1 THE SUBJUNCTIVE An intuitive guide into the realm of the hopefully-not-so- much unknown… Presented by: Andy Carluccio, JD Smeallie, and Jackson Mote TB Sections 3.3-5.1

2 WHAT IS THE SUBJUNCTIVE? The subjunctive is a tense that is used in the following situations W - Wishes E - Emotions I - Impersonal Expressions R - Recommendations D - Doubt O - Ojalá It refers to a person, place, thing, or idea that either does not exist or whose existence is uncertain or indefinite.

3 HOW DO WE FORM THE SUBJUNCTIVE? Independent ClausequeDependent Clause Uses the indicative for verb conjugation and describes one of the WEIRDO scenarios Connects the clauses Uses the subjunctive for verb conjugation

4 3.3 PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE OF REGULAR VERBS -Ar Verbs-Er Verbs-Ir Verbs Yo-e-a Tú-es-as Ud./él/ella-e-a Nosotros-emos-amos ---- Uds./ellos/ellas-en-an How to form the Subjunctive: 1) Take the “yo” form of a verb 2) Replace the “o” with one of these endings based on its verb ending

5 PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE IRREGULAR VERBS InfinitivePresent Yo Form of The Subjunctive ConducirConduzca ConocerConozca DecirDiga HacerHaga OfrecerOfrezca OírOiga ParecerParezca PonerPonga TenerTenga TraducirTraduzca TraerTraiga VenirVenga VerVea

6 PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE IRREGULAR VERBS CONTINUED DarEstarIrSaberSer YoDéEstéVayaSepaSea TúDesEstésVayasSepasSeas Ud./él/e lla DéEstéVayaSepaSea NosotrosDemosEstemosVayamo s Sepamo s Seamos Uds./ello s/ellas DenEsténVayanSepanSean

7 MORE IRREGULARS Car, Gar, Zar Verbs: Sacar: Sa qu e, Sa qu e, Sa qu emos, Sa qu en Jugar: Jue gu e, jue gu es, ju gu emos, Jue gu e Almorzar: almuer c e, almuer c es, almuer c e, almor c emos, almuer c en

8 PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE OF STEM-CHANGING VERBS -Er and –Ar Verbs have the same stem changes in the subjunctive as they do in the present indicative For example Pensar (e:ie) would be… P ie nse, p ie nses, p ie nse, pensemos, p ie nsen For –Ir stem changing verbs they have the same stem changes as they do in the present indicative, but the nosotros form has a stem change… For example Pedir (e:i) would be… p i da, p i das, p i da, p i damos, p i dan

9 3.4- SUBJUNCTIVE WITH VERBS OF WILL AND INFLUENCE Verbs of will and influence are used when someone wants to affect the actions or behavior of other people. Sentence structure: Verb of WillConnectorSubjunctive Mi mamá prefiere que yo saque la basura.

10 3.4 CONTINUED Verbs of will and influence Aconsejarto advise Desearto wish; to desire Importarto be important; to matter Insistir (en)to insist (on) Mandarto order Necesitarto need Pedir (e:i)to ask (for) Preferir (e:ie)to prefer Prohibirto prohibit Querer (e:ie)to want Recomendar (e:ie)to recommend Rogar (o:ue)to beg; to plead Sugerir (e:ie)to suggest

11 3.4 EXAMPLES 1) Enrique quiere que salgamos a cenar. Enrique wants us to go out to dinner. 2) Maite prefiere que cenemos en casa. Maite prefers that we have dinner at home.

12 PRACTICE PROBLEMS 1.Te sugiero que ______(ir) con ella al supermercado. 2.No queremos que ella _______(hacer) nada especial para nosotros 3.Mi madre quiere que yo _______(limpiar) mi cuarto 4.Recomiendo que ustedes ________(pasar) la aspiradora 5.Mi amigo necesita que yo le _________ (prestar) dinero

13 4.1 – THE SUBJUNCTIVE WITH VERBS OF EMOTION The Subjunctive is used when you describe your feelings about something Principle Clause will contain something about how you feel Conjugated “ normally ” que Dependent Clause will contain the verb that will be conjugated in the subjunctive Common Verbs for Expressions of Emotion Alegrarse, Esperar, Gustar, Molestar, Sentir, Sproender, Temer Tener miedo (de), Es extraño, Es una lástima, Es redículo Es terrible, Es triste, Ojalá

14 4.1 EXAMPLES Me molesta que la gente no recicle el plástico. It bothers me that people don’t recycle plastic. Es triste que no tenga Sr. Christmann en el próximo año. It is sad that I don’t have Sr. Christmann next year. Ojalá que Sr. Christmann nos dé una A+. I hope that Sr. Christmann gives us an A+.

