1 The power of persuasion
2 Persuasive vocabulary: cornell notesDebate Resolution Motion Proposition (affirmative side) Opposition (negative side Rebuttal Refutation Discrediting Constructive Speech Flowing Connotation/ denotation Points of interest Argument Position Claim Reasons Support/evidence Counterargument Agenda Bias Appeals Ethos Pathos Logos Persuasive 8
3 Add definitions to listArgument: claim supported by reasons and evidence. Strong arguments appeal to logic, not emotion. Claim: writer’s position or stand on a certain topic or issue. Support: reason(s) and evidence that back up the claim. Counterargument or rebuttal: considers the opposing view and counters or refutes the objections. Persuasive 8
4 Persuasive writing: Author’s PurposePersuasive writers have an agenda (motive). Possible agendas: Sell a product such as a new cell phone. Convince audience to change political view. Persuade audience to take some sort of important action such as donating to a special cause. Persuasive writers are biased. Persuasive 8
5 Bias: add to notes Bias: prejudice; you can’t trust information from a biased source. Persuasive 8
6 Bias is everywhere Make a quick list:Two biased statements a teacher would make about parents. Two biased statements a parent would make about teachers. Discussion question: Have you noticed any biases during the presidential campaign with the media? Persuasive 8
7 All persuasive writing is biased!
8 How do you harness it?
9 Do you want to elicit a positive or negative reaction?Emaciated Thin Denotation versus Connotation: Two words can have the same dictionary meaning, but call up very different images. Persuasive 8
10 Word Choice is powerful!Freedom Fighter Terrorist Persuasive 8
11 Add to your vocabulary:Denotation: dictionary definition of a word. Connotation: negative or positive response to the word. Which has the positive connotation? inexpensive or cheap soggy or moist immature or youthful smile or smirk antique or old-fashioned odor or fragrance
12 Analyze for positive or negative connotations:Make a T chart and list words with positive connotations on the left side and words with negative connotations on right side of the chart. List 1: slim, skinny, gaunt, slender, lean, skeletal, scrawny List 2: assertive, domineering, dynamic, pushy, confident, aggressive, self-assured List 3 nerdish, bright, clever, cunning, smart, intelligent, sly, brainy, shrewd Persuasive 8
13 Appeals Ethos Pathos Logos Persuasive 8
14 Think Pair Share Convince me to do away with starter tests. Make three points using the following strategies: Ethos: appeal to my sense of fairness and/or gain my trust. Pathos: appeal to my emotions. Logos: appeal to my sense of reason. Persuasive 8
15 Think pair share Convince me to allow you to choose your seat every day. Make three points using the following strategies: Ethos: appeal to my sense of fairness. and/or gain my trust. Pathos: appeal to my emotions. Logos: appeal to my sense of reason. Persuasive 8
16 Exit slip: piercing (5-7 lines)Convince me to pierce my nose. Make three points using the following strategies: Ethos: appeal to my sense of fairness. and/or gain my trust. Pathos: appeal to my emotions. Logos: appeal to my sense of reason. Persuasive 8
17 Appeals summary (in depth look at appeals in advertising starting on slide 116)Pathos (emotional): Make them pity Make them laugh Make them fear Transfer Testimonial Bandwagon Snob appeal Plain folks appeal Loaded language Logos (logical): Facts Figures Statistics Examples Ethos (ethical) Sense of right and wrong Establish trust Persuasive 8
18 Letter to Parent Pick an issue that you have with your parent or guardian (curfew, watching R rated movies, etc.). Write a letter using all of the following types of appeal. Ethos: appeal to sense of fairness gain trust. Pathos: appeal to emotions. Logos: appeal to sense of reason. Parents will read and evaluate letter by Friday! Persuasive 8
19 Claim: clean up after yourselvesReason 1 (pathos): Reason 2 (logos) : Reason 3 (ethos): Counterargument/r ebuttal: *Stressed and angry stressed by mess angry by disrespect of mess guilt you feel If you don’t start cleaning, I may kick you out! not legally required to house you rent-free and utility-free saving opportunity *I work hard; only fair you contribute Work hard to own and maintain home Work hard for you It’s the least you can do *I know you think you are too busy and a clean house is not important but… I am busier and still clean Clean, organized house makes life easier Persuasive 8
20 Intro: hook and claim Dear Nick, I came home yesterday and couldn’t find a clean glass in the cabinet, only to discover that there were six glasses piling up on your dresser. After cleaning a glass, I went to sit at the table to drink my soda, only to find that the table was covered with your jacket, your books, and your bag. This got me thinking. You need to start cleaning up after yourself!
21 Develop support: pathosI think you should start cleaning the house because of the way a messy house makes me feel. I am often stressed by clutter, so this interferes with my ability to function well in the house. I also feel anger and resentment toward you, so a messy house actually impacts on our relationship. I know that you don’t want me to feel stress or anger, so this leads you to feel guilt. Do you really want to carry this burden around?
