1 Spanish 2001 Gordon State College Spring 2016 Darren Broome, Ph.D.

2 Dia uno Introduction to course Syllabus

3 Dia dos Vocabulario, leccion 11 (368-369) 3 p. 369

4 Mandatos familiares Los mandatos afirmativos con tu tienen la misma forma de la tercera persona singular del presente de indicativo. Hablar →habla, comer→come, escribir→escribe Algunos irregulares afirmativos: Di (decir), haz (hacer), ve (ir), sal (salir), sé (ser), ten (ten), ven (venir), d

5 Cuidado con los verbos que terminan en: –car, - gar, -zar Sacar-no saques Apagar-no apagues Almorzar-no almuerces

6 Para formar los mandatos familiares negativos, hay que conjugar en la primera personal singular del presente Después, remover “o” y anadir: No + es (-ar) No + as (-er,-ir) Poner-pongo-no pongas Pedir-pido-no pidas Hacer-hago-no hagas Traer-traigo-no traigas Ofrecer-ofrezco-no ofrezcas

7 Mandatos familiares negativos irregulares: Dar (no dés), estar (no estés), ir (no vayas), saber (no sepas), ser (no seas)

8 Contesta las preguntas siguientes afirmativa y negativamente. Sigue el modelo: Debo contestar la llamada? Sí, contéstala -No, no la contestes. 1.Debo comprar la camisa? 2.Debo salir de la casa? 3.Debo hacer la tarea? 4.Debo decir la verdad?

9 Familiar commands Intentalo p. 379 1, 2 p. 380 Mini-quiz (in class),- familiar commands: Tuesday, 1/12/2016

10 Dia dos Review commands Text: inténtalo, 1 (p. 380-81) Take quiz

11 PORPARA * by, by means of. Example: 'Viajo por auto'. (= I travel by car.) * through, along. Example: 'Quiero caminar por la vereda'. (= I want to walk on the sidewalk.) * in order to. Example: 'Venimos para jugar'. (= We come to play.) * to be given to. Example: 'El dinero es para ti'. (= The money is for you.)

12 PORPARA * during, in (a time of day). Example: Desayuna por la mañana'. (= She eats breakfast in the morning.) * in exchange for. Example: 'Quiero $50 por mi vieja bicicleta'. (= I want $50 for my old bicycle. * by (a deadline). Example: 'Tenemos que terminar para el lunes'. (= We have to finish by Monday.) * to be used for. Example: 'El martillo es para clavar clavos'. (= The hammer is for nailing nails.)

13 porpara * for the sake of, on behalf of. Example: 'Mis amigos hablan por mí'. (= My friends speak for me.) * duration of time. Example: 'Trabajamos por tres horas'. (= We worked for three hours.) * as compared with others. Example: 'Para ser un viejo, juega bien'.(= For an old man) * to work for. Example: 'Trabajo para Walmart'. (= I work for Walmart.)

14 * fixed expressions like 'por lo general' (= generally), 'por favor'(= please), 'por lo menos' (= at least), 'por ejemplo' (= for example),'por eso' (= that's why), etc. Por ejemplo: 'No me gusta. Por eso, no lo hago'. (= I don't like it. That's why, I don't do it.) Review in text: intentalo, 1 (p.383-384_

15 A reciprocal structure expresses a shared or reciprocal action between two or more people or things. To say it another way, they all do it “to one another.” Only the plural forms of the reflexive pronouns (nos, se) are used to express reciprocal actions since the action must involve more than one person or thing.

16 Examples: 1.Ellos se miran. They look at each other. 2.Nos vemos. We see each other. 3.Ellos se dan la mano. They shake each other’s hand. 4.Nos hablamos. We talk to one another. 5.Paco y usted se escriben cartas. Paco and you write each other letters. 6.Nos ayudamos. We help each other.

17 Traducir: 1.When do you see each other every week? 2.We buy each other gifts. 3.My neighbors (vecinos) yell (gritar)at one another. 4.You shouldn’t tell each other everything. 5.They meet each other at the gym. Intentalo, 1, 3 (p.386-387)

18 Dia tres We have already learned unstressed possessive adjectives in an earlier lesson [mi(s), tu(s), su(su), nuestro/a(s)]. The stressed possessive adjectives also emphasize possession or ownership of the noun. We have them in English: of mine, of yours, of theirs, of ours, etc. If I want I can say, Paco is my friend, but I could also say, Paco is a friend of mine.

19 Mío/mía(s) [of mine] Tuyo/tuya(s) [of yours-familiar] Suyo/suya(s) [of yours, of his, of yours, of theirs] Nuestro/nuestra(s) [of ours]

20 How do they work? Article + noun + stressed possesive adjective Paco es mi (unstressed) amigo. (Paso is a my friend.) Let’s change to “stressed possesive adjective. Paco es un amigo mío. (Paco is a friend of mine.) Remember: stressed possessive adjectives agree in number and gender with the nouns they are modifying and are positioned after the noun.

21 Let’s change the following sentences to the unstressed possessive adjective form: 1.Una de mis casas está en ese barrio. 2.Su tarea tiene errores. 3.Nuestra impresora no funciona. 4.Mis zapatos están sucios.

22 1.Una casa mía está en ese barrio. 2.La tarea suya tiene errores. 3.La impresora nuestra no funciona. 4.Los zapatos míos están sucios.

23 Now, if you understand stressed possessive adjectives, you will find possessive pronouns very simple. All we need to know is that they are the same as the possessive adjectives but without the noun and with a definitive article. In English, we use possessive adjectives all the same. For example: Johnny, do you have your homework today? No, I don’t have mine.

24 1.¿Dónde estacionas tu coche? Where do you park your car? 2.¿Trae Carlos su libro de texto a la clase? Does Carlos bring his textbook to class? 3.¿Dónde está la casa de ustedes? Where is your house?

25 1.Estaciono el mío en el garage. I park mine in the garage. 2.No, no trae el suyo a la clase. No, he does not bring his to class. 3.La nuestra está en la avenida Gómez. Ours is in Gomez Avenue.

26 Por vs. para Reciprocal pronouns Stressed pronouns

27 Dia cuatro Relative pronouns. Relative expressions typically refer back to another expression or concept which preceded it. The most frequently used type is the relative pronoun, usually expressed in English as that,which, or who(m). We can even omit these pronouns in many cases in English. The noun, pronoun, or phrase to which these relative pronouns refer back to is called the antecedent.

28 Antecedent+relative pronouns + clause The man that you met in my uncle. The man whom you met is my uncle. The man you met is my uncle.

29 There are several differences between English and Spanish regarding relatives: 1) In Spanish we cannot omit the relative pronoun as occurred in the last example above; 2) Spanish highlights the difference between relative pronouns and similarly spelled question words by not using accent marks on the relatives; 3) There are a wider range of relative pronouns from which to choose in Spanish:

30 Que….that, which, who, whom Quien, quenes…who (or whom, after a preposition) The relative pronoun, que, must be used when the relative pronoun comes immediately after the antecedent, that is, when there is nothing between the two, not even a comma. “Que” is the most widely used relative pronouns. It is used for both people and objects, and may serve as the subject or object of the clause which follows:

31 La pluma que está en la mesa no es mía. (The pen that/which is on the table is not mine) Tengo el libro que buscas (I have the book that, which you are looking for.) Conozco a la chica que vive alli (I know the girl that/who lives there) El hombre que ves es mi abuela The man (whom) you see is my grandfather)

32 Neuter relative pronoun: lo que (which, what, the thing that). Lo que refers to a situation or concept, and not to a specific masculine or feminine noun or pronoun. Tip: when the word “what” appears in a sentence and is not a question word, it is normally translated as lo que.

33 Enrique empezó a gritar en voz muy alta, lo que le molestó mucho a su familia.Enrique began to shout in a very loud voice, which upset his family very much [The thing referred back to is not a noun phrase such as the ‘the shout’ or ‘his shouts’ but the situation involving idea or the action of shouting]

34 No puedo describir lo que vi en la calle esta mañana. I can't describe what I saw in the street this morning. [que could not be used here, since there is no antecedent given in the sentence.] Lo que dijiste no tiene sentido. What you said doesn't make any sense. [Again, que could not be used here, since there is no antecedent given in the sentence.]

35 Quien and the plural form quienes (who) are used when the antecedent is a person and there is some distance between the antecedent and the relative pronoun, usually a comma or a short (one- or two-syllable) preposition: ¿Donde están las secretarias a quienes hablé esta mañana? Where are the secretaries I spoke to this morning [to whom I spoke this morning]?

36 Maria es la mujer con quien quería casarme. Maria is the woman I wanted to marry. Nadie parece cononcer a Miguel, de quien está enamorado Elena. No one seems to know Miguel, whom Elena is in love with/of whom Elena is enamored. Intentalo, 2: p 415-416 Relative pronouns

37 Día seis Formal commands Time to learn formal commands. We already know informal commands (tú). If you remember how to form a negative tú command, you should have no problem forming usted commands. For regular formal commands, we will conjugate the verb in the “yo” form, then drop the “o” (just like negative tú commands). Afterwards, we will add “a” for –er and –ir verbs, and add “e” for –ar verbs. You will add “n” if it is a “ustedes” command.

38 For instance the formal command for these verbs. Let’s follow the steps. hacer → Hago → hag(o) → haga venir → vengo → veng(o) → venga pensar → pienso → piens(o) → piense

39 If we want to give a negative command, just place “no” before the verb. Also, regarding the pronouns with commands, we will attach them if the command is affirmative but the pronouns will precede a negative command. Do the homework! ¡Haga la tarea! Do it (homework)! ¡hágala! (Don’t forget the accent mark to maintain stress.) Don’t do it (homework)! ¡No la haga!

40 Intentalo, 1: p. 419-420 Formal commands FORMAL COMMANDS (crossword)FORMAL COMMANDS Mini quiz 3, Thursday (1/26) over relative pronouns and formal commands (usted/ustedes)

41 Dia 6 Mini quiz 3

42 Spanish verbs have both MOOD and TENSE. Thus far, we have been in the INDICATIVE MOOD. PRESENT, PRETERITE, IMPERFECT 1.Yo hablo español con mis amigos. 2.Anoche yo hablé con mis amigos. 3.Antes yo hablaba con mis amigos.