15 4.1 PRACTICE Ojalá que ellos ____________(descubrir) nuevas formas de energía. Me alegro de que mis amigos ________ (querer) conservar la naturaleza. Espero que tú _________(venir) a la reunión del Club de Ecología. descubran quieran vengas

16 4.2 – THE SUBJUNCTIVE WITH DOUBT, DISBELIEF, AND DENIAL The Subjunctive is used in the dependent clause of a sentence with a principle clause containing doubt, disbelief, and denial. Principle Clause will contain something expressing doubt Conjugated “ normally ” que Dependent Clause will contain the verb that will be conjugated in the subjunctive Doubt Expressions Dudar, Negar, No creer, No estar seguro (de), No es cierto, No es seguro, No es verdad, Es imposible, Es improbable, (no) Es posible, (no) Es probable

17 4.2 CONTINUED When an expression that has a principle clause expressing certainty, the dependent clause will use the indicative. Certainty Expressions No dudar No cabe duda de No hay duda de No negar Creer Estar seguro Es cierto Es seguro Es verdad Es obvio

18 4.2 EXAMPLES Es imposible que nuestro clase falle el exámen final. It is impossible that our class will fail the final exam. Dudo que el gobierno resuelva el problema. I doubt that the government will solve the problem. Es verdad que Washington es una ciudad sucia. It is true that Washington is a dirty city.

19 4.2 PRACTICE Subjuntivo o indicativo??? 1. Dudo que ellos __________ (trabajar). 2. Es cierto que él ___________ (comer) mucho. 3. Es imposible que ellos _________ (salir). trabajen come salgan

20 4.3- THE SUBJUNCTIVE WITH CONJUNCTIONS Conjunctions are words or phrases that connect other words and clauses in sentences. Certain conjunctions commonly introduce adverbial clauses, which describe how, why, when, and where an action takes place. Main clause Conjunction Adverbial clause Vamos a visitar a Carlos antes de que regrese a California We are going to visit Carlos before he returns to California

21 4.3 CONTINUED Conjunctions that require the subjunctive a menos queunless antes de quebefore con tal de queprovided that en caso de quein case (that) para queso that sin quewithout Conjunctions used with subjunctive or indicative cuandowhen despues de queafter en cuantoas soon as hasta que until tan pronto comoas soon as

22 4.3 EXAMPLES 1) Voy a dejar un recado en caso de que Gustavo me llame. I’m going to leave a message in case Gustavo calls me. 2) Voy al supermercado para que tengas algo de comer. I’m going to the store so that you’ll have something to eat.

23 PRACTICE PROBLEMS 1.Voy a estudiar ecologia cuando ________(ir) a la universidad. 2.No podemos evitar la lluvia acida a menos que todos ______ (trabajar) juntos. 3.Siempre recogemos mucha basura cuando ________(ir) al parque. 4.El gobierno debe crear mas parques nacionales antes de que los bosques y rios _______(estar) completamente contaminados. 5.La gente recicla con tal de que no _______(ser) dificil.

24 5.1 THE SUBJUNCTIVE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES The Subjunctive is a tense that refers to a person, place, thing, or idea that either does not exist or whose existence is uncertain or indefinite.

25 WHEN TO USE THE INDICATIVE When The adjective clause refers to a person. Place, thing, or idea that is clearly known, certain, or definite, the indicative is used Examples: Quiero ir al supermercado que vende productos venezolanos I want to go to the supermarket that sells venezuelan products Busco al profesor que enseña japonés Im looking for the professor who teaches Japanese

26 WHEN TO USE THE SUBJUNCTIVE The subjunctive is commonly used in questions with adjective clauses when the speaker is trying to find out information about which he or she is uncertain Example: Hay un parque que esté cerca de nuestro hotel? Is there a park that’s near our hotel? Si, hay un parque que está muy cerca del hotel yes, there’s a park that’s very near the hotel

27 WORDS THAT ARE COMMONLY USED WITH THE SUBJUNCTIVE Buscar Haber No Encontrar Conocer Haber Necesitar Querer

28 PRACTICE PROBLEMS Dudamos que tú___________(saber) esgirmir, Mentirosa! No dudo que tú ________(ser) Diferentes pero no menos difciles.