1 Transportation, Transshipment, and Assignment Problems Chapter 6

2 Chapter Topics The Transportation ModelComputer Solution of a Transportation Problem The Transshipment Model Computer Solution of a Transshipment Problem The Assignment Model Computer Solution of an Assignment Problem Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

3 Overview Part of a class of LP problems known as network flow models.Special mathematical features that permit very efficient, unique solution methods (variations of traditional simplex procedure). Detailed description of methods is contained on the companion website Text focuses on model formulation and solution with Excel and QM for windows. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

4 The Transportation Model: CharacteristicsA product is transported from a number of sources to a number of destinations at the minimum possible cost. Each source is able to supply a fixed number of units of the product, and each destination has a fixed demand for the product. The linear programming model has constraints for supply at each source and demand at each destination. All constraints are equalities in a balanced transportation model where supply equals demand. Constraints contain inequalities in unbalanced models where supply does not equal demand. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

5 Transportation Model Example Problem Definition and DataHow many tons of wheat to transport from each grain elevator to each mill on a monthly basis in order to minimize the total cost of transportation? Grain Elevator Supply Mill Demand 1. Kansas City 150 A. Chicago 220 2. Omaha B. St. Louis 100 3. Des Moines C. Cincinnati 300 Total tons Total tons Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

6 Transportation Model Example Transportation Network RoutesFigure Network of Transportation Routes for Wheat Shipments Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

7 Transportation Model Example Model FormulationMinimize Z = $6x1A + 8x1B + 10x1C + 7x2A + 11x2B + 11x2C x3A + 5x3B + 12x3C subject to: x1A + x1B + x1C = 150 x2A + x2B + x2C = 175 x3A + x3B + x3C = 275 x1A + x2A + x3A = 200 x1B + x2B + x3B = 100 x1C + x2C + x3C = 300 xij  0 xij = tons of wheat from each grain elevator, i, i = 1, 2, 3, to each mill j, j = A,B,C Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

8 Transportation Model Example Computer Solution with Excel (1 of 4)Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

9 Transportation Model Example Computer Solution with Excel (2 of 4)Exhibit 6.2 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

10 Transportation Model Example Computer Solution with Excel (3 of 4)Exhibit 6.3 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

11 Transportation Model Example Computer Solution with Excel (4 of 4)Figure Transportation Network Solution Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

12 Transportation Model Example Computer Solution with Excel QM (1 of 3)Exhibit 6.4 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

13 Transportation Model Example Computer Solution with Excel QM (2 of 3)Exhibit 6.5 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

14 Transportation Model Example Computer Solution with Excel QM (3 of 3)Exhibit 6.6 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

15 Transportation Model Example Computer Solution with QM for Windows (1 of 3) Exhibit 6.7 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

16 Transportation Model Example Computer Solution with QM for Windows (2 of 3) Exhibit 6.8 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

17 Transportation Model Example Computer Solution with QM for Windows (3 of 3) Exhibit 6.9 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

18 The Transshipment Model CharacteristicsExtension of the transportation model. Intermediate transshipment points are added between the sources and destinations. Items may be transported from: Sources through transshipment points to destinations One source to another One transshipment point to another One destination to another Directly from sources to destinations Some combination of these S1 S2 D1 T1 T2 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

19 Transshipment Model Example Problem Definition and DataExtension of the transportation model in which intermediate transshipment points are added between sources and destinations. Shipping Costs 1. Nebraska 2. Colorado Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

20 Figure 6.3 Network of Transshipment RoutesTransshipment Model Example Transshipment Network Routes Figure Network of Transshipment Routes Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

21 Transshipment Model Example Model FormulationMinimize Z = $16x x x x x24 + 17x25 + 6x36 + 8x x38 + 7x x47 + 11x48 + 4x56 + 5x x58 subject to: x13 + x14 + x15 = 300 x23 + x24 + x25 = 300 x36 + x46 + x56 = 200 x37 + x47 + x57 = 100 x38 + x48 + x58 = 300 x13 + x23 - x36 - x37 - x38 = 0 x14 + x24 - x46 - x47 - x48 = 0 x15 + x25 - x56 - x57 - x58 = 0 xij  0 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

22 Transshipment Model Example Computer Solution with Excel (1 of 3)Exhibit 6.10 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

23 Transshipment Model Example Computer Solution with Excel (2 of 3)Exhibit 6.11 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

24 Transshipment Model Example Network Solution for Wheat Shipping (3 of 3) Figure 6.4 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

25 The Assignment Model CharacteristicsSpecial form of linear programming model similar to the transportation model. Supply at each source and demand at each destination limited to one unit. In a balanced model supply equals demand. In an unbalanced model supply does not equal demand. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

26 Assignment Model Example Problem Definition and DataProblem: Assign four teams of officials to four games in a way that will minimize total distance traveled by the officials. Supply is always one team of officials, demand is for only one team of officials at each game. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

27 Assignment Model Example Model FormulationMinimize Z = 210xAR + 90xAA + 180xAD + 160xAC + 100xBR +70xBA + 130xBD + 200xBC + 175xCR + 105xCA +140xCD + 170xCC + 80xDR + 65xDA + 105xDD + 120xDC subject to: xAR + xAA + xAD + xAC = 1 xij  0 xBR + xBA + xBD + xBC = 1 xCR + xCA + xCD + xCC = 1 xDR + xDA + xDD + xDC = 1 xAR + xBR + xCR + xDR = 1 xAA + xBA + xCