1 The Roaring Twenties/Jazz AgeChapters 32 and 33 The Roaring Twenties/Jazz Age The Great Depression
2 Warren G. Harding 1920 Harding was the 29th president.“Return to Normalcy” He died in California
3 Teapot Dome Scandal A scandal about oil fields held by the Navy in Wyoming which were sold. Sec. Fall secretly leased them to a private business interests.
4 Albert B. Fall Only person to serve prison sentence from the Teapot Dome Scandal. Fall is the “fall guy”. Had a home in El Paso!
5 Americans struggle 1921: brief postwar recessionWorld War I soldiers returned home-looking for a job and housing. United States returned from a wartime economy to a peacetime economy. 1921: brief postwar recession : a lengthy period of business prosperity 1929: ended in economic disaster (stock market crash)
6 Red Scare 1919 Communist Revolution in Russia 1917.Lenin and Bolsheviks frighten Americans. Red Scare was a fear of anything communist. Anarchist- people who opposed any form of governments.
7 A. Mitchell Palmer Palmer RaidsPalmer would use his power to raided meeting places of alleged radical groups. He ignored search warrants and writ of habeas corpus. Palmer is viewed by Americans as a hero. In January, 1920, another 6,000 were arrested and held without trial.
8 J. Edgar Hoover Hoover will be director of FBI.Hoover collected information. Politically dangerous-Palmer used this information to deport people.
9 A Society in Conflict Anti-immigrant Sacco-Vanzetti TrialNational Origins Act Discrimination Sacco-Vanzetti Trial Italian immigrants Unfair trial
10 Anti-Immigrants Laws Emergency Quota Act Stated to keep out East Europe people because of their religion and lack of intelligence. National Origins Act-1924 that blatantly discriminated against immigrants from southern and eastern Europe and virtually excluded Asians
11 Ku Klux Klan- KKK D.W.Griffith-”Birth of a Nation”Gained strength in small towns of the Midwest, Southeast, and West. Membership increased to 5 million. They marched to Washington D.C. D.W.Griffith-”Birth of a Nation”
12 African-Americans 350,000 served in WWIMany African Americans asked themselves, “Why did we fight overseas for freedoms we don’t have here?”
13 Ghetto- Segregated slums Harlem, NY
14 High School Biology teacherScopes “Monkey” Trial Evolution vs. Creationism Science vs. Religion Famous Lawyers Dayton, Tennessee John Scopes High School Biology teacher
15 Scopes Trial “Monkey Trial”A trial over the issue of evolution. Two sides: Fundamentalists- people who believe a literal interpretation of the Bible. Clarence Darrow-agnostic defends John Scopes. William Jennings Bryan- Prosecutor
16 Prohibition Era A period in American history in which restrictions on alcohol. Anti Saloon League Anti Immigrant
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18 18th Amendment 1917 This amendment banned the sale, manufacture, and transportation of “ intoxicating liquor” But did not say, you could not buy it or drink it.
19 Volstead Act 1919 A lengthy list of exemptions to the 18th Amendment.Religious Medicinal
20 Speakeasies- secret clubs (Blind Pigs)
21 Prohibition agents destroying barrels of alcohol.L&J Cafe is truly a one-of-a-kind El Paso institution (speakeasy)
22 Al Capone's cell at the Eastern State PenitentiaryDefying Prohibition By no means did Prohibition stop people from drinking alcohol In fact, it became fashionable in the cities to defy the law by visiting “speakeasies”- bars and clubs that served alcohol Liquors, beers, and wines were readily available from bootleggers and smugglers Rival gangsters, including a Chicago gangster Al Capone, fought for control of the lucrative bootlegging business Gangs expanded during Prohibition to include gambling, prostitution, and narcotics Public Enemy Number One- Al Capone Al Capone's cell at the Eastern State Penitentiary
23 Revolution in Morals Probably the most significant change in the lives of young men and women in the 1920s was their revolt against sexual taboos Some were influenced by the writings of Austrian psychiatrist Sigmund Freud (stressed the role of sexual repression in mental illness) Movies, novels, automobiles, and new dance steps (the fox-trot and the Charleston) encouraged greater promiscuity The use of contraceptives for birth control was still against the law in almost every state (the work of Margaret Sanger and others advocated birth control which achieved growing acceptance) Inspired by women such as Margaret Sanger, women began to question their doctors and to seek more information about birth control. Opponents said such a movement was increasing female immorality.
24 Power Point done by Ms.Pozer & MenaFlappers Power Point done by Ms.Pozer & Mena static.flickr.com/ _08027d8e8b.jpg
25 American Society in the 1920sMy Candle burns at both ends; It will not last the night; But ah, my foes, and oh, my friends- It gives a lovely light! -Edna St. Vincent Millay, “First Fig,” 1920
26 Consumer Economy
27 Henry Ford First automobile in America to be built on an assembly line. Model T Detroit, Michigan
28 Advertising Advertising-needed to change Americans ways of buying. Appeal to people’s deepest needs and anxieties. Installment Plan- Paying in payments (on credit)
29 Entertainment Newspapers had once been the only medium of mass communication and entertainment In the 1920s, the radio emerged as a new media force The first commercial radio station went on the air in 1920 broadcasting music to a few thousand listeners By 1930, there were over 800 stations broadcasting to 10 million listeners The organization of the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) in 1924 and the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) in 1927 provided networks of radio stations People could now hear news broadcasts, sporting events, soap operas, quiz shows, and comedies In the 1920s, the United States government publication, "Construction and Operation of a Simple Homemade Radio Receiving Outfit", showed how almost any person handy with simple tools could a build an effective crystal radio receiver.
