1 The Present Tense and the Present Perfect of the Subjunctive with Expressions of Doubt

2 Subjunctive with Doubt ò To express doubt, uncertainty, or disbelief about actions in the present, you use the present subjunctive. ò To express doubt, uncertainty, or disbelief about actions in the past, you use the present perfect subjunctive.

3 Doubt and Uncertainty ò Remember, the present perfect subjunctive is formed with the present subjunctive of HABER + a past participle. ò Dudo que existan los extraterrestres. ò Es posible que Es dudoso que

4 Disbelief ò No creo que hayan existido los extraterrestres. ò Es imposible que…

5 Expressions of Certainty ò Expressions of belief, knowledge or certainty are usually followed by the indicative. ò Creo que ésas son ruinas mayas. ò Estoy segura que… ò Es evidente que… ò Es verdad que… ò Sabemos que… ò No dudo que…