1 The Birth of CivilizationPre-History-period of millions of years before writing 3000 BC: 1st Civilizations Mesopotamia Egypt

2 What Makes a Civilization?Effective and Lasting Gov’t Compelling Religious Beliefs Scientific Advancements Literature Art

3 Analogy of the Earth’s LifespanTake a 24 hour time period Prior to humans: 23 hours and 58 seconds Civilization: .5 second

4 Paleolithic Old Stone Age Simple Tools Chipped Stone Hunters Gatherers

5 Lower Paleolithic Period2,500,000 BC - 120,000 BC, approx-homo erectus and hand axes

6 Middle Paleolithic Period300,000 BC - 30,000 BC, approx Neanderthals

7 Upper Paleolithic 30,000 BC - 10,000 BC, approxFirst Modern Man; the Cro-Magnon Agriculture Origins of Language

8 Neolithic The New Stone Age Began in SW Asia (Middle East)Domestication of Animals Farming First Technology Ends with the beginning of the Bronze Age

9 Neolithic 3500 BC: The Wheel 3500 BC: The Plow Development of VillagesLed by elders More children were born Women became the caretakers Religion associated with food production

10 Cradles of CivilizationRiver Valleys in the Middle East-3500 BC In India + China-2500 BC Central America-500 BC

11 Mesopotamia “Between Rivers” Tigris + Euphrates Rivers IrrigationComplex Society Sumer + Ur: 2 major cities (SE Iraq)

12 Society in Sumer + Ur Priests were at the top-closet to GodKings: arose from battles over land + water Eventually the King would overtake the Priests in terms of power King-High Priests-Officers-Land Owners-Merchants-Peasants

13 Writing Cuneiform Records

14 Science Math-multiplication, division, square root 60 minute hour60 second minute 360 degree circle Hypotenuse Area Lunar Calendar-7 days Zodiac signs

15 Ziggurat

16 Society Polytheism Gilgamesh Science: 60 secs 60 minutes 360 degreesHypotenuse Area

17 Babylonia BC Sargon conquered Sumer Amorite Kings HAMMURABI

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20 How do Civilizations Expand?Trade War Phoenicians: Mediterranean Trade Assyria: Empire Builders Persia: Empire Builders

21 Phoenician Trade Routes

22 Egypt

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27 Egypt Mix of black, white, asian Nile River Upper Egypt-ValleyLower Egypt-Delta Pharoh-God/King

28 The Pharaoh The land of the Nile, Egypt, was the fief of the son of the Sun God Re Aristocratic society Women: treated well Polytheism

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30 The Three Kingdoms Old Kingdom: 2700 BC-Pharohs were at the height of their power Middle Kingdom: Thebes New Kingdom: The collapse, egypt was ruled by Libya, Persia, Greece, Rome, Society remained Egyptian in nature

31 Mummification A mummy is a corpse whose skinand dried flesh have been preserved by either intentional or accidental exposure to chemicals, extreme cold or dryness, or airlessness.

32 The Pyramids

33 Giza Pyramid 476 feet high 760 feet wide at the base2.3 million cut blocks of stone-5,000 lbs each Polished Marble

34 Science Solar Calendar 3 weeks ten days eachMedical Libraries & Schools Wind power Sailboats

35 Egypt Film: Discuss

36 Phoenicia Modern day Lebanon Mediterranean Trade Conquered by Cyrus

37 Assyria 900-600 BC Ruled by force and terror Skinning Burning AliveBattering Rams First military state Destroyed themselves

38 Persia

39 Cyrus Built a great empire Was kind to his conquered subjectsRespected local customs + religions Used governors to be his “eyes”

40 Persia Religion: similar to Christianity God: Ahura MazdaDevil: Angra Mainyu Zoroastra: “Golden Rule” Cuneiform: writing Corruption will lead to the decline of the empire Conquered by…..

41 Alexander the Great Conquered most of the known worldTutored by Aristotle

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43 Judaism One God Originated as a small Mesopotamian tribeWandered to Palestine led by Abraham Fled to Egypt during a famine Oppressed by the Pharaohs Led by Moses back to Palestine

44 Israel Founded by Abraham Moses-escaped Egypt Yahweh-God 2 KingdomsJudah Toral

45 Judaism Yahweh-the 1 indisputable God The CreatorDavid & Solomon-Great Kings Mount Zion-great temple

46 The Split Solomon dies-Kingdom split Israel-North Judah-South722-Isreal destroyed by the Assyrians 587 Judah is sacked by the Babylonian The scattering of the Jews

47 The Jews as Scattered Peoples 587-330 BC515-The Persians conquere Palestine & invite the Jews back Many do not return Diaspora-living scattered High priests ruled but under the authority of the Persian Emperor Hebrew Bible-Old Testament-Torah Ten Commandments

48 The Ten Commandments