1 STANDARDS SS8H7: Evaluate key political, social, and economic changes that occurred in Georgia between 1877 and SS8H8: Analyze the important events that occurred after World War I and their impact on Georgia. WWI Environmental issues Great Depression Eugene Talmadge New Deal

2 World War I AUGUST 1914-NOVEMBER 1918

3 M – Militarism (building up Armies) CAUSES OF WWI M – Militarism (building up Armies) A – Alliances (Agreements to help/defend one another. “You get attacked, we got your back” I – Imperialism (Building up an empire) N – Nationalism (Pride in one’s country and being willing to defend it)

4 AMERICA TRIED TO STAY NEUTRAL!Trigger to WWI: Assassination of (Austrian) Archduke Ferdinand (Sarajevo, Serbia) RESPONSE: AUSTRIA- HUNGARIA ATTACKED SERBIA THE ALLIANCES BROUGHT OTHER COUNTRIES INTO THE WAR. AMERICA TRIED TO STAY NEUTRAL!

5 ALLIES COUNTRIES INVOLVED Serbia Japan Russia Romania France N. AfricaBritain Belgium Portugal ITALY (FROM 1915) UNITED STATES (FROM 1917) COUNTRIES INVOLVED

6 CENTRAL POWERS (AXIS) AUSTRIA-HUNGARY GERMANY BULGARIATHE OTTOMAN EMPIRE (TURKEY)

7 Mistake #1 Mistake #2 Mistake #3German began using u-boats and declared that any allied ship found (even in neutral waters) would be attacked. Mistake #2 In 1915, USA joined allies after German subs (u-boats) sank the LUSITANIA, A BRITISH PASSENGER SHIP. -KILLED 12OO PEOPLE (128 WERE AMERICANS) - Ship was carrying ammunition THIS ACT VIOLATED INTERNATIONAL LAW. ZIMMERMAN TELEGRAM: GERMANY TRIED TO GET MEXICO TO ATTACK THE US – Final Straw – USA joined the War Mistake #3

8 Created the League of Nations 1920WOODROW WILSON WAS FORCED TO ASK CONGRESS TO DECLARE WAR ON GERMANY IN 1917. Created the League of Nations 1920

9 Georgia’s Reaction: LusitaniaFew local papers covered the story. Senator Hoke smith – we did not need to “avenge the deaths of a few rich Americans” Papers in Savannah and Athens warned against supporting War: British blockades prevented trading w/Germany and Austrian markets (GA cotton, Timber, tobacco) Triggered the Great Migration – War jobs up North plus the rebirth of the KKK prompted Blacks leave GA ( ) Loss more than 10% of Black population.

10 Georgia Reaction: Zimmerman TelegramNewspapers flipped views “War Fever” often overwhelming: Newspapers warned to watch for “German spies everywhere” Patriotism questioned – many Americans asked to sign “Declarations of Loyalty” (Labor leaders, teachers, farmers, foreign immigrants) School Superintendent encouraged all students/teachers to take “Loyalty Oath” and plant Liberty Gardens. Teachers stopped teaching German History, Art, and Literature (worried it would be disloyal to USA)

11 GEORGIA’S CONTRIBUTIONS5 major military Installations: Augusta Arsenal Camp Hancock (Augusta) Ft. Screven (Tybee Island) Ft. Oglethorpe (Near Tenn Border) Ft. McPherson (S. of Atlanta) ESTABLISHED TRAINING CAMPS Camp Wheeler (Macon) Camp Greenleaf (Military medical stff) Camp Forrest (Engineers) Souther Field (flight school – near Americus) 100,000 GA men/women enlisted GA had more training camps than any other state. We housed POWs Grew Agricultural products for the soldiers overseas

12 Georgians planted VICTORY gardensRailroads transported goods and soldiers to ports Georgians planted VICTORY gardens

13 Draft: May 18, 1917 Selective Draft Act (Selective Service Act) All Men 21 – 30 required to register Many farmers refused to allow (black) sharecroppers to register or report if called Tom Watson (and Rebecca Felton) opposed the Draft. To fight it, he defended in Federal court two black men jailed in Augusta for not registering. He lost. More than 500,000 men registered in GA

14 Other disasters: British liner Otranto Doughboys (Ft. Screven) – Convoy to England (left 8/25/1918) 1 day from port (Oct.6) – HUGE storm 370 killed – 130 Georgians 1918 – Spanish flu epidemic broke out at numerous Georgia training camps (spread into Augusta) 50 soldiers died Many suffered pneumonia

15 TREATY OF VERSAILLES (1918) Armistice day = Veterans DayRESULTS OF WWI TREATY OF VERSAILLES (1918) Germany had to give up land (to France, Belgium, Denmark, and Poland) Germany’s army reduced Germany penalized $33 million in War damages League of Nations NOVEMBER 11, 1918 THE WAR ENDED WITH AN ARMISTICE Armistice day = Veterans Day