on industry Economy based on Agriculture Wanted Elite to run country Believed in Common Man Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson

29 explain the causes, important events, and effects of the War of 1812History 5: The student understands the challenges confronted by the government and its leaders in the early years of the republic and the Age of Jackson explain the causes, important events, and effects of the War of 1812 Causes British interference in Trade Impressment of American sailors British support of Native Americans Important Events Burning of Washington D.C. Writing of Star Spangled Banner Battle of New Orleans / Andrew Jackson Treaty of Ghent Effects Patriotism Increased US Manufacturing Increased Native American Resistance Weakened Andrew Jackson = American Hero

30 History 5: The student understands the challenges confronted by the government and its leaders in the early years of the republic and the Age of Jackson E. identify the foreign policies of presidents Washington through Monroe and explain the impact of Washington's Farewell Address and the Monroe Doctrine I tried to be neutral and maintain peace with Europe. I had the XYZ Affair where France tried to bribe us. We almost went to war over that. In my Farewell Address, I cautioned American to be NEUTRAL in its foreign policy. I said there should be no permanent foreign alliances I tried to stay neutral. I even created the Embargo Act to try to keep us out of foreign conflict I wasn’t neutral. We fought England in the War of 1812 during my administration The Monroe Doctrine tells Europe to stay out of the Western Hemisphere. America is the protector of new democracies in South and Central America.

31 History 5: The student understands the challenges confronted by the government and its leaders in the early years of the republic and the Age of Jackson F: explain the impact of the election of Andrew Jackson, including expanded suffrage Why would some refer to Andrew Jackson as “King Andrew”? Jackson is 1st to be elected after expansion of voting rights allowed people to vote who didn’t own property Jackson is 1st to be elected after expansion of voting rights allowed people to vote who didn’t own property Introduced the spoils system Vetoed National Bank Introduced the spoils system Vetoed National Bank Modern Democratic Party Modern Democratic Party Jacksonian Democracy – Rise of Common people, increased power of the President

32 History 5: The student understands the challenges confronted by the government and its leaders in the early years of the republic and the Age of Jackson G: analyze the reasons for the removal and resettlement of Cherokee Indians during the Jacksonian era, including the Indian Removal Act, Worcester v. Georgia, and the Trail of Tears WORCESTER v. GEORGIA INDIAN REMOVAL ACT TRAIL OF TEARS MATCH!!!!! forced removal of Cherokee Indians from native lands to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi Jackson supported removal policy of Indians from land desired by American citizens Jackson defied Marshall Supreme Court’s decision to stop Georgia’s removal of the Cherokee Indians from land in Georgia

33 History 6: The student understands westward expansion and its effects on the political, economic, and social development of the nation A: explain how the Northwest Ordinance established principles and procedures for orderly expansion of the United States Outlines steps to become a state Adopted in 1787 new states would be admitted on equal footing Applied a plan of government that would later be applied to all new land areas in the national domain (how territories could become states) Guaranteed inhabitants freedom of religion, civil liberties, and free public education forbid slavery Divided land evenly using grid system

34 History 6: The student understands westward expansion and its effects on the political, economic, and social development of the nation B: explain the political, economic, and social roots of Manifest Destiny C:analyze the relationship between the concept of Manifest Destiny and the westward growth of the nation Manifest Destiny – Belief that the US Should expand from Coast to Coast Political Roots Social Roots Economic Roots Treaties with other countries gave US Land Conflict w/ Native Americans Desire for religious freedom (Mormons) Free or cheap land in the west

35 History 6: The student understands westward expansion and its effects on the political, economic, and social development of the nation D: explain the causes and effects of the U.S.-Mexican War and their impact on the United States Causes Desire of US to Annex Texas Expansion of slavery (more land for plantations) Border Disputes Events/ Impact Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Border at Rio Grande Mexican Cession

36 History 6: The student understands westward expansion and its effects on the political, economic, and social development of the nation identify areas that were acquired to form the United States, including the Louisiana Purchase You have a blank map in your packet. Can you sketch in these areas and write how/why we acquired them? Original 13 colonies Land from England 1783 Louisiana Purchase Spanish Cession (Florida) Mexican Cession Oregon Country Gadsden Purchase

37 History 6: The student understands westward expansion and its effects on the political, economic, and social development of the nation You have another blank map in your packet. Can you label these places? Draw them in if you have to. Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Rocky Mountains Appalachian Mountains New England Southern Colonies Mississippi River Proclamation of 1763 line Oregon Trail Santa Fe Trail Mormon Trail

38 That’s It! You’ve completed the History TEKS. There are a few more but they are about the Civil War/ Reconstruction and you’ll be learning them for the first time with your Social Studies teacher. Your Social Studies Teacher will also be reviewing government, economics, culture, technology and citizenship with you.

39 THANK YOUR EXCEL TEACHER FOR TAKING THE TIME TO PREPARE YOU FOR STAAR!