1 SSUSH3 Analyze the causes of the American RevolutionExplain how the French and Indian War and the 1763 Treaty of Paris laid the groundwork for the American Revolution Essential Question: How did the French and Indian war lead to the American Revolution?
2 Bell ringer Which of these events first resulted in a change in British Policy toward the American colonists and the establishment of taxes on the Colonial subjects? A) the War of Jenkin's Ear B) the French and Indian War C) the Battle of Lexington and Concord D) beginning of the American Revolution
3 Video Since the British expected the colonist to pay for the French and Indian War, how do you think this fueled the colonies desire to become independent?
4 Answer B. The French and Indian WarThe French and Indian War resulted in a change in British Policy toward the American colonists and the establishment of taxes on the Colonial subjects. The high cost of both the war and further protecting the colonists made the British Parliament increase their taxes on the colonies.
5 Beginning in 1689 Great Britain and France fought a series of wars for control of European and colonial trade French and Indian War was last fought between Great Britain/France and their allies Why fight? Result of ongoing British-American expansion into the Ohio River Valley, which was claimed by the French French persuaded Native American allies to join them in preventing further settlement in the disputed region Great Britain won the War
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7 A Run for Fort Edwards https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eBsq6Cd4Rf0
8 The 1763 Treaty of Paris Negotiated to settle the French and Indian War Provisions Forced France to turn over control of Canada to Great Britain(Why Quebec has 2 official languages) France surrendered its claim to all land east of the Mississippi River Exception New Orleans
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10 Relations between Colonist and Great BritainSuccessfully fought alongside the regular army Seems relations would be strengthened by coordinated effort Instead The relationship became strained and fueled the calls for independence Colonists Felt empowered by their military contributions to the war Felt disrespected by the restrictions and tax burden placed on them by Treaty of Paris Both the French and Indian War and 1763 Treaty of Paris laid the groundwork for the American Revolution
11 Great Britain benefited from war Now controlled largest empire in world Dominant position in Europe However, 70 years of different wars had taken its toll Government was nearly bankrupt French and Indian War had nearly doubled the British national debt Result: those living in the British Isle endured Heavy taxation High inflation unemployment
12 American colonists at end of war could breath a sigh of reliefEuropean and American Indian threats had either ended or were greatly reduced American land speculators sold land in Ohio Valley End of French, Dutch, and Spanish privateers in Caribbean meant colonial merchants could expand their regional trade networks and reap handsome profits by dealing directly with the West Indies, Africa, and other parts of America British government insists that colonist pay for their security…leads to colonist questioning if they really need permanent British garrisons.
13 British Government Saw prosperity of American colonies as a source of revenue to help pay war debts Hoped to lower colonial administrative costs by passing the cost on to their colonies and through enforcement of tariffs or taxes Smuggling would be prosecuted and to ensure this happened established an extensive customs service Crown found it hard to obtain smuggling convictions in colonial courts so created vice-admiralty courts empowered to identify, try, and convict suspected smugglers These courts were superior to colonial courts Did not have a jury Instead a panel of military officers who served as judges American colonists believed was a violation of English civil rights
14 Work period In a group of 2-3 people, design and create a political cartoon detailing the effects of the French and Indian War on the American colonies. Cartoon instructions Use white 8 ½” by 11” paper Tape a 3”x 5” card to the bottom edge of cartoon with the following information Names of your group members Date Title of your cartoon Brief explanation of the cartoon’s meaning The design must be original (bold, readable designs preferred) Use colored pencils or markers (pencils may be used for detailed drawing)
15 Closer On pearson realize Synthesize activity
16 SSUSH3 Analyze the causes of the American Revolutionb. Explain colonial response to the Proclamation of 1763, the stamp act, and the Intolerable acts as seen in the sons and daughters of liberty and the committees of correspondence Essential Question: how did British taxes and restrictive laws placed on the American colonies lead to the American revolution?
