1 Splash Screen

2 The Renaissance Why did the Renaissance begin in the Italian city-states? Chapter Intro 1

3 The BIG Idea Ideas, Beliefs, and Values Between 1350 and 1550, Italian intellectuals believed they had entered a new age of human achievement. Section 1-Main Idea

4 Content Vocabulary Academic Vocabulary urban society secularmercenaries dowry Academic Vocabulary instability decline Section 1-Key Terms

5 People, Places, and EventsItalian Renaissance Leonardo da Vinci Milan Venice Florence Francesco Sforza Cosimo de´ Medici Lorenzo de´ Medici Rome Niccolò Machiavelli Section 1-Key Terms

6 The Italian RenaissanceAs the Renaissance began, three Italian city-states were the centers of Italian political, economic, and social life. Section 1

7 The Italian Renaissance (cont.)Renaissance – “rebirth” The Italian Renaissance lasted from 1350 to It was a time period in which Europeans believed they had witnessed a rebirth of the ancient Greek and Roman worlds. Characteristics of the Renaissance: The Renaissance was mainly led by an urban society, and Italian city-states came to dominate political, social, and economic life. Section 1

8 The Italian Renaissance (cont.)The Renaissance witnessed the rise of a secular (non religious) viewpoint of wealth and material items. The Renaissance occurred during a time of recovery from the disasters of the fourteenth century: the plague, political instability, and a decline of Church power. Renaissance Italy, 1500 Section 1

9 The Italian Renaissance (cont.)The Renaissance also stressed the individual ability of human beings – high regard for human worth and what individuals could achieve. Leon Batitsta Alberti – “Men can do all things if they will” Well-rounded individuals, such as Leonardo da Vinci, emphasized the belief that individuals could create a new social ideal – he was a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and mathematician. Renaissance Italy, 1500 Section 1

10 The Italian Renaissance (cont.)The wealthy upper class, actively embraced the new ideas and activities. Ordinary People found it hard to ignore– churches, homes, public buildings decorated with art and celebrated religious and secular themes, the human body, and classical antiquity. With the lack of centralized power, Italian city-states such as Milan, Venice, and Florence played a crucial role in Italian economics and politics. Flourishing trade – silks, sugar & spices Section 1

11 The Italian Renaissance (cont.)In 1447, Francesco Sforza conquered Milan using an army of mercenaries. Sforza created wealth for the government by creating an efficient tax system. Venice was also located in a strategic position, as a trading link between Asia and Western Europe. Venice became the cultural center of Italy. Republic with an elected leader a called a doge, however it was run by rich merchants Renaissance Italy, 1500 Section 1

12 The Italian Renaissance (cont.)In 1434, Cosimo de’ Medici and his family came to control Florence using their wealth and personal influence. Cosimo’s grandson Lorenzo de’ Medici later ruled the city when it became the cultural center of Italy. Late 1400’s – economic decline in Florence Cloth competition increased Girolamo Savonarola – condemned the Medici family – took over Florence People got tired of his strict rules on gambling, swearing, painting, music and books that he was eventually charged with heresy and put to death Renaissance Italy, 1500 Section 1

13 The Italian Renaissance (cont.)French King Charles VIII – attracted to the riches of Italy – led an army of 30,000 into Italy in 1494 The Spanish replied to the Italian cries of assistance and engaged the French in a 30-year war on the Apennine Peninsula. The turning point of the war came in 1527 when soldiers and mercenaries of Spain’s King Charles I, who had not been paid in months, sacked Rome. Spain became the dominant force in Italy. Section 1

14 Why did the French and Spanish go to war over the Italian city-states?A. To end Muslim influence in the region B. To end the influence of the pope C. To convert the people to Catholicism D. To gain the wealth of the city-states A B C D Section 1

15 Machiavelli on Power Machiavelli’s The Prince has profoundly influenced political leaders. Section 1

16 Machiavelli on Power (cont.)Niccolò Machiavelli wrote a book called The Prince on how to get and hold political power. He stated that a ruler must put the state first and not focus on moral principles. Machiavelli’s rejection of popular Christian values would have a profound influence on the political leaders who followed. Let your conscience sleep Section 1

17 What was the central idea of Machiavelli’s The Prince?A. Family dynasties are the most effective rulers. B. Politics should not be restricted by morality. C. Religion is necessary as a unifying force. D. Monarchies are the most effective means of governing. A B C D Section 1

18 Renaissance Society Changes in the social classes occurred during the Renaissance. Section 1

19 Renaissance Society (cont.)Despite being the minority, nobles dominated sixteenth-century Europe during the Renaissance. Nobles, also known as aristocrats, only made up 3% of the population but were the advisors to the king Nobles were expected to live up to certain standards. These ideals were expressed in Baldasarre Castiglione’s The Book of the Courtier. Born into noblehood Warrior Educated with interest in the arts Character, grace, talent Had to follow a code of conduct . Section 1

20 Renaissance Society (cont.)Peasants continued to make up the bulk of European society but were gaining more independence during the Renaissance 85 – 90% of society The growing numbers of townspeople were segregated into social groups. Patricians dominated the social and economic aspect of urban areas; usually the wealthy – bankers, trade, industry Below them were the burghers – shopkeepers, artisans, guild masters followed by the poverty-stricken workers and the unemployed – 30-40% of workers Section 1

21 Renaissance Society (cont.)Marriages were arranged to strengthen business or families The details were usually decided when kids were 2 or 3 years old As in many societies, a dowry was required in marriage contracts. Father was center of Italian family, managed all $, Mom was to supervise the household Dad was in charge of kids until he died or released his kids Children did not become adults at a specific age – only when their dads went before a judge to free them. (early teens to early 20’s) Section 1

22 When did children become adults in Italian society? A. At age seventeen B. When they married C. When they graduated school D. When they were freed by their fathers in front of a judge A B C D Section 1

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35 urban society a system in which cities are the center of political, economic, and social life Vocab1

36 secular worldly Vocab2

37 mercenary a soldier who sells his services to the highest bidderVocab3

38 dowry a gift of money or property paid at the time of marriage, either by the bride’s parents to her husband or, in Islamic societies, by a husband to his wife Vocab4

39 instability not steady; wavering Vocab5

40 decline a change to a lower state or level Vocab6

41 humanism an intellectual movement of the Renaissance based on the study of the humanities, which included grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history Vocab7

42 vernacular the language of everyday speech in a particular regionVocab8

43 fresco a painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water-based paintsVocab9

44 attain to gain or achieve Vocab10

45 style having a distinctive quality or form Vocab11

46 Christian humanism a movement that developed in northern Europe during the Renaissance, combining classical learning (humanism) with the goal of reforming the Catholic Church Vocab12

47 salvation the state of being saved (that is, going to heaven) through faith alone or through faith and good works Vocab13

48 indulgence a release from all or part of punishment for sin by the Catholic Church, reducing time in purgatory after death Vocab14

49 Lutheranism the religious doctrine that Martin Luther developed; it differed from Catholicism in the doctrine of salvation, which Luther believed could be achieved by faith alone, not by good works; Lutheranism was the first Protestant faith Vocab15

50 precise exact or sharply defined Vocab16

51 ignorant unaware; lacking knowledge of Vocab17

52 predestination the belief that God has determined in advance who will be saved (the elect) and who will be damned (the reprobate) Vocab18

53 annul declare invalid Vocab19

54 published printed for distribution Vocab20

55 justification the process of being justified, or deemed worthy of salvation, by God Vocab21

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