1 The Causes of World War II“World War I broke out largely because of an arms race, and World War II because of the lack of an arms race.”
2 What Caused World War II?The Rise of Totalitarianism Differing views The Treaty of Versailles Appeasement
3 Totalitarianism Totalitarianism: A form of government where the government holds total control over every aspect of society Specific set of beliefs A single political party led by a dictator (ruler with complete control) System of terror that uses violence and secret police Monopoly on weapons Government control of the economy Cause: With most countries in the world in debt due to World War I, many European countries turned to new leaders
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6 The Rise of TotalitarianismItaly Germany Japan The Soviet Union
8 Germany Adolf Hitler 1932 – 1945 Leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazis) (believed in strong nationalism, pro-military, anti-Semitism) Anti-Semitism: An intense dislike and prejudice against the Jewish people Fascist leader who believed Jewish people threatened the Aryan race (blond hair, blue eyes, German born) Took control of Germany through manipulation and deceit Led Germany out of debt Conquered Austria and Czechoslovakia Made a peace treaty with the Soviet Union Began World War II on September 1, 1939 by invading Poland
9 Japan Prime Minister Hideki Tojo 1941-1944Worked his way up in the Japanese military due to his “strict, uncompromising attention to detail” Encouraged the 1937 attack on China Encouraged alliances with Germany and Italy Encouraged an aggressive search for resources Approved attacks on the United States (Pearl Harbor) and Great Britain Never had complete control like Hitler and Mussolini and was forced from office in 1944 Put on trial and hanged in 1948 as a war criminal
10 The Soviet Union Joseph Stalin 1929 – 1953Transformed the Soviet Union (modern day Russia) from a peasant society into a military and economic world power Ruled by terror Sent anyone who opposed him to labor camps Millions of his own people died during his reign Conquered parts of Poland, Romania, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania After Hitler betrayed their “nonaggression pact”, he allied with the Allies (the United States and Great Britain) Used “scorched earth” tactics (destroying any of his country’s own supplies/buildings that might benefit the enemy)
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12 Mussolini
13 Hitler
14 Tojo
15 Stalin
16 Groups 1 & 5: Italy 2 & 6: Germany 3 & 7: Japan 4 & 8: Soviet Union
17 Activity: TotalitarianismSmall groups will research one of the four countries ruled by dictators and create a visual/written display of the following information Who was the ruler? How did he come into power? What form of government (*be specific) did this country have? What were his political/societal/religious beliefs? What military acts did he lead? How did he treat his own people? What successes did he have? What failures did he have? Who were his closest supporters/allies? What led to his downfall?
18 Differing Views Dictatorship DemocracyA form of government where political authority is controlled by a single person A form of government where political authority is controlled by the people through elections
19 Differing Views Capitalism SocialismAn economic system in which a country’s industry/trade is controlled by private owners for profit (free market!) In other words: People earn their own money, keep their own money, and spend their own money An economic system in which a country’s industry/trade is controlled by “social ownership” and typically organized by the state (the government) In other words: The government determines what jobs exist and how much money each job pays, in order to benefit EVERYONE
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21 Capitalism Support “A free market system allows all parties to compete, which ensures the best and most competitive project emerges and ensures a fair, democratic process.” Opposition “Capitalism is an organized system to guarantee that greed becomes the primary force of our economic system and allows the few at the top to get very wealthy and has the rest of us riding around thinking we can be that way, too - if we just work hard enough, sell enough Tupperware and Amway products, we can get a pink Cadillac.”
22 Socialism Support “More socialism means more democracy, openness and collectivism in everyday life.” Opposition “The problem with socialism is that you eventually run out of other peoples' money.”
23 Socialism v. Communism Socialism CommunismThe government controls all business and determines where all money goes An extreme form of socialism where everyone receives the same amount of everything regardless of his/her contributions to society
24 The Difference Capitalism: The government has no control over businesses; everyone keeps what they earn; the poor, lazy, uneducated, elderly, etc. are left to fend for themselves No redistribution of wealth Socialism: The government collects a high amount of taxes and controls every business; the wealthier you are, the more you pay in taxes; the government uses that money to continue to control businesses and gives some of that tax money to those in need Some redistribution of wealth Communism: The government collects a high amount of taxes and controls every business; the government uses that money to continue to control businesses and equally gives money to its people; every person receives the same amount Equal redistribution of wealth
25 Activity: Capitalism, Socialism, and CommunismRead the article about capitalism, socialism, and communism and make a list of the pros and cons of each. With a partner, compare your lists and discuss the three economic systems. Combine with another partnership to write 3 paragraphs (one per economic system) that fully explain capitalism, socialism, and communism.
26 The Treaty of VersaillesThe Treaty of Versailles ended World War I It said: Germany must take 100% blame for the war Germany must agree to the treaty or face continued war Germany would lose 25,000 square miles of land (7 million people!) Germany would lose ALL of its colonies Germany was limited to 100,000 men in the military, had to hand over much of its naval forces, and could not have an air force Germany had to pay $55 billion to the Allied Powers
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28 Activity: The Impact of the Treaty of VersaillesFor each part of the Treaty of Versailles, discuss and brainstorm the potential outcome Germany must take 100% blame for the war Germany must agree to the treaty or face continued war Germany would lose 25,000 square miles of land (7 million people!) Germany would lose ALL of its colonies Germany was limited to 100,000 men in the military, had to hand over much of its naval forces, and could not have an air force Germany had to pay $55 billion to the Allied Powers
29 The Decline of Germany Cause EffectGermany must take 100% blame for the war Germany must agree to the treaty or face continued war Germany would lose 25,000 square miles of land (7 million people!) Germany would lose ALL of its colonies Germany was limited to 100,000 men in the military, had to hand over much of its naval forces, and could not have an air force Germany had to pay $55 billion to the Allied Powers German resentment for Allied Powers (France, Great Britain, United States) Loss of power, people, and money Loss of power, people, money, and national pride Loss of military power and national pride Debt, depression, hyperinflation
30 Main Effect The treaty became a rallying cry for the German people “So long as this Treaty stands there can be no resurrection of the German people; no social reform of any kind is possible! The Treaty was made in order to bring 20 million Germans to their deaths and to ruin the German nation.” – Adolf Hitler
31 Appeasement Because the major European powers wanted to avoid another major war, they did everything they could to appease Hitler Appease: to keep someone happy by accepting their demands France and Britain allowed Hitler to take over part of Czechoslovakia if he promised not to expand his territory France and Britain did nothing when Hitler broke their agreement by taking over Austria and the rest of Czechoslovakia This allowed Hitler to expand the German empire with almost no resistance “My good friends, for the second time in our history, a British Prime Minister has returned from Germany bringing peace with honor. I believe it is peace for our time. We thank you from the bottom of our hearts. Go home and get a nice quiet sleep.”– British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, less than one year before World War II began
32 World War II Begins On September 1, 1939, the Nazis invaded PolandGreat Britain and France declared war on Germany World War II began