22 Develop support: logosIf you don’t care about my feelings, at least you should care about your own interests. Think about it. You are over 18 and out of school. I have no legal or moral obligation to have you in my house. You live here rent-free and so it would be in your best interest to clean up after yourself. Imagine me asking you to move out. Are you prepared to pay rent and utilities? Or would you rather save money so that you can have a better start in life?
23 Develop support: ethosLastly, I urge you to think about fairness. You need to treat people as you want to be treated which means respecting their wishes. I have worked hard to buy and maintain this house. I also worked hard for you. Think of all those games I drove you to and the money I shelled out for college. So it is only fair that you do your share and pitch in with the upkeep of our home. Considering that you live here for free, it is the very least that you can do.
24 Counterargument: refute!I know you think that you are too busy in your life to clean. I also think that you don’t see the value of a clean house. You may think that life is too short, so why bother wasting it on silly domestic chores? I ask you to consider this. I work a full day and often come home to grade papers and plan, yet I find time to clean. And a clean house is important. It affects your quality of life. For example, when there are no clean dishes, you have nothing to eat on. When there is a mess, you often can’t find things. Mess brings chaos into your life and slows you down.
25 Conclusion: restate , synthesize ideas, final thoughtI hope that you will consider my request. Cleaning up after yourself will make my life so much easier and will improve our relationship. It is also the right thing to do. Plus, if you don’t start cleaning up, I may be forced to ask you to leave. I know you’ll do the right thing because, really, what choice do you have? Love, Mom
26 English readings and activities
27 English: Analyze for logos, ethos, and pathos:Read “Position on Dodgeball in Physical Education.” NASPE 986 “The Weak Shall Inherit the Gym.” Reilly 988 Essay: Persuasive writing uses various appeals to make a point. Read the articles listed above and analyze each author’s ability to present an effective argument. Be sure to include specific evidence to support your claim. Persuasive 8
28 Topic: INTRO: Answer: Cite Explain BODY:CONCLUSION: Restate: Final thought:
29 Hook and answer Should dodgeball be played in physical education class? This topic is discussed in the articles, “Position on Dodgeball in Physical Education” by NASPE and “The Weak Shall Inherit the Gym” by Rob Reilly. While both writers makes some good points, Reilly clearly has the winning argument.
30 Body paragraphs: topic, evidence analysisAccording to NASPE, dodgeball is inappropriate for school. The writer makes a convincing argument by ….
31 Body paragraphs: topic, evidence analysisReilly argues the opposite opinion and believes that dodgeball is appropriate for school. The writer makes a convincing argument by discussing how dodgeball...
32 Body paragraphs: topic, evidence analysisReilly argues the opposite opinion and believes that dodgeball is appropriate for school. The writer makes a convincing argument by…
33 Body paragraphs: topic, evidence analysisReilly’s argument is more convincing because…
34 Conclusion: restate answer, key points, and give final thoughtTo conclude, …
35 How do you think your parents can help you best to mature?Rows A and B: Read and discuss “What the Brain Says about Maturity” (236) by Laurence Steinberg. Based on what you read, do you think that certain age limits should be revisited: Summarize article. Comment on: Driving age (16), Drinking age (21),R Rated Movies (17), Combat age (18) Rows C and D: Read and discuss “A Parent’s Role in the Path to Adulthood” (240) by Barbara Hofer Summarize article Based on what you read, do you think that parents actually interfere with the maturing of their children? Make a personal connection: how involved are your parents in your lives? Do you think this interferes with your ability to mature? How do you think your parents can help you best to mature? Rows E and F: Read and discuss “Mandatory Service to Become an Adult” (242) by Michael Thompson Summarize the article. Do you think that mandatory service prior to college or work life would help in the maturing of adolescents? Do you think this is a fair motion? What are some problems with this proposition?
36 Persuasive v. argumentativeNot always substantiated with solid evidence. Mostly pathos or emotional appeals. Uses ethos appeals involving character (trustworthiness) May not address counterclaim Argumentative Claim substantiated with sufficient evidence. Some pathos but emphasis on logos or logic (facts, statistics, etc.) Uses ethos appeals involving credibility (knowledge of subject matter and merits of argument) Includes counterclaims and a rebuttal or attempt to refute opposing claims. Persuasive 8
