1 The Cell
2 Robert Hooke 1665, English Viewed cork and saw cells cellulaeNamed after monastery cells
3 Cell Theory 1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells2. The cell is the basic unit of life. 3. New cells are reproduced from pre-existing living cells
4 Two types of cell structureSimple/Prokaryotic cells Complex/ eukaryotic cells
5 Prokaryotic Cells “pro” : before “karyon” : nut No nucleus Cell wallsNo organelles DNA is in the center Prokaryotic cells are single-celled organisms (Domain Archae and Domain Bacteria)
6 Eukaryotic Cell “eu” : true True nucleus DNA is in the nucleusHas organelles
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8 Prokaryote & Eukaryote SimilaritiesCell membrane A membrane layer that separates the interior of a cell from the outside; protects the cell Cytoplasm Clear, gel-like substance inside a cell Genetic material DNA Ribosomes Make proteins
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12 tube nosepiece
13 tube nosepiece low power objective lens
14 tube nosepiece low power objective lens
15 low power objective lenstube nosepiece low power objective lens medium power objective lens High power objective lens
16 low power objective lenstube nosepiece low power objective lens medium power objective lens High power objective lens Stage clips
17 low power objective lenstube nosepiece low power objective lens medium power objective lens High power objective lens Stage clips diaphragm
18 low power objective lenstube nosepiece low power objective lens medium power objective lens High power objective lens Stage clips diaphragm Light source
19 low power objective lenseyepiece tube nosepiece low power objective lens medium power objective lens High power objective lens Stage clips diaphragm Light source
20 low power objective lenseyepiece tube nosepiece arm low power objective lens medium power objective lens High power objective lens Stage clips diaphragm Light source
21 low power objective lenseyepiece tube nosepiece arm low power objective lens medium power objective lens High power objective lens stage Stage clips diaphragm Light source
22 low power objective lenseyepiece tube nosepiece arm low power objective lens medium power objective lens High power objective lens stage Stage clips Coarse adjustment knob diaphragm Light source
23 low power objective lenseyepiece tube nosepiece arm low power objective lens medium power objective lens High power objective lens stage Stage clips Coarse adjustment knob diaphragm Fine adjustment knob Light source
24 low power objective lenseyepiece tube nosepiece arm low power objective lens medium power objective lens High power objective lens stage Stage clips Coarse adjustment knob diaphragm Fine adjustment knob Light source base
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26 Procedure 1. Peel the outer tissue layer of the onion.2. Place on slide. 3. Add 1 drop of iodine. 4. Place cover slip on the onion slide. 5. View under the microscope. 6. Sketch the cells on looseleaf. 7. Label the nucleus
27 Passive Transport Reviewhttps://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=video+of+osmosis+and+diffusion&&view=detail&mid=47C60CE4DC9346A95AB447C60CE4DC9346A95AB4&&FORM=VDRVRV plasma membrane video
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30 Endocytosis & ExocytosisActive Transport video
31 Organelle video video
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34 Endoplasmic ReticulumRough ER: contains ribosomes on its surface Smooth ER: no ribosomes Ribosome: location where proteins are made
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37 Golgi Bodies Membrane pouches throughout the cellSorts, packages, and releases proteins Proteins exit the golgi by exocytosis
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39 Lysosomes Small sacs (vesicles) that contain enzymes that help to digest and remove debris from the cell Enzymes: speed up a chemical reaction
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41 Mitochodria Mitochondrion (singular): powerhouse of a cellMakes ATP (energy)
42 Mitochondria (continued)Cristae: the folded, fingerlike projections of the inner wall of the mitochondrion Cristae are important in making ATP
43 Centrioles Small paired cylindrical structures that help to pull apart the two halves when a cell divides.
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46 Vacuole Storage organelle
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48 Chloroplasts Only in plant cellsChloroplasts: organelles that contain stacks of chlorophyll Chlorophyll: green pigment where photosynthesis takes place
49 Photosynthesis The process by which light energy from the sun is transformed into glucose
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51 Animal & Plant Cell DifferencesPlant: chloroplasts, large central vacuole, cell wall, autotroph Animal: no chloroplasts, small vacuoles, no cell wall, heterotroph
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53 Autotroph: organisms that make their own food supplyHeterotroph: organisms that cannot make their own food supply
54 Cellular Respiration A process in the mitochondria that transforms food energy into ATP. ATP: the basic unit of energy in a cell Adenosine Triphosphate
55 Cell Cycle Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells multiply in different waysBinary Fission: (Prokaryotes); the cell simply splits into two new cells Paramecium binary fission
56 Cell Cycle (cont) Cell division: (Eukaryotes) the cell divides into two or more cells and includes mitosis Mitosis video Mitosis song
57 Unicellular & Multicellular OrganismsUnicellular: single-celled organisms that function wholly and independently from other organisms Multicellular: organisms that are made up of many cells. All prokaryotes are unicellular. Eukaryotic organisms can be unicellular of multicellular
58 In Multicellular Organisms
59 Strawberry DNA extraction