1 The Modern and Postmodern Church – Part 1The History of Christianity The Modern and Postmodern Church – Part 1 © John Stevenson, 2017

2 Christian Science ChurchFounded 1879 Mary Baker Eddy Invalid Healed by mesmerist Phineas Quimby Science & Health with Key to the Scriptures “Malicious Animal Magnetism” Church services led by “Readers”

3 Christian Science ChurchFounded 1879 Matter does not exist All is God Christ was a scientific healing practitioner Sin is imaginary

4 Second Great AwakeningTimeline Second Great Awakening American Civil War 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 Darby Mormons Millerites Darwin’s Origin of the Species

5 Charles Darwin Five-year voyage aboard HMS Beagle Five-year voyage aboard HMS Beagle “Origin of the Species” “The mystery of the beginning of all things is insoluble by us; and I for one must be content to remain an agnostic.”

6 Man is not a finished product incapable of further progressMan is not a finished product incapable of further progress. He has a long history behind him, and it is a history not of a fall, but of an ascent.  Sir Julian Huxley

7 Julius Wellhausen Documentary Hypothesis JEPD Theory Documentary Hypothesis JEPD Theory J: Jehovah E: Elohim D: Deuteronomy P: Priestly writings These original writing were collected and edited by a later redactor.

8 Five Major Christian TeachingsThe Fundamentals Five Major Christian Teachings Inerrancy of Scripture Virgin Birth & Deity of Christ Substitutionary Atonement received by Grace through Faith Bodily resurrection of Jesus Second Coming of Jesus

9 D. L. Moody Worked in a shoe store Worked in a shoe store Led to Christ by his Sunday School Teacher, Edward Kimball Began teaching Sunday School Preached to Civil War soldiers

10 D. L. Moody Traveling evangelist Crusades in England (1873-1875) Traveling evangelist Crusades in England ( ) Not ordained Moody Bible Institute

11 D. L. Moody “Someday you will read in the papers that Moody is dead. Don't you believe a word of it. At that moment I shall be more alive than I am now. I was born of the flesh in 1837, I was born of the spirit in That which is born of the flesh may die. That which is born of the Spirit shall live forever.”

12 Cyrus Scofield Background in law and politics Background in law and politics Converted to Christianity in 1879 and ordained four years later Influenced by Moody and Hudson Taylor Published Scofield Reference Bible

13 Billy Sunday Professional Baseball player Converted to Christianity Professional Baseball player Converted to Christianity Evangelist Tent meetings “Sawdust trail”

14 Billy Sunday “At Kansas City, Kansas, before the saloons were closed, they were getting ready to build an addition to the jail. Now the doors swing idly on the hinges and there is nobody to lock in the jails.”

15 Methodist Holiness MovementThe Pentacostal Movement Methodist Holiness Movement Entire Sanctification Second Blessing

16 Methodist Holiness MovementThe Pentacostal Movement Methodist Holiness Movement Keswick Movement Spiritual Power for service

17 Methodist Holiness MovementThe Pentacostal Movement Methodist Holiness Movement Keswick Movement Holiness Camp Meetings

18 The Pentacostal MovementJanuary 1901 Topeka, Kansas Speaking in tongues Missionaries no longer need to learn foreign languages Charles Parkham Agnes Ozman

19 The Pentacostal MovementAsuza Street Revival, Los Angeles Begun in 1906 Three services a day, seven days a week for three years Transcended racial barriers Charles Parkham William Seymour

20 Methodist Holiness MovementThe Pentacostal Movement Methodist Holiness Movement Keswick Movement Holiness Camp Meetings Pentecostal Movement

21 Methodist Holiness MovementThe Pentacostal Movement Methodist Holiness Movement Keswick Movement Holiness Camp Meetings Pentecostal Movement Charismatic Movement

22 Harry Emerson Fosdick 1918 Published the book, The Manhood of the Master, denying the deity of Christ

23 “Shall the Fundamentalists Win?”Harry Emerson Fosdick “Shall the Fundamentalists Win?” “The question is—Has anybody a right to deny the Christian name to those who differ with him on such points and to shut against them the doors of the Christian fellowship?”

24 John Gresham Machen Professor at Princeton Seminary Professor at Princeton Seminary Left to begin Westminster Seminary (1929) Independent Presbyterian Mission Board Orthodox Presbyterian Church (1936)

25 John Gresham Machen “If the liberal party really obtains full control of the councils of the church, then no evangelical Christian can continue to support the church’s work” (1923:166)

26 What course do you take when even the church, you believe, has tragically compromised the Gospel and been seduced by the culture?

27 Northern Presbyterian ChurchCivil War Northern Presbyterian Church Southern Presbyterian Church Machen left in 1933 to form the Orthodox Presbyterian Church (OPC) Ministers left in 1973 to form the Presbyterian Church in America (PCA)

28 John Gresham Machen “Seventy-five years ago, Western civilization, despite inconsistencies, was still predominantly Christian; today it is predominantly pagan” (1923:65)

29 William Jennings BryanScopes Trial 1925 Clarence Darrow William Jennings Bryan

30 Karl Barth Trained in German theological liberalism Trained in German theological liberalism Known as the “father of neo-orthodoxy” God makes Himself known as we encounter the Scriptures

31 Bible is merely a man-made bookTheological Liberalism Theological Orthodoxy Bible is merely a man-made book Bible is the inspired and inerrant Word of God

32 Bible is merely a man-made bookTheological Liberalism Neo-Orthodoxy Theological Orthodoxy Bible is merely a man-made book Bible becomes the word of God as I receive it in faith Bible is the inspired and inerrant Word of God

33 The Bible is the Word of GodOrthodoxy Neo-Orthodoxy The Bible is the Word of God The Bible contains the Word of God Verbal Plenary Inspiration Authors interpreted events and words of God Truth is absolute Truth is relative

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35 Dietrich Bonhoeffer German theologian German theologian Received his doctorate at the age of 21 Traveled to America Returned to Hitler’s Germany Involved in the Confessing Church

36 Dietrich Bonhoeffer Involved in a plot to assassinate Hitler Involved in a plot to assassinate Hitler Funds used to aid escaping Jews traced back to him Concentration camp Execution

37 Dietrich Bonhoeffer “To endure the cross is not tragedy; it is the suffering which is the fruit of an exclusive allegiance to Jesus Christ.”

38 Dietrich Bonhoeffer “Only he who believes is obedient and only he who is obedient believes.”

39 How does a Christian committed to peace come to assist violence in combating unrestrained violence?

40 What do you do when patriotism and Christian faith collide?

41 What is the responsibility of a Christian when others are being persecuted and even executed?

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