1 The Infant One Month to One Year
2 What do you feel is a parents most important role when caring for a child?There are many….but narrow it down to just one, share with your table partner.
3 Physical Development Growth is rapid ~ infants triple their birth weight by 1st birthday! Gain control of body Cephalocaudal fashion ~ first head, neck and shoulders; then arms, torso and legs. Nervous system develops rapidly Seen in changes of reflexes Develop hand-eye coordination
4 Physical Development 3 Weeks infant can focus4 Weeks infant can track bright objects and make eye contact 2 Months infant can track objects from one side to other, listen to sounds, bat at objects, respond to sound; may also make vowel sounds “OOOOOOO”, “eeeeee”, “aaaaaa”
5 Physical Development 3 Months: raise its head & shoulders (on belly)Can support own head 4 Months: roll from stomach to back, play with rattles, teething 5 Months: transfer from one hand to the other
6 Physical Development 6 Months: roll from back to stomach, sit momentarily 9 Months: sit well and creep on hands and knees Bang toys together Make sounds with consonants (mama, dada, baba) 12 Months: cruising! Can hold edge of furniture and move around it, take a step or 2 Tooth development and pincer grasp allow self feeding
7 Intellectual-Cognitive DevelopmentOnly brief eye contact (at birth) progresses to recognition of familiar faces 2 months: Baby will mimic what you do 6 months: babbling 9 months: peek-a-boo understands cause/effect (drops toys) 12 months: can follow simple directions baby mimics
8 Psycho-Emotional Development1 month: will return smiles 3 months: spontaneous smiles 4 months: vocalizing moods 6 months: mood changes 9 months: displays pleasure in games 1 yr: will express many emotions Prompt attention to needs, helps an infant develop trust
9 Social Development 1 month: smiling 3 months: responds to voices6 months: babbling (interested in their own voice) Imitative play 9 months: developing first words social deprivation
10 Healthcare Regular check ups/immunizationsTactile stimulation (cuddling) First 6 months, breast milk or formula is all most babies need. Safety measures!: emergency numbers, crib standards (safety, height, blankets) car seats, prevent falls, prevent choking, cords/hanging toys in crib, poisons, secure drawers Ask Doctor for advice (may need to ignore others)
11 emotional baby
12 The Toddler One to Three Years
13 Essential Question How does the toddler assert their independence?
14 Physical Development Weight gain slows; become more proportionedGirls- by yrs= half of adult height! Boys- by yrs= half of adult height! 15 months of age- walk independently 18 months- squat to reach for toys, kneel May spoon feed self (messy) Finger foods good way to provide nutrition
15 Homework Ask to see your old baby book….how tall were you at 2 yrs of age?…..Are you double that height now? Ask question about when you were an infant (or check in your baby book). At what age did you reach the milestones of infancy?….if you are allowed to bring in your baby book, please do.
16 Physical Development End of 1st year- shows hand preference2 years- run, throw, & scribble 3 years- agile & active; dress themselves, ride a tricycle, draw simple shapes, use safety scissors
17 Intellectual-Cognitive DevelopmentThey learn about the world through play and imitation Sweeping, raking, making things Very Curious! “Why” is their favorite word! Become extremely independent! Want to do everything themselves worry about yourself why
18 Intellectual-Cognitive DevelopmentSpeech: 12-15 months: speaks a few single words 2nd year: makes sentences with 6-20 words 3 years: Repeats nursery rhymes
19 Intellectual-Cognitive Development15 months: likes looking at books 3 years: repeat stories draw and recognize shapes Block stacking/building
20 Psycho-Emotional Development1 year- can express many emotions From 1-3 years- develop methods of expressing feelings 18 months – 2.5 years: temper tantrums may occur (The Terrible Twos) Terrible Twos
21 Psycho-Emotional Development15 months: will respond to “NO-no” But by months, will resist authority and say NO NO NO NO NO Need CONSISTENT limits Toddlers will stop a behavior if they learn that it does not gain them anything 3 years: affectionate; sensitive to others feelings
22 Social Development 1-2 years: not able to truly play with another child “play” is more likely taking toys rather than sharing May even be aggressive 2-3 years: learn to share and play with others Need guidance from adults to develop right and wrong
23 Sharing Don't force toddlers to share; it actually delays the development of sharing skills! Kids need to feel secure in their ownership before they can share. Instead, introduce the concept of taking turns.