17 Bell ringer These American women were famous for boycotting British goods by making homespun cloth and for finding substitutes for tea and sugar (all heavily taxed by the British.) Who were these women? A) Women of the Revolution B) Molly Pitchers C) National Organization of Women D) Daughters of Liberty
18 D. Daughters of Liberty The Daughters of Liberty were a group of women, taking their name from the Sons of Liberty, who helped in the revolution by making goods from home (native) products to help in the boycotting of British goods because of the taxation of these goods.
19 British control After French and Indian War Britain began trying to re-establish control over colonies through policies such as the Proclamation of 1763, the stamp act, and the Intolerable Acts To pay for years of war Parliament was determined to enforce pre-existing British trade laws that had only been casually enforced such as Navigation Acts British government was physically removed from American colonies and lacked an understanding that after years of Salutary Neglect, the colonists were self- sufficient and individualistic These reassertion of control sets up responses and counter responses by both sides, ultimately leading to American Revolution Sons and Daughters of Liberty and Committees of Correspondence led the colonist
20 Reaction of colonist to lawsIgnore it Organize to inform and plan actions Take direct action against British government
21 Work period: Road to Revolution PosterYour groups task is to create a poster of your assigned event. You will present this information to the class during a gallery walk. They will use the information you give them to fill in a chart. Summarize this information, keeping in mind that your classmates will be fitting this onto a chart Your poster must contain the following Title (name of your topic) Year event took place Brief description of event How did the colonist act What was the outcome of the event Events Proclamation Act of 1763 Stamp Act Tea Act First Continental Congress Sugar Act Townshend Act Boston Tea Party Quartering Act Boston Massacre Intolerable Acts
22 Proclamation of 1763 Native Americans are concerned about land they occupied in Ohio River Valley (after the war) No longer under French control Chief Pontiac of the Ottawa Nation led a coalition of Native Americans in attempt to drive British and American colonists out of the region Pontiac’s War Thousands of British Americans are killed as well as hundreds of British troops Concluded with help of Iroquois Confederacy and diplomacy To curtail any more violence parliament passed Proclamation of 1763 Attempt to any more colonists from setting beyond the Appalachian Mountains Angered colonists and wealthy colonial land agents who believed they were entitled to the land they had helped secure through fighting with British in the war
23 British government was unable to enforce law due to vast amount of land in the region and shortage of troops to patrol there Americans ignored the law and settled there anyway
24 Sugar Act of 1764 After 1763 Treaty of Paris British Government announced colonies would be taxed to cover cost of their protection One such tax was Sugar Act of 1764 Imposed tax on importation of molasses Key ingredient for making rum Created Vice-Admiralty courts Angered the American colonial importers who chose to ignore the new laws-they smuggled the stuff Great Britain is unable to enforce this law
25 Stamp Act of 1765 Due to failure of Sugar Act, Parliament passes even more tax laws Stamp Act of 1765 Taxed every document or newspaper printed or used in the colonies Affected everyone in the colonies-not just a select few like molasses importers Taxes ranged from 1 shilling a newspaper to 10 pounds for a lawyer’s license Law required that a stamp be affixed to the taxable property to show tax had been paid Tax was to be paid (not colonial paper money) and would be enforced through the Vice- Admiralty court Colonial agents warned the British Prime Minister, Lord Grenville, that the passage of new tax would be met with widespread anger in colonies
26 Colonial reaction Swift and widespreadCentral argument against the new tax was that the colonies did not have representation in Parliament. Taxes imposed by Parliament on the colonies represented a violation of English civil liberties Massachusetts colonial assembly Created a Committee of Correspondence to efficiently communicate with the other colonies on matters of concern New York Invited other colonies to send delegates to a meeting and organized the Stamp Act Congress to draft formal petitions of protest to Parliament Sons of Liberty Organized in Boston by Samuel Adams Protested the law Often became violent Tax collectors were hung in effigy and their property destroyed