37 We are going to write an argumentative essay, so you need to do some research!
38 Take a position on one of the following topics:Neuro-enchancement (smart pills): honors Increase in robotic technology: alternative English Persuasive 8
39 honors Read text once for basic understanding Read again and annotate
40 english Skim and circle words that you don’t understand. We will define together Read for basic understanding Read again and annotate
41 annotate: converse actively with the textUnderline ideas you might want to include. Label ideas (R1 or R2 or R3 or C). Write down questions or statements that come to mind in the margins of the text. Persuasive 8
42 Driverless cars could create a safer environment on the road by eliminating issues such as drunk- driving, exhaustion, blind spots, and distractions from activities like using a smartphone while driving. According to the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence (NCADD), about 32 percent of fatal car accidents include an intoxicated driver or pedestrian. If driverless cars are properly introduced to roads across the country, millions of lives could be saved. There would also be opportunities to save time and insurance costs. With computers operating the car, passengers can spend their time working or reading. Fewer cars on the road would also cut down transportation time. With the advanced technology installed in the self-driving cars, vehicles will be able to drive in closer range, creating less traffic. In addition, disabled individuals who currently rely on public transportation or other drivers would have greater flexibility. R1 R2
43 In addition to helping individual drivers, driverless cars could also have a positive impact on the larger community. Because a computer is in control, there would no longer be the possibility of speeding, freeing law enforcement to focus on more serious crimes (although some argue that many police officers would be put out of work with this technology). Furthermore, a system with solely driverless cars requires fewer parking structures because the cars can drop off the passengers and find a spot farther away. Driverless cars raise many safety concerns. If driverless cars are not universally adapted, the combination of driver-necessary and driverless cars on the road could be an issue. Therefore, a rapid transition and clear safety guidelines would be necessary for the success of this technology. Driverless cars would not be able to interpret human traffic signals, such as traffic signal malfunction, bricks, cones, police signals, or even other driver’s signals; and thus, a combination of the two could lead to disaster. Another problem: whose fault would it be when an accident occurs? The manufacturer, the passenger, or the programmer? There is even the possibility for hackers to access the cars’ computers and cause accidents. R3 C
44 Notetaking: Create a t-chartHopefully after annotating the text, you have identified 2 reasons to develop and counterclaims to refute. Discuss your ideas for supporting your claim with a partner. Persuasive 8
45 Notetaking… How do you avoid plagiarism during the notetaking process?Summarize and paraphrase while taking notes. When paraphrasing, use your own words and phrasing but… Do not change the essential nature of what the writer is saying. Please quotation marks around any unique word, phrase, or sentence. Put away your sources when you begin draft and rely exclusively on your notes. Be sure to give credit to the author with a citation with a parenthetical citation. Persuasive 8
46 Example Wolves live on prairies, forests and mountains Hunt in packs.Wolves are equally at home on prairies, in forest lands, and on all but the highest mountains. In the winter they travel in packs, searching for food. Small animals and birds are the common prey of wolves, but a pack sometimes attacks reindeer, caribou, sheep, and other large mammals, usually selecting weak, old, or very young animals for easier capture. When no live prey can be found, wolves feed on carrion (decaying flesh of dead animals). They also eat berries. Example Wolves live on prairies, forests and mountains Hunt in packs. Eat small animals: birds Also eat larger animals: reindeer or caribou. Look for easy prey: old, young, sick Will eat carrion and berries Persuasive 8
47 When writing, put away source. Just use your notes!Wolves live on prairies, forests and mountains Hunt in packs. Eat small animals: birds Also eat larger animals: reindeer or caribou. Look for easy prey: old, young, sick Will eat carrion and berries Wolves live in packs in several different habitats. They can be found in prairies, as well as forests and mountains. Living in a pack is helpful, especially when it comes to hunting. Together, wolves can take down reindeer and caribou. Wolves also eat smaller animals such as birds. They will even eat dead animals and berries. . Persuasive 8
48 Adding borrowed ideas to notes:Always paraphrase unless the quote is unique and must be quoted such as “I have a dream” (Martin Luther King). Original text: According to Alex Ashe, “Many athletes have gotten to where they are with little or no emphasis on academics.” Paraphrase and cite: Doing well in school is not important to many athletes (Ashe). Persuasive 8
49 Paraphrase: From a purely medical perspective, the unsupervised use of prescription medications by otherwise healthy adults can have a variety of nasty consequences. Smart pills without a prescription can have negative effects (Pendleton).
50 Paraphrase: The misuse of Adderall raises profound ethical questions as well. The use of smart pills may be unfair(Pendleton).