43 What is the root of the word INDICATIVE? Nosotros vamos al cine... Me gustan las vacas... Yo puedo jugar al golf muy bien Those sentences factual?

44 What is the root of the word SUBJUNCTIVE With indicative, it might also be thought of as "objective if they were in a courtroom and on trial for their life, would they rather give “objective” or “subjective” testimony?

45 The following is the formula to "see" the structure of this somewhat difficult grammatical concept. 1st subject + 1st verb trigger+QUE+2nd subject+2nd verb(subjunctive) +ROTS There are certain verbs in the Spanish language that when you see them...hear them...plan to speak them, the whistles, bells and sirens start going off in your mind: 'This could be...It might be... It's real possible that...this is going to be a subjunctive sentence!!!' We call them "TRIGGER" verbs because they trigger your mind to start thinking about the SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.

46 Trigger Verbs Querer Desear Esperar Dudar Aconsejar Pedir Insistir (en) Mandar Permitir Recomendar Sugerir Necesitar Trigger impersonal expressions Es importante Es bueno Es interesante Es posible Es problable Es necesario Es mejor Es malo Es dudoso

47 How to form? Find the infinitive Conjugate into the "Yo" form, PRESENT tense, INDICATIVE mood Drop the "-o If it is an –ar verb, add: a amos asáis aan If is an –er or –ir verb, add: eemos eséis een

48 1 st subject + 1 st verb + QUE + 2 nd subject + 2 nd verb ROTS 1 st verb must be indicative and 2 nd verb is subjunctive if there is a subject change.

49 Yo quiero que mis padres coman en mi casa. Subjunctive, right?

50 1.Es importante que Ryan ___________ para el quiz (ESTUDIAR). Yes, subjunctive, “Estudie” because we have a trigger, “que” and subject change. 2.Necesito ______________este fin de semana (TRABAJAR). No, we have trigger verb but there is not “que” and no subject change: “trabajar.” 3.Nik y Anslee esperan que Aubry y Danielle __________ un trabajo bueno (ENCONTRAR). Yes, subjunctive: “encuentren”. We have a trigger verb, a “que” and subject change.

51 4.La novia de Chuck permite que él la __________ en ocaciones especiales (BESAR). Subjunctive: “bese.” We have a trigger verb, “permite,” “que” and subject change, “él.” 5.Elena, Will, y Cisco quieren que yo_______ les notas buenas (DAR). Subjunctive: “dé.” Trigger verb, “quieren,”; “que”; and subject change “yo.” 6.Es probable que Will ____________ con una supermodela algun día (CASARSE) * Subjunctive: “se case.” We have the tigger verb “es probable,” the “que,” and subject change, Will. 7.Es necesario ______________ (estudiar) No subjunctive here. Yes, we have a trigger verb, but no “que” and no subject change. So, it is “estudiar.”

52 Subjunctive overview Verb chart: indicative, preterite, subjunctive Subjunctive 1

53 Dia siete Review subjunctive Exercises in text Intentalo, 1, intentalo, 1 (p.424- 428) Recapitulacion: p.430-431 Composition 1: Thursday, 2/4/2016

54 Dia ocho Empezar leccion 13 Ex. 3, p. 443 6 p. 444 Subjuntivo …emocion Intentalo, 2

55 Subjunctive emotion

56 Traducir 1.They want us to buy them the notebook 2.It is better that he go to the airport early. 3.The boss doesn’t let us smoke in the office 4.I suggest we meet again next week. 5.I don’t want them to arrive early. 6.I’m delighted you understand physics. 7.I hope we live may live one hundred years or more. 8.I ask you to help me with the project. 9.It is necessary to study every day. 10.The professor does not allow our talking in class.

57 Dia nueve Subjunctive emotion Subjunctive doubt Subjunctive Triggers Composition 1: Imagine you are going away for the weekend and you are letting some of your friends stay in your house. Write instructions for your friends telling them how to take care of the house. Employ the subjunctive to describe how to make sure your house is in good shape when you get home.

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59 Dia (diez) 10 1.Quero que tu tienes bueno dia. 2.Que es necesario lava platos. 3.Espere ustedes limpien mi casa. 4.Es necesario que ustedes ser responsable. 5.Desee ustedes divertirse. 6.Quiero mi casa limpia. 7.Yo aconseja que tú lave los platos, hago la cama. 8.Pero yo espiero que uds. No detruan la casa. 9.Sugero que tú saques la basura. 10.Recomiendo que tú comas el pescado. 11.Es fácil por mi casa ensuciar. 12.Deseo que no tenges una fiesta. 13.Regresso 14.Necessito 15.Insisto que tú laves los platos. 16.Querno que tú arregles la sala y la cocina en jueves. 17.En lunes…

60 Conjunctions that require subjunctive Conjunctions subjunctive exercise Rewrite due: 2/16/2016 (Tuesday)

61 Dia once No class

62 Dia doce Review exs. Lesson 13 Comenzar leccion 13