1 The Preterite Tense

2 What are the uses of the Preterite Tense? 1) To talk about specific actions, completed at a specific time in the past. 1) To talk about specific actions, completed at a specific time in the past. Example: Ayer yo fui al centro comercial. Example: Ayer yo fui al centro comercial. Yesterday I went to the mall. Yesterday I went to the mall.

3 What are the uses of the Preterite Tense? 2) To talk about successive completed events. 2) To talk about successive completed events. Example: Esta mañana yo me desperté a las cinco, me levanté a las cinco y diez, me duché, me vestí, me cepillé los dientes y salí para la escuela. Example: Esta mañana yo me desperté a las cinco, me levanté a las cinco y diez, me duché, me vestí, me cepillé los dientes y salí para la escuela. This morning I woke up, got up, showerd, got dressed…etc. This morning I woke up, got up, showerd, got dressed…etc.

4 Expressions Used to Help Identify the Preterite Tense ayer – yesterday ayer – yesterday anteayer- the day before yest anteayer- the day before yest anoche – last night anoche – last night la semana pasada – last week la semana pasada – last week el año pasado- last year el año pasado- last year el fin de semana pasado – last el fin de semana pasado – last weekend weekend

5 Expressions Used to Help Identify the Imperfect Tense el verano pasado – last summer el verano pasado – last summer una vez – one time una vez – one time un día – one day un día – one day de repente – suddenly de repente – suddenly de pronto - suddenly de pronto - suddenly finalmente – finally finalmente – finally

6 Uses of the Preterite Tense 3) To talk about actions that interrupt other activities. 3) To talk about actions that interrupt other activities. Example: Mientras yo miraba la tele, mi amigo llegó. Example: Mientras yo miraba la tele, mi amigo llegó. While I was watching TV, my friend arrived. While I was watching TV, my friend arrived.

7 Uses of the Preterite Tense 4) The beginning and end of certain states or situations. 4) The beginning and end of certain states or situations. Example: La clase empezó a las siete. Example: La clase empezó a las siete. The class began at seven. The class began at seven. Example: Después de la cena, ella se durmió. Example: Después de la cena, ella se durmió. After dinner she fell asleep. After dinner she fell asleep.

8 How do I conjugate in the Preterite Tense? You drop the ENDING and add a given set of endings to the STEM. You drop the ENDING and add a given set of endings to the STEM. Are there stem changes? Are there stem changes? Yes! In the sandal of “-ir” verbs only. Yes! In the sandal of “-ir” verbs only. (e  i, o  u) (e  i, o  u)

9 How do I conjugate in the Preterite Tense? Are there spelling changes? Are there spelling changes? Yes! In the “yo” form of “-ar” verbs (-gar, -car, -zar)… Yes! In the “yo” form of “-ar” verbs (-gar, -car, -zar)… c  qu g  guz  c …and in the sandal of “-er/-ir” verbs whose stem ends in a vowel. …and in the sandal of “-er/-ir” verbs whose stem ends in a vowel. (i  y) (i  y) Are there irregulars? Are there irregulars?  Yes! There are lots of irregulars including “special” stems which have “special” endings. GUSTAR: Two forms-gustó / gustaronGUSTAR: Two forms-gustó / gustaron

10 Uses of the Preterite Tense haber – hubo haber – hubo there was/there were there was/there were This implies that an event “took place, ocurred” This implies that an event “took place, ocurred” Example: Hubo un accidente. Example: Hubo un accidente. There was an accident. There was an accident.

11 Imperfect Tense Endings “-AR” VERBS -ó -aste -é -amos -asteis -aron

12 comprar – to buy compré compraron comprasteis compramos compraste compró

13 “-ar verbs” Verbs that end in “-gar, -car, -zar” have a spelling change before the -é ending of the “yo” form. Verbs that end in “-gar, -car, -zar” have a spelling change before the -é ending of the “yo” form. c  qu g  gu z  c c  qu g  gu z  c There are no stem changes in ”-ar” verbs of the preterite tense. There are no stem changes in ”-ar” verbs of the preterite tense.