51 Reason 1: Reason 2: Reason 3: Counterargument: DetailsClaim: Reason 1: Reason 2: Reason 3: Counterargument: Details Persuasive 8
52 Pick a position! Thesis (your claim) Checklist:Thesis statement avoids using first person pronouns (I, me, my, we, our). Thesis statement uses key words from prompt. Thesis statement references three pieces of support/body paragraphs. Thesis statement is one sentence. Persuasive 8
53 Reason 1: Reason 2: Reason 3: Counterargument: DetailsClaim: add your thesis Reason 1: Reason 2: Reason 3: Counterargument: Details Persuasive 8
54 Claim: Reason 1: Reason 2: Reason 3: Counterargument/ rebuttal:During your annotation of the text, you identified 3 reasons. Ask yourself: 1. Do they support my thesis or claim? 2. Are they different from each other? 3. Can I sufficiently develop this reason using the sources and my own ideas? Remember, logos is the primary appeal for an argumentative piece. Persuasive 8
55 Claim: Reason 1: Reason 2: Reason 3: Counterargument/ rebuttal:Add details! Make sure the details: 1. Support the reason. 2. Aren’t repetitive. 3. Are quality details (no filler!). 4. Include at least four details for each reason. Remember to most of these details logical (logos) and ethical (ethos) appeals! Persuasive 8
56 Claim: Reason 1: Reason 2: Reason 3: Counterargument/ rebuttal:Discuss opposing claims and refute them! Persuasive 8
57 Counterargument ChecklistCounterargument begins by acknowledging the other side (Some argue/ Opponents claim/ It has been noted that_________) 2. Rebuttal refutes or challenges the opposing views. Persuasive 8
58 Example Some would say that homework is good for students because it helps them practice important skills. However, students can also practice these skills during class, so homework is unnecessary. Transition Opposing view or counterclaim Rebuttal Persuasive 8
59 Claim: Reason 1: Reason 2: Reason 3: Counterargument/ rebuttal:Discuss opposing claims and refute them! Persuasive 8
60 Mini-lesson: provide two distinct reasons.What’s wrong with these reasons? Cats are better pets than dogs because: They are independent. They don’t require much attention. These reasons are too similar. Persuasive 8
61 What’s wrong with these reasons? Homework should be banned because: Students don’t have calculators at home. Students don’t have what they need to complete homework. One reason is a detail for the other reason. Persuasive 8
62 What wrong with these details?Cats are better pets than dogs because: Cats cost less. they consume less food. their vet visits are cheaper. they’re not noisy like barking dogs. Detail “c” is off topic or irrelevant. Persuasive 8
63 Mini-lesson: counterargumentWhat’s wrong with the opposing point statement below? III. Dogs are better than cats because they are more loyal, fun, and affectionate. III. Some people say that dogs are more loyal, fun, and affectionate than cats. I disagree. Use transitions to show you are now presenting the opposing view. Persuasive 8
64 What’s wrong with this counterpoint?Some people say… Dogs are man’s best friend and will defend you with their lives. Our canine friends love to play fetch and other games. They lick your face to show their love of you. Opposing claims are not refuted!!! You’re scoring one for the other team! Persuasive 8
65 Refute! While some people believe that dogs are man’s best friend, I think that cats have a quiet sort of loyalty. Although our canine friends love to play fetch and other games, cats can be equally playful with a ball of string. While dogs lick your face to show their love, cats nestle in your lap and will also give you a few affectionate licks. Persuasive 8
66 The counterargument: use transitions to present point and counterpointThe counterargument: use transitions to present point and counterpoint. There should be at least three! Persuasive 8
67 T Chart Peer Review Reasons and details:Is each reason supported by 4 quality details? Can the writer really get 5 to 7 well-developed sentences out of this? Are all details related to reason? Is there any repetition? Counterargument/rebuttal: Did the writer use the necessary transitions to distinguish between his view and opposition? (Some people say…I disagree.) Are three opposing points refuted? Did the writer really refute or discredit the opposition? Persuasive 8
68 DRAFTING Persuasive 8
69 The introduction: Hooks the readerIntroduces the topic (provides context) States the thesis Persuasive 8
70 The hook or attention grabber:questions story or anecdote facts or statistics inspiring quote Persuasive 8
71 Tell a story+intro to topic+thesisMandy Wilson was never a good test-taker, and so it was no wonder that her heart rate would speed up with every practice test for the upcoming statewide assessment. On the first day of the actual statewide assessment, Mandy had a full-blown panic attack and had to be removed from class. And Mandy is not alone. Many students are experiencing high levels of anxiety due to the pressures of standardized assessment. And this anxiety may be a year- long experience as teachers take more and more time to prepare for high stakes tests. Standardized testing is known to cause damage to many students and impact negatively on their education, so perhaps it is time to put an end to it. Persuasive 8
72 Ask questions+intro to topic+thesisWho in their right mind thought that high school students should get up in the dark when their natural rhythm is just the opposite? Who in their right mind decided to put society’s most inexperienced drivers on the road before sunrise? What teacher in their right mind would happily embrace the challenge of motivating a sleep- deprived first period class? Anyone in their right mind knows that overtired teens simply do not make the best students. Starting the school day at a later time would help increase students’ attentiveness and ultimately academic performance. Persuasive 8
73 Offer a fact or statisticIt is a frightening reality that someone is injured by a drunk driver every two minutes. In 2014, almost 10,000 people were killed at the hands of a drunk driver and almost 300,000 other victims were injured. Despite these sobering numbers, over one million drivers are still arrested for driving under the influence each year (MADD). So what can be done to stop the carnage of drunk drivers? Lawmakers across the nation need to stiffen the penalties for driving under the influence and increase awareness of these penalties, particularly among its youngest drivers. Persuasive 8
