1 Theory of International Relations: Marxism and ConstructivismIn-young Hwang Jeong-won Yoon September 27, 2010

2 Contents – Marxism & ConstructivismMarxism-the essential elements How the theory is related to our world World system theory Gramscianism Constructivism Examples Discussion question

3 Marxism

4 Marxism Realism Liberalism MarxismWhy Marxism has the continuing relevance analyses of international relations portray politics- newspaper, magazine Realism international relations Liberalism Something deeper, and hidden truth Marxism

5 Materialistic conception of historyMarxism totality Materialistic conception of history class The essential elements of Marxist theories in world politics

6 The essential elementsMaterialistic conception of history Economic development is the motor of history

7 How the theory is related to the worldWorld inequality Education: important process for economic development. The percentage of educated people Developed countries: most people Developing countries: 71% Undeveloped countries: 51% Vicious circle of exploitation and poverty Inequality in world trade Child labor

8 Wallerstein’s World-system theoryCore: Democratic governments, high wages, high investment, high GDP Semi-periphery: Authoritarian governments, low wages, low welfare services Periphery: non-democratic governments, below subsistence wages, no welfare services.

9 Antonio Gramsci: an Italian MarxistGranscianism Antonio Gramsci: an Italian Marxist Why had it proven to be so difficult to promote revolution in Western Europe? Hegemony- his conceptualization of power Example) the media, the education system, churches, etc. important implications Historic bloc: Marxist theory needs to take superstructural phenomena more seriously Counter-hegemony

10 Constructivism

11 Territory Population Economic powerConstructivism -① Territory Population Economic power Culture Custom, Idea Positivism Constructivism

12 Constructivism -② Institution The concept of Self-helpInterests Identities The concept of Self-help Three different Security systems by Wendt Competitive Individualistic Cooperative

13 Example 1-Nuclear WeaponKorea Alliance Relationship Armistice Country There is a different significance

14 Example 2 -NATO Expansion of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

15 Discussion Questions Do you agree with Marxist theory which argues that the social gap between rich countries and poor countries are getting larger? Do you think “anarchy is what states make of it?”as Wendt argued? Of all 4 theories (liberalism, realism, marxism, constructivism) we have studied, which one(or more) theory do you think can explain the best about the contemporary society?

16 Bibliography International Relations of East AsiaAnthony Giddens. 『 Sociology 』. 서울: 을유문화사, 2009 한국산업사회학회 .『 Sociology 』. 서울:한울아카데미,2004 유현석. 『국제정세의 이해』. 서울: 한울아카데미, 2006 이무성 외 4 명저. 국제정치의 신패러다임 : 높이깊이 박재영. 국제정치 패러다임 : 법문사

17 Thank you 