24 Healthcare Need opportunities to develop fine motor skills (crayons)Language skills are still developing be patient, use simple explanations Vaccinations Know signs of readiness for toilet training toilet training
25 Healthcare Signs of readiness for toilet training:Remaining dry during the day for longer than 2 hours Fairly predictable pattern of having bowel movements Awareness of urinating or having a bowel movement Wanting to wear grown up underwear
26 Warm-up Activity Think of an infant or toddler that you know…Write down information: Age Gender What the infant does in relation to the ‘developmental milestones’ Compare to the standards of when these milestones should occur
27 The Preschool Years 3-5 Years of Age
28 Physical Development Heredity accounts for differences in height & weight Legs & trunk lengthen Bones begin to ossify between 2-7 yrs Must be active and need adequate calcium for growth Nighttime bowel and bladder control by age 3-4 Consult MD if child is a routine bed-wetter at 4-5yrs of age.
29 Physical Development 3 years- can conquer stairs and a tricycle4 years- can jump on one foot, throw, and is very active 5 years- can hop, can skip Some are coordinated enough for team sports (soccer) Might not understand purpose but enjoy the experience
30 Physical Development Fine motor skills improveGirls usually about one year ahead of boys in small muscle coordination May be able to tie shoes Frustrating task / gratifying task shoe tying
31 Intellectual-Cognitive DevelopmentNervous system makes many more connections/ synapses Allows child to engage in skillful play and to perform finer and more complicated tasks
32 Intellectual-Cognitive DevelopmentLanguage grows rapidly 3 yr old knows 900 words, forms simple sentences, tells “I” stories 4 yr old vocabulary: 1600 words, complete sentences 5 yr old vocabulary: over 2000 words, tells more detailed stories Knows difference between telling stories and lies child lying
33 Psycho-emotional Development3 year old: becoming more easy going/pleasant Enjoys music and has sense of self Develops unfounded worries/fears Especially at night
34 Psycho-emotional Development4 year old: negativity may increase Tests limits; “NO” Needs guided opportunities for freedom 5 year old: self assured & settled Likes following rules Accepts some responsibility
35 Social Development 3 year olds: know their own genderWants to care for others/play doctor/help 4 year olds: very social and enjoy group games Tag and hide and seek 5 year olds: social, enjoys games with rules/takes turns
36 Health Care Regular check-ups ImmunizationsDevelopmental assessment before starting school Hearing and vision checks Immunizations Must be up to date to start kindergarten
37 Health Care Night Terrors ~ similar to a nightmare, but with a far more dramatic presentation. Not really a dream / a sudden reaction of fear. Usually 2-3 hours after a child falls asleep May sit up in bed, scream, sweat, thrash around Calms after a few minutes, goes back to bed. No memory of terror next day
38 Health Care Night Terrors Do not wake child Decrease child’s stressEstablish and stick to a bed time routine Make sure child gets enough rest Prevent child from becoming overtired night terror
39 To Spank or Not to Spank Before watching the following video…what are your views on spanking? spanking?
40 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
41 Human Needs From the moment of birth to the moment of death, every human being has needs. Certain needs have priority over other needs. Abraham Maslow developed a hierarchy of needs.
42 Maslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsLower needs should be met before an individual can strive to meet higher needs. Only when satisfaction has been obtained at one level is an individual motivated toward a higher level.
43 Physiological Needs “basic needs”Required by every person to sustain life Food, water, oxygen, sleep, ETC. If any of these needs go unmet, death will occur. Healthcare workers must be aware of how an illness interferes with meeting these needs.
44 Safety Becomes important after physiological needs met.Free from anxiety and fear Secure environment Order and routine Illness is a major threat to an individuals security and well-being.
45 Love and Belonging After physiological needs are met and the person feels secure, they strive for social acceptance. Friendship, love Belong, approval from others Sexuality (physiological as well)
46 Self-Esteem Feeling important and worthwhileIndividuals will engage in activities that bring achievement, success, and recognition in an effort to maintain their need for esteem. Illness can be a major effect on esteem. Self-reliant person is now relying on the healthcare worker to provide basic needs
47 Self-Actualization Final need in Maslow’s HierarchyAll other needs must be met (at least in part) Individual has obtained their full potential They are what they want to be Confident and willing to express beliefs and stick to them.