74 Offer an inspiring background information and/or quotation“If a group of terrorists decided to place a poison gas in public places, there would be outrage and prompt reaction,” says William Farone, a former Philip Morris scientist. Yet we tolerate the equally harmful practice of smoking in public. Having worked for a tobacco company as a chemist for many years, Farone knows what he is saying. He now testifies against his former employers and the tobacco industry. According to Farone, tobacco companies value profit above public welfare and could easily develop a safer product (Wikapedia). Perhaps it is time for the government to regulate nicotine levels and put an end to the profitable addiction of cigarette smoking once and for all. Persuasive 8
75 Thesis must: End intro paragraphBe a declarative statement and NOT a question Be supportable in the body of the essay. Whiparound: share last sentence of intro (thesis)
76 Model Persuasive 8
77 Intro: Are celebrities good role models? This is the question asked by many adults worried about the young minds of their children. From donating to charities and helping the community to being an inspiration to many teens and young adults, celebrities mostly have a positive impact on many people. Celebrities come in many shapes and sizes and include athletes, entrepreneurs, actors and singers. Therefore, their influence is widespread and they have the power to reach more people than the average person. Sure, some celebrities may abuse their power and send the wrong message to impressionable admirers, but most do not. Celebrities make excellent role models because of their great accomplishments, their inspiring messages, and their generosity. Persuasive 8
78 body To begin with, celebrities make good role models because they share the important lessons of both their successes and failures. Celebrities show their young fans how to accomplish their goals in life. They often share the certain steps they took to become successful and this may guide young admirers to success. These “rags to riches” stories are very inspirational. Another way celebrities serve as role models is by sharing the struggles they have faced and overcome. Some struggles may include a loss in the family or a drug addiction. “A celebrity who struggles with an addiction, but battles and overcomes it, can be a very positive role model,” states Kathryn Hatter in the article “The Effects of Celebrity Role Models on Kids and Teens.” Learning from the failures and successes of others is important for young people, and celebrities have many valuable lessons to share. Persuasive 8
79 body Celebrities are also good role models because of their generosity. For instance, some celebrities help charities by holding fundraisers, making donations, or appearing on public service announcements. One actress, Sofia Vergara, appeared on a Saint Judes Hospital commercial to help raise money for children with cancer. Akon, a famous rapper, spent a lot of time and money building power lines in Africa , delivering electricity to more than one million people. Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft and one of the world’s wealthiest men, is dedicated to promoting health around the world. His foundation delivers vaccines and cures to many people who have no access to healthcare (Tweedie). Many celebrities are dedicated to helping out the less fortunate, and this inspires their followers to be generous as well. Persuasive 8
80 body Celebrities also deliver important inspirational messages through their art to the public. Many singers will provide hope and encouragement to fans. For example, Taylor Swift’s lyrics, “haters gonna hate, shake it off,” can help children to be themselves and worry less about the opinions of others. Rappers are often criticized for being negative influences, but many provide uplifting messages. For example, Tupak Shakur sang, “No matter how hard it gets, stick your chest out, keep your head up and handle it.” (“Me Against the World”). And many song lyrics actually address important world issues such as poverty and hunger, and these songs can raise awareness and demand change. The Black Eyed Peas wrote “Where is the Love” to condemn violence and promote peace. There is no denying that celebrities have the power to spread the word! Persuasive 8
81 Body: counterclaim On the contrary, some may say that celebrities are bad influences based on their actions and behavior. Many critics of celebrities worry about cheaters such as Lance Armstrong, the cyclist who was caught doping and stripped of his medals. They worry about criminals such as Oskar Pistorius, the Olympic Blade Runner from South Africa who murdered his girlfriend (Ashe). They worry about celebrities like Justin Bieber who do drugs and/or drive under the influence. But is it fair to judge all celebrities based on the poor decisions of a few? Should we throw away all the good that celebrities can do because a few of them have lost their way? There are cheaters, criminals and drug addicts in all walks of life and the world of celebrities is no different. However, many well-meaning celebrities are in a unique position to have a positive impact on their fans, and a few bad apples should not take away from that. Persuasive 8
82 conclusion All in all, celebrities can serve as good role models for their fans. Their life stories can inspire others to greatness. Even their troubles and setbacks can offer valuable lessons. Many demonstrate generosity which can lead their fans to also be more giving. Celebrities send messages of comfort and hope to many, and even spread the word about important issues in society. While there are some celebrities who do questionable things, many provide examples of great success and moral strength. Don’t discount celebrity role models; just pick the right one. Persuasive 8
83 Mini-lessons Persuasive 8
84 Topic sentence: Must support the thesis Must NOT be a detail sentenceMust be supportable by details in the paragraph. Do: Write topic sentence for second paragraph and share with neighbor. Share several in a modified whiparound.