27 Protest Ships purportedly carrying stamps were denied entry to colonial ports New York merchants organized a boycott of British goods Spread to other colonies and had a huge impact on British importers Committee of Correspondence helped to effectively organize the coordinated boycott Rising tide of violence and economic effects of the boycotts led to repel of act in March 1766 Hated law was largely ignored and barely lasted a year
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29 1767 Townshend Acts Lord Townshend, Chancellor of the Exchequer, similar to our US Secretary of the Treasury) Passed a series of new tax laws Expanded the Customs service Expanded the number of Admiralty courts Colonial organization and protest were renewed Daughters of Liberty Boycotted British goods and instead Spun yarn into thread Wove cloth on home looms Made clothes out of homespun Were instrumental in maintaining boycott of British goods
30 Boston Protests and riots were so bad customs agents demands and received military protection The presence of British Army and Navy only intensified animosity further Protests and riots led to partial repeal in 1770 Tax on tea was left
31 1773 Tea Act Designed to expand the British East India Company’s tea monopoly by offering British imported tea at a reduced price in all the British colonies Colonist believed that Parliament was trying to increase tax revenue by getting colonist to buy cheap tea colonial ports turned the tea ships away or refused to handle the British tea Boston The Royal Governor insisted that the tea be kept on board ship until it could be landed- we all know what comes next
32 Boston Tea Party December 16, 1773Members of Sons of Liberty boarded the 3 tea ships and destroyed the cargo British officials had little tolerance for the destruction of British property and passed the Intolerable Acts Designed to punish the American colonies and especially Massachusetts
33 Intolerable Acts Designed to make an example of Massachusetts and hopefully quell the growing resistance to British authority throughout the colonies There were 5 parts Boston Port closed until the value of the destroyed tea was repaid Massachusetts colonial government suspended and placed directly under the control of the royal governor appointed by the king British officials accused of crimes would be tried in England rather than Massachusetts Renewed the Quartering Act of soldiers in the colonies Quebec Act expanded the border of Quebec into land claimed by other colonies
34 Colonies response Instead of forcing Massachusetts into submission the Intolerable Acts effectively unified colonies to work together as a group against British government The experience of Massachusetts could be the experience of any colony Once again Parliament had acted outside the English Constitution and violated the civil rights of the British citizens living in America
35 Closing Projector mode questions on USA test prep
36 SSUSH3 Analyze the causes of the American Revolutionc. Explain the importance of Thomas Paine's Common Sense to the movement for independence Essential question: how did common sense and the declaration of independence convince many Americans that independence was the right choice?
37 Bell ringer Thomas Paine's Common Sense encouraged support for the American independence movement by A) appealing to the colonists' sense of inalienable rights and liberty. B) blaming the British for starting the "peculiar institution" of slavery. C) listing specific grievances against King George III and the British government. D) reminding Americans that colonies fighting for independence rarely resulted in success
38 Answer A. appealing to the colonists' sense of inalienable rights and liberty. Thomas Paine's Common Sense encouraged support for the American independence movement by appealing to the colonists' sense of inalienable rights and liberty. The 48 page pamphlet was written in terms that the average colonist could easily understand and relate to; it eventually had the largest circulation of any publication up to that point in American history
39 Common Sense Published anonymously in January 1776Initially 100, 000 copies were printed generally believed that nearly everyone had either read it or heard it Paine wrote a clearly worded rationale for independence that the common man could understand His argument helped persuade many colonists who were undecided to support cause of independence Common Sense Title: Used to make people think about the absurdity of a large continent being controlled by a small island Asked readers to consider why they would remain loyal to a corrupt king whose laws were unreasonable
40 Famous line from pamphletPrior to publication Most colonists blamed parliament not the king Paine effectively shifted blame from Parliament to King George III Urged reluctant colonists to follow the course of independence through his blunt prose written in the vernacular of the time Famous line from pamphlet Tis time to part
41 Work period Students will read excerpts from Thomas Paine’s Common Sense to learn about the impact of the document on the American Revolution
42 closer Windshield check