1 The Impact Ordnance has on Warfare and CivilizationBy Jade Schmitt

2 What do you feel and see in this picture (pause)The underlying message in each of these pictures is fear. We fear the enemy, their weapons, and the mass destruction both can inflict. Ordnance has developed multiple weapons throughout American War history that has shaped tatics and strategies. War does not just affect military, but also civilians. This research talks about the Implications weapon systems have on tactics and strategies as well as fear of civilians.

3 Civil War

4 Muzzle Loader Springfield Breach Loading Sharp Spencer Gatling GunFires I could talk about Artillery and other prominent advancements of the civil war, but the most basic advancement is the rifle, Which is the weapon that each military personnel is required to be proficient in and hold at all times. What is now viewed as the most basic ordnance, had the most advancements in civil war Changed the battle field Shift from Napoleonic to Modern Strategy Metallic bullets and Minnie ball (4-5x further on Springfield) (withstand harsh conditions & pierce the skin- deadly) MUZZLE yard accuracy, high trajectory (shoot over heads) SHARP- Rate of fire 3x greater (fire undercover) SPENCER-6-7 rounds fed through butt stock GATLING- mowed down an entire front line (6 barrels, shot 5-7 bullets) NO STANDARDIZATION Trench Warfare: Frontal assault to tactical entrenchment Productive weapons causing mass destruction Total War: involvement of civilians and non-combatants Technology was far more advanced than leadership Tactics Napoleonic Open Ranks Trench / Fort Modern Cover & Concealment

5 World War Frontier of moving from a horse driven battlefield to mechanized One

6 Strategy Intimidation Mounted Vehicles Armored Vehicles Tactics First time seeing mechanized assets Break Through Trenches Without Casualties Maneuverability & Mobile Firepower

7 Hotchkiss Roland Garros deflector plate Maxim Anthony Fokker FiresLewis Aerial Support Reconnaissance Advantage: Direct infantry and Calvary with direct fires, as well as, gather intelligence Pilots from both sides would “…shoot flare guns and pistols, and sometimes even threw bricks at each other. Grenades and grapnels were towed behind aircraft in absurd attempts to bring the enemy down (Hampton, 2014, p. 49). Hotchkiss- Utilzed the deflector bolt- shot proppeller Maxim- first to synchronize/ lighter The combination of a maneuverable aircraft, lethal machine guns, and aggressive flyers, created the fighter pilot that would change warfare forever. Open-Bolt, 28 Rounds No synchronization Closed Bolt Easier to sync Tactics 47 Rounds Light weight

8 World War Two

9 World War Two Era 1938-1945 Aerial Bombing Race for the Atomic BombNo laws- Pilots bombed transportation, airfields, and ammunition dumps which resulted in collateral damage 1938 anxiety: structure and shields from air raids Civilians Fear: alarms, shelters, drills Race for the Atomic Bomb 1939- Einstein informs President Roosevelt of a new bomb 1941- Manhattan Project is established 1943- Americas and all other nations best scientist integrate in NM 1943- Britain holds blueprints, leaving Soviets in dark 1945- President Truman release Fat Man & Little Boy over Hiroshima and Nagasaki First time civilians truly fear and understand the destruction of war London Blitz After the transition of a horse ridden battlefied to a mechanized, civilians finally understand the destruction new technology creates. They begin to take necessary precautions in staying ‘safe’

10 The Cold War

11 Cold War Era 1945-1991 Fear United States vs. Soviet UnionEnd of WWII: Britain and US holds power Spies and scientist share atomic secrets Results Bomb Shelters & mandatory K-12 drills Diplomatic and military policies Conspiring with Communist 1949- Soviets detonate first atomic bomb Fear- trading secrets to fund and fuel other countries to develop new technologies -war of knowledge Intel Power/economy People were scared that within their walls there were spies that were going to take their ideas and use them against oneself.

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13 War on Terrorism 1992 - PresentImprovised Explosive Device Unorthodox – Russian leftovers Various detonations Difficult to detect Mission: cause fear, instability, or discomfort to enemy New Philosophy on War Nation building “hearts and minds” Sustainability We won the arms race, however, with the new enemy, we cannot use any of this technology How do we fight an enemy that is invisible and unorthodox?

14 Future: Decade of the DroneLow v. high tech still has effect on people Our justification of an IED is a drone Detonated by one person and has a huge effect on others Measure that we are willing to take to preserve our safety, even if it means to disrupt our daily life (TSA, security checks) Lethality of weapons continue to rise while the death toll decreases Stuck in a nonproductive weapon age, with no means or system to use the technology How do we continue to fight