85 Mini-lesson: citing sourcesBe sure to cite sources when you use direct quotes or paraphrase! Use signal words or phrases: According to Smith in the article, “Why Athletes Make Poor Role Models,” athletes can make poor choices on and off the field. Some signal words: asserts suggests indicate reveals claims thinks adds demonstrates insists explains contends shows writes argues declares proves believes finds observes illustrates Persuasive 8
86 Or just use a parenthetical citation:Athletes should not be considered role models because many are likely to disappoint their fans with unethical or even criminal behavior. Consider Lance Armstrong and his doping controversy. Then there is Oskar Pistorius who murdered his girlfriend and is now serving time. And the once beloved Tiger Woods is now more recognized for his infidelity and philandering than for his athletic accomplishments (Ashe). Persuasive 8
87 Works Cited Works CitedAshe, Alex. “The problems with athletes as role models.” Yes Weekly. 27 Feb Web. 1 Nov
88 Mini-lesson: The DetailsPersuasive 8
89 Mini-lesson: How do you develop details?Use your own ideas and borrowed ideas. Offer examples drawn from your source and your own background knowledge. Provide facts from your source. Include statistics from your source. Share important quotes (sparingly!) that make a strong point. Persuasive 8
90 Elaborate: what strategies are used?If you like writing, you’ll love Mr. Wilson’s class. We write all the time. Each week, there is a new assignment. We do so many different types of writing. I have learned a lot about writing. If you like writing, you’ll love Mr. Wilson’s class because we write every day. This year, we have already done a personal narrative, a research paper, and a short story. Soon, we will create a graphic novel. I have learned quite a bit. For example, I now realize the importance of organizing my ideas, developing them, and expressing them clearly. We will complete ten major writing assignments by the end of the year. As Mr. Wilson always says, “Practice makes perfect!” Persuasive 8
91 What strategies are used?Yellowstone National Park is the best national park to visit. There is so much wildlife such as bison, elk, and bear. The landscape is also amazing, especially the geysers. This park is truly a national treasure. Yellowstone National Park is the best national park to visit. It’s the world’s first national park and is where you will find 60% of the world’s geysers. Old Faithful, the park’s most famous geyser, is a quite a spectacular site. In addition, there are over 67 species of mammals including bison, elk, grizzly bear, and wolf. You won’t find this much wildlife anywhere else in the United States. This park is truly a national treasure. Persuasive 8
92 Whiparound: Give example of a strategy you used in paragraph 2.Be prepared to share your detail and identify which type of detail it is. Example Fact Statistics quotes Persuasive 8
93 Mini-lesson: synthesizing Connecting ideas presenting and drawing conclusions from the connections.Persuasive 8
94 Synthesize: draw conclusionsState the facts clearly and completely: Juvenile murders have fallen 71.% between and 2008. Arrest rates for all violent crime among teens have dropped 49.3% during this time span. But video game sales have quadrupled. Synthesize: Connect ideas and draw conclusions: Given that murders and other violent crimes by teens are down, how can there be a connection between violence in society and violence in video games? Persuasive 8
95 Peer review: concluding sentencesLook at your concluding sentences for paragraphs 2 and 3. Did you synthesize the information in the paragraph? If not, add a concluding sentence. Share some concluding sentences in a modified whiparound. Persuasive 8
96 Mini-lesson The rebuttalFor every point the opposing has, you must have a counterpoint or rebuttal. Example: Some people say that many athletes get into trouble with the law, but it does not seem fair to judge all celebrities based on the poor decisions of a few. Use transition to make clear which is an opposing claim and which is your counterclaim: Some say … but
97 The counterargument: use transitions to present point and counterpointThe counterargument: use transitions to present point and counterpoint. There should be at least three! Persuasive 8
98 Mini-lesson: active v passive voicePersuasive 8
99 Be like lebron! Active Passive
100 Mini-lesson: no I or you in formal expressionTo begin with, taking a smart pill without having a prescription can cause many side effects. One example of a side effect is that it could make you less creative (Pendleton). Also, using this pill can make you less hungry and loss of nutrition can result. This is bad especially for the people with eating disorders because they could take this pill just to lose weight when they don’t need to. Secondly, you can get addicted to this pill. Finally, you might become sleep deprived because of smart pills.
101 Mini-lesson: no I or youTo begin with, taking a smart pill without being a prescription can cause many side effects. One example of a side effect is the loss of creativity (Pendleton). Also, taking this pill can make users less hungry and loss of nutrition can result. This is bad especially for the people with eating disorders because they could take this pill just to lose weight when they don’t need to. Secondly, this pill can lead to addiction. Finally, users might become sleep deprived because of smart pills.
102 Be Concise! Concise: present all the needed information clearly with as few words as possible The ill effects of these “smart pills” will cause effects that will make taking them not so smart. Smart pills come with dangerous side effects, so perhaps it is not so smart to take them.
103 Be concise The loss of appetite is a side affect of taking these smart pills. Smart pills also cause a loss of appetite.
104 Avoid redundancy Redundancy: unnecessary language in writing that does not contribute to meaning. Redundant: There were three teachers that taught each and every hour at school today. Concise: There were three teachers that taught every hour at school today.
105 Mini-lesson: pronoun usage -Don’t overuse pronouns -Make sure every pronoun has a clear antecedent -make sure pronouns and antecedents agree Persuasive 8
106 What is wrong? It makes them feel confident in themselves, and that they can do anything. It makes them want to be just like them. Beauty contests make contestants feel confident in themselves, and that they can do anything. It makes young female viewers want to be just like the contestants. Persuasive 8
107 What is wrong? They’re also safe because if they’re in a store with their parents, and they get lost and can’t find their parent, then they could just call them on their cell phone. Cell phones are also safe because if a child is in a store with his parents and gets lost, then the child could just call his parents on his cell phone. Persuasive 8
108 What’s wrong? Although the pills should not be used illegally, it gives help to many people with ADHD. Although the pills should not be used illegally, they give help to many people with ADHD.
109 Mini-lesson:Get rid of filler sentencesThat’s why I think we should ban violent video games. I am going to tell you why smoking should be banned. I hope I have convinced you to quit smoking. Now I hope you are on my side after reading this. Persuasive 8
110 Peer review: Hunt for filler sentencesThat’s why I think we should ban violent video games. I am going to tell you why smoking should be banned. I hope I have convinced you to quit smoking. Now I hope you are on my side after reading this. Persuasive 8
111 A/B C/D E/F Focus Domain Sit next to partner.Take his or her form and write your name next to “Editor name.” Look at FCAs; this is all you are looking for. Read paper and make notes throughout. Be prepared to record and give your partner a “push” and a “praise. Any disrespect or off-task behavior will result in a green card. Persuasive 8
112 Focus FCAs Reasons support claim Details support reason Persuasive 8
113 A/C B/E D/F Organization Domain Sit next to partner.Take his or her form and write your name next to “Editor name.” Look at FCAs; this is all you are looking for. Read paper and make notes throughout. Be prepared to record and give your partner a “push” and a “praise. Any disrespect or off-task behavior will result in a green card. Persuasive 8
114 Organization FCAS Persuasive transitions are completeDetails are logically ordered and in the correct paragraph Five indented paragraphs Persuasive 8
115 A/D B/F C/E Content Domain Sit next to partner.Take his or her form and write your name next to “Editor name.” Look at FCAs; this is all you are looking for. Read paper and make notes throughout. Be prepared to record and give your partner a “push” and a “praise. Any disrespect or off-task behavior will result in a green card. Persuasive 8
116 Content FCAS Attention grabber is engaging Topic introducedThesis clearly stated Three distinct reasons are provided Each detail is well-developed and relevant to reason Appeals are mostly logical (logos) Conclusion shows ability to synthesize and includes a call to action Persuasive 8
117 A/E B/D C/F Style Domain Sit next to partner.Take his or her form and write your name next to “Editor name.” Look at FCAs; this is all you are looking for. Read paper and make notes throughout. Be prepared to record and give your partner a “push” and a “praise. Any disrespect or off-task behavior will result in a green card. Persuasive 8
118 Style FCAs Sentence structure is varied.Word choice is varied and appropriately formal. No confusing pronoun usage Expression is clear and concise Persuasive 8
119 A/F B/C D/E Convention Domain Sit next to partner.Take his or her form and write your name next to “Editor name.” Look at FCAs; this is all you are looking for. Read paper and make notes throughout. Be prepared to record and give your partner a “push” and a “praise. Any disrespect or off-task behavior will result in a green card. Persuasive 8
120 Convention FCAs Complete sentences Appropriate punctuationCorrect spelling Appropriate capitalization Persuasive 8
121 Focus: Reasons support claim Details support reason Organization Persuasive transitions are complete Details are logically ordered and in the correct paragraph Five indented paragraphs Content Thesis clearly stated Two distinct reasons are provided Each detail is well-developed and relevant to reason No repetition Conclusion shows ability to synthesize and includes a call to action Style Sentence structure is varied. Word choice is varied and appropriately formal. No confusing pronoun usage Expression is clear and concise Conventions Complete sentences Appropriate punctuation Correct spelling Appropriate capitalization
122 Take it home and make it perfect!Follow rubric Type in Times New Roman, font size 12 Double-space!!! Submit paper before due date or parent is contacted and you lose 10% for each day late. Persuasive 8
123 Socratic circle discussionComplete the Genetic Science Ethics Questionnaire Jot down explanations for your position and questions for the circle regarding the topic. Be prepared to discuss, not debate, the ethical issues raised in this questionnaire. Inner circle will discuss first 5 questions (1-5) Outer circle will discuss last 5 questions (6-10).
124 Debate vocabulary: record in cornell notes
125 Position: a personal viewpoint or opinion. Example: I think uniforms in school would benefit students.
126 Motion or proposition:a suggestion or proposal. Example: I make a motion to require uniforms in school.
127 Pro: in favor of a motion.
128 Con: against a motion.
129 Affirmative Side (proposition):Supports the motion or proposition Example: I represent the proposition and support the motion to have uniforms in school.
130 Negative Side (Opposition):opposes the motion. Example: I represent the opposition and I do not support the motion to have uniforms in school.
131 Argument: oral disagreement.
132 Constructive Speech: position is presented and supported. My is name Mrs. Fava and I represent the proposition. I make a motion to require uniforms in school… My name is Sarah and I oppose the motion to require uniforms in school…
133 Flowing: taking notes during the debate.
134 Rebuttal response to opposition’s argumentMy opponent says that uniforms save money, but I disagree. Uniforms actually increase a student’s clothes budget because parents have to buy uniforms and afterschool clothes.