14 buscar – to look for busqué buscaron buscasteis buscamos buscaste buscó

15 pagar – to pay pagué pagaron pagasteis pagamos pagaste pagó

16 empezar – to begin empecé empezaron empezasteis empezamos empezaste empezó

17 jugar – to play jugué jugaron jugasteis jugamos jugaste jugó

18 Imperfect Tense Endings “-ER/-IR” VERBS -ió -iste -í -imos -isteis -ieron

19 comer – to eat comí comieron comisteis comimos comiste comió

20 vivir – to live viví vivieron vivisteis vivimos viviste vivió

21 ir - to go fui fueron fuisteis fuimos fuiste fue

22 ser - to be fui fueron fuisteis fuimos fuiste fue

23 ver – to see -vio -viste -vi -vimos -visteis -vieron

24 dar – to give -dio -diste -di -dimos -disteis -dieron

25 “-aer, -eer, -uir verbs” Verbs that end in “-aer, -eer, -uir” have a spelling change in the sandal of i  y. Verbs that end in “-aer, -eer, -uir” have a spelling change in the sandal of i  y. ió  yó ieron  yeron ió  yó ieron  yeron “-aer” & “-eer” verbs have accents on every “I” outside of the sandal. “-aer” & “-eer” verbs have accents on every “I” outside of the sandal. “-uir” verbs have the same accents as usual (weak vowels) “-uir” verbs have the same accents as usual (weak vowels)

26 -aer, -eer verbs (add accents to these) (add accents to these) caerse – to fall caerse – to fall leer – to read leer – to read creer – to think, believe creer – to think, believe oír – to hear oír – to hear

27 oír – to hear (notice accents) -oyó -oíste -oí -oímos -oísteis -oyeron

28 leer – to read (notice accents) -leyó -leíste -leí -leímos -leísteis -leyeron

29 caerse – to fall (notice accents) - se cayó -te caíste -me caí -nos caímos -os caísteis -se cayeron

30 -uir verbs (regular accents) (regular accents) construir – to build, construct construir – to build, construct destruir – to destroy destruir – to destroy influir – to influence influir – to influence concluir – to conclude concluir – to conclude

31 influir – to influence (normal accents) -influyó - influiste -influí -influimos -influisteis -influyeron

32 pedir – to ask for (e  i) -pidió -pediste -pedí -pedimos -pedisteis -pidieron

33 preferir – to prefer (e  i) prefirió preferiste preferí preferimos preferisteis prefirieron

34 dormir – to sleep (o  u) durmió dormiste dormí dormimos dormisteis durmieron

35 reír to laugh (e  i) accent and spelling issues! rió reíste reí reímos reísteis rieron

36 Verbs with “Special Stems” There are a set of verbs that have an irregular stem. There are a set of verbs that have an irregular stem. This stem is used throughout the entire verb chart. This stem is used throughout the entire verb chart. They also use a different set of endings. They also use a different set of endings. They don’t have any accents! They don’t have any accents!

37 Endings for Verbs with “Special Stems” -o -iste -e -imos -isteis -ieron

38 Verbs with “Special Stems” hacer  hic- hacer  hic- hiz- in the él/ella form hiz- in the él/ella form querer  quis- querer  quis- venir  vin – venir  vin –

39 Verbs with “Special Stems” decir  dij- decir  dij- conducir  conduj- conducir  conduj- producir  produj- producir  produj- traducir  traduj- traducir  traduj- traer  traj- traer  traj- In all of these verbs the “i” is dropped from “-ieron” In all of these verbs the “i” is dropped from “-ieron” (dijeron, condujeron, trajeron etc.) (dijeron, condujeron, trajeron etc.)

40 Verbs with “Special Stems” andar  anduv- andar  anduv- tener  tuv- tener  tuv- estar  estuv- estar  estuv- poder  pud- poder  pud- poner  pus- poner  pus- saber  sup- saber  sup-

41 querer – to want quise quisieron quisisteis quisimos quisiste quiso

42 saber – to know supe supieron supisteis supimos supiste supo

43 conducir – to drive conduje condujeron condujisteis condujimos condujiste condujo

44 andar – to walk anduve anduvieron anduvisteis anduvimos anduviste anduvo