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31 Hollywood Industry Jazz Singer- First movie with sound talkie.Mickey Mouse-star of “Steamboat Willie” first animated movie by Walt Disney
32 Film Stars of 20’s
33 Popular Heroes In an earlier era, politicians like William Jennings Bryan, T.R., and Woodrow Wilson had been popularly viewed as heroic figures The 1920s and the new age of radio and movies radically changed Americans’ views Jack Dempsey (Heavyweight Boxing Champ) Babe Ruth (baseball homerun hitter) Of all the popular heroes of the 1920s, the most celebrated was Charles Lindbergh (flight across the Atlantic) Charles Lindbergh would become the first person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927 (The Spirit of Lt. Louis)
34 The Literature of AlienationLeading writers scorned religion and money interests of the 1920s Many of these writers included: F. Scott Fitzgerald Ernest Hemmingway Sinclair Lewis T.S. Eliot Ernest Miller Hemingway was an American author and journalist. His economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations. Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954.
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38 Harlem Renaissance By 1930, almost 20% of African Americans lived in the North The largest African American community developed in the Harlem section of New York City with an estimated population of almost 200,000 Harlem became famous in the 1920s for its concentration of talented actors, artists, musicians, and writers Major representatives of the Harlem Renaissance.
39 Harlem Renaissance continued…Poets and musicians: -leading Harlem poets included Countee Cullen, Langston Hughes, and Claude McKay -their poems expressed a range of emotion (bitterness to joy) -The Jazz Age produced great music and artists such as Duke Ellington and Louis Armstrong -yet while they might have performed in integrated audiences in Harlem they faced segregation in much of the rest of the nation James Mercer Langston Hughes was an American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist. He was one of the earliest innovators of the then-new literary art form jazz poetry.
40 Marcus Garvey In 1916, the United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) was brought to Harlem from Jamaica by a charismatic immigrant-Marcus Garvey Garvey advocated the following: Individual and racial pride for African Americans Political ideas of black nationalism Establishment of black separatism and economic self-sufficiency A back-to-Africa movement Garvey was eventually sent to prison over the fraudulent sale of stock in the Black Star Steamship line (movement collapsed and Garvey is deported) Garvey, 1924
41 New Orleans-Home of Jazz
42 American Music Jazz Duke Ellington- composerBessie Smith- blues singer Billie Holiday-blues singer George Gershwin-Jewish musician, “Rhapsody in Blue” Louis Armstrong- “Satchmo” Great trumpet player of his time.
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44 Calvin Coolidge-30th He was US President in1923-1929“Keep cool with Coolidge,” “Silent Cal” “Business of America is Business”
45 President Coolidge “The business of America is business.”Hawley- Smoot Tariff- highest tariff in American history
46 Election of 1928 Republican- Herbert Hoover Democrat-Alfred Smith
47 Herbert Hoover-31th Hoover was orphaned by the age of nine.U.S. Food Administration “Rugged Individualism”
48 How will you invest your money?It is March 3, You have $2000 in the bank, where it is earning 5% interest per year. Your friend Henry has invested in the stock market, and he says he has made a lot of money. He recommends RCA stock. RCA stock is selling for $95.00 per share. Read the following options and decide what to do with $2000.
49 How will you invest your money?A. Leave your money in the bank and get 5% interest. B. Buy 21 shares of RCA stock. C. Buy 42 shares of RCA stock on the margin. That is, you can borrow $2000 at 20% interest from a broker. The broker holds your stock as collateral for the loan. If the price goes down and you can’t pay when the loan is due, the broker will sell your stock to get back the money. If the price goes up, though, you’ll make roughly twice as much profit. D. Buy 210 shares of RCA stock on the margin/ 20% to the broker.
50 Causes of the Great Depression1. Stock Market Crash- massive selling 2. Banks failed- money was taken out & never repaid. 3. Overproduction/under consumption- factories & farmers were making to much product-and not enough takers. 4. Buying stock on the margin- everybody invested on the stock market. They could use only 10%. 5. Dust Bowl- Oklahoma farmers overproduced & topsoil was carried to New Mexico
51 “The trading floor of the New York Stock Exchange just after the crash of On Black Tuesday, October twenty-ninth, the market collapsed. In a single day, sixteen million shares were traded--a record--and thirty billion dollars vanished into thin air. Westinghouse lost two thirds of its September value. DuPont dropped seventy points. The "Era of Get Rich Quick" was over. Jack Dempsey, America's first millionaire athlete, lost $3 million.”
52 Unemployment The unemployment rate in the US 1910–1960, with the years of the Great Depression (1929–1939) highlighted
53 Domestic Programs: Too Little, Too LateBy 1931, Hoover was convinced that some government action was needed to pull the U.S. economy out of the depression He therefore supported and signed into law programs that offered assistance to indebted farmers and struggling businesses Federal Farm Board: the board was authorized to help farmers by holding surplus grain and cotton in storage (stabilize prices) Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC): established to prop up faltering railroads, banks, life insurance companies, and other financial institutions (“trickle down” loans) Hoover appointed Atlee Pomerene of Ohio to head the RFC in July Hoover's reasons for his surprising reorganization of the RFC included: the failure of banks to perform their duties or to aid American industry; the country's general lack of confidence in the current board; and Hoover's inability to find any other man who had the ability.
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55 Hooverville's Poor towns during the depression
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57 Bonus Army Group of 20,000 WWI veterans that march on Washington DC, demanding their promised bonus. General MacArthur
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61 Election of 1932 Herbert Hoover- Republican candidateFranklin D Roosevelt- Democrat candidate
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