135 Rebuttal Strategies Refute Discredit
136 Refutation Rebuttal strategy disproving the opposing view. Make their idea seem untrue, illogical, or unimportant. While uniforms may create order, the more important issue is that they take away individual expression.
137 Discredit Rebuttal strategy to show someone to be undeserving of trust or belief. My opponent may have good intentions, but she doesn’t understand what is at stake. As a teacher, Mrs. Fava is more concerned with order in her classroom than the needs of students and parents.
138 Resolutions: Designer Babies Neuro-enchancing drugs (brain doping):Technology in sports: is it cheating? (tech doping) Artificial intelligence
139 annotate: converse actively with the textUnderline ideas you might want to include in your argument. Label ideas (R1 or R2 or R3 or C). Write down questions and statements that come to mind in the margins of the text. Persuasive 8
140 Notetaking: Create a t-chartHopefully after annotating the text, you have identified 3 reasons to develop and counterclaims to refute. Persuasive 8
141 position: Reasoning Reason 1 Reason 2 Reason 3 Rebuttal Support
142 DEBATE INSTRUCTIONS Flip a coin to decide who picks topic.The opponent who did not pick the topic will get to choose a position first. Each opponent must then prepare an argument. Each opponent will speak for two minutes for the constructive speech and one minute for the rebuttal. When the bell rings, stand and begin speaking. When the bell rings again, sit and stop speaking. No speaking during the other person’s turn; just take notes and refute during your rebuttal.
143 Appleas in advertisingWhat can we learn from some of the most persuasive people out there? What are the appeals commonly used by advertisers?
144 Know your Audience Age Race Gender Income Education Persuasive 8
145 Target audience A group of people that marketing is targeted to.Persuasive 8
146 Demographics Information about your target audience such as age, gender, race, religion, class and education level. Persuasive 8
147 Appeal to target audienceTarget advertising to a specific audience with demographics in mind such as age and gender. Don’t focus on the sugar content of cereal for parents. Don’t focus on the healthy content of cereal for kids. Persuasive 8
148 Who is the target audience?Persuasive 8
149 Sometimes advertisers develop multiple targetsPersuasive 8
150 Who is the target audience? Persuasive 8
151 Think pair share Discuss how products appeal exclusively to the following audiences and how advertisers target them. Be prepared to share: Teen girls (row A) Teen boys (row B) Adult men (row C) Adult women (row D) Children under 10 (row E) Senior citizens (row F) Persuasive 8
152 Your target audience…. Persuasive 8
153 Me…how do you appeal to me?Use formal language. Be clear and concise in your expression. Be focused and organized as you develop your reasoning. Provide extensive support for your reasoning; use mostly logos appeals. Check your grammar and spelling! Persuasive 8
154 Pathos: Emotional appealMake them pity Make them laugh Make them fear Persuasive 8
155 Make them pity https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9gspElv1yvcPersuasive 8
156 Make them laugh http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I33sM9WqLlsPersuasive 8
157 Make them fear https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhBub2fQmE0Persuasive 8
158 pathos: make connections or associationsTransfer Testimonials Bandwagon Snob appeal Plain folk appeal Persuasive 8
159 Transfer: associate someone or something positive with the productLifestyle that someone wants Someone’s heroic status as an athlete can sell a product Persuasive 8
160 Associate product with lifestyle.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fXxeEuz7Xxs Persuasive 8
161 testimonial A well-known spokesperson or expert speaks on behalf of a product. Persuasive 8
162 Two prong approach! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sfy8UYRh mpAPersuasive 8
163 Jump on the Bandwagon! Advertisers convey the message that "everyone's doing it.” This taps into our need to belong. This strategy is particularly effective with teens who want to fit in and have what other teens have. Persuasive 8
164 Think pair share Discuss the following:Products that make teens want to jump on the bandwagon. Products that make adults want to jump on the bandwagon. Persuasive 8
165 Snob appeal: tap into people’s need to feel superior.Persuasive 8
166 Plain folks appeal: practical product for ordinary people.Persuasive 8
167 analysis: What are the appeals in these ads?Persuasive 8
168 More Pathos: Loaded LanguageWords that pack a punch! Elicit strong positive or negative reaction. Persuasive 8
169 logos: logical appeal: it makes sense to buy…Saves money and time. Facts and figures. Persuasive 8
170 Saves time! Many products are marketed to be the wisest choice for making life easier. Persuasive 8
171 Saves money! Many products are marketed to be the least expensive choice. Persuasive 8
172 Facts and figures Statistics and objective factual information is used to prove the superiority of the product. Persuasive 8
173 Ethos: appeal to sense of fairness and establish trust.Is it right or wrong? Is it fair? Does this company have a good reputation? Can I trust this product or this person? Persuasive 8
174 Ethos: appeal to sense of fairness and establish trust.Is it right or wrong? Is it fair? Does this company have a good reputation? Can I trust this product or this person? Persuasive 8
175 Public service Announcements: appeal to sense of fairness.Persuasive 8
176 Persuasive 8
177 Product ads: reputationPersuasive 8
178 Lawyers need your trust!Persuasive 8