1 The North, The South, and New Movements

2 Agenda: Day #1 Cornell Note Set-Up Reading: Pg. 384 – 387Discussion Question Industrial Revolution Notes Intro to ‘Greatest Invention’ Project

3 Cornell Note Set-Up Topic: Industrial RevolutionEQ: Who made the Industrial Revolution successful?

4 Industrial RevolutionA period of rapid growth in manufacturing and production Textile (cloth) industry is the first place where mass production took place Sam Slater: British man who helped make American Machinery better

5 Impact of Technology Eli Whitney: InventorInterchangeable parts: All parts the same, can be used on anything Whitney offered to make 10,000 identical muskets for the U.S. army Items did not have to be hand made Result = Mass Production: efficient production of large numbers of identical goods.

6 The North, The South, and New Movements

7 Cornell Note Set Up T: Poor Working ConditionsEQ: What made people angry with their working life?

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10 Working Conditions (Mills)Rhode Island System: practice of hiring entire families and dividing factory work into simple tasks (assembly line) Lowell System: Water powered mills, employed young, unmarried women from local farms to make cloth

11 Workers Organize Mills and factories were dangerous, work day was often hours Unions: groups of workers that tried to improve pay and working conditions Strike: workers in unions refuse to work until the employer meets their demands Early success: 10 hour work day, break for lunch/dinner

12 The Student Union Got a problem with school?Create a student union to make a demand for a change in school This is not actually going to happen, but I will argue with you on it

13 Cornell Note Set-Up Topic: Transportation UpgradesEQ: How did the transportation revolution impact business in America?

14 Transportation RevolutionA period of rapid growth in speed and convenience of travel Steamboat: powered by coal/steam, could go upstream and downstream Benefit: quicker transport of people and goods

15 Railroads Coal/Steam powered locomotives made railroads efficient.Tracks were built to transport people and goods west Benefits: Population is easily spread throughout the West Coal industry/Coal mining becomes a huge industry to supply coal powered train, boats, and factories. Steel industry becomes huge to build trains, rails, and buildings

16 More Technology Telegraph: could send information across wiresSamuel Morse: (Morse Code): system of beeps (dots and dashes) to send information across telegraph lines

17 Steam Power Before steam engines factories had to be built by rivers for water power Steam power allowed factories to be built anywhere. Steam also increased the power of machines, made it easier to make large metal tools, products Result : John Deere (Plow), mechanical reaper (harvester), quadrupled farm production

18 Cotton Boom Textile Industry Grows: Demand for cotton growsCotton Gin: Invented by Eli Whitney Removed seeds from cotton Production goes from 2 million pounds to over 1 billion pounds Increased demand for slavery (to grow more cotton) Slave importation was not legal but slave trade within the U.S. continued to be a huge industry

19 The Slave System Families separated at auction based on skills, agePoor living conditions: little food, laws against educating slaves, sun up until sundown work Slaves developed folktales, spiritual songs, and practice of the Christian religion to help develop their own culture and deal with the difficulties of their life.

20 Slave Uprisings Slaves used their own religion and culture to help resist control by slave owners Escape was difficult and punishments were harsh Nat Turner’s Rebellion: Group of slaves killed 60 whites in Virginia Nat Turner was captured and executed Slave codes: strengthened to prevent rebellion, slavery continued to spread

21 Immigration Boom Millions of immigrants come to U.S. between 1840 and 1860 Irish Potato Famine: Potato crop failed in Ireland, many immigrants came to U.S. to avoid starvation and find new work. Most Irish immigrants were poor unskilled workers Failed German Revolution: many educated Germans fled to the U.S. to avoid political persecution. Many Germans were skilled workers

22 Anti-Immigration Northeastern cities (NY, Philadelphia, Boston) saw largest increase of immigrant factory workers Nativists: Americans who opposed immigrants American workers feared losing their jobs to immigrants Most Americans were Protestant, felt threatened by Catholic immigrants, religious conflict resulted Know-Nothing Party: formed to make it difficult for immigrants to become citizens or hold political office

23 Growth of Cities Huge population boom in cities due to growth of factories and immigration Middle Class: merchants who owned their own business or who were skilled workers Cities became cultural centers, places for clus and recreation

24 Urban Problems Tenements: small apartments, typically used by poor immigrant workers Dirty, overcrowded, and unsafe Disease epidemics were common Fires were common Crime was common Cities had to develop police forces and fire companies

25 Abolitionists Abolition: political movement to end slaveryAmerican Anti-Slavery Society: William Lloyd Garrison, published news articles, literature, and poetry against slavery Angelina and Sarah Grimke: disagreed with their slave owning families, recruited other southern women as abolitionists

26 African American AbolitionistsFrederick Douglas: former slave, learned to read even though it was against the law, escaped from slavery, gave speeches against slavery Sojourner Truth: former slave, preached for women’s rights and abolition

27 Underground Railroad Network of people that arranged transportation and hiding places for slaves escaping the South Slaves were headed to Canada (Canada would not return them to their owners) Harriet Tubman: Led her family and 300 other slaves to freedom (19 trips South to help slaves escape)

28 Women’s Rights Began as women organized against slavery (Sojourner Truth, Grimke sisters) Developed into push for women’s suffrage (voting rights) and equal pay/treatment Seneca Falls Convention: First public meeting about women’s rights: July 18, 1848 in Seneca Falls, New York Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Anti-Slavery Lucretia Mott: Society for Women’s Rights Susan B. Anthony: equal pay for equal work

29 May 1st, Study Guide Day Weekly Schedule on the board to the rightStudy Guide Due Tomorrow Entire period to work Where to find info: Cornell Notes Handout from last week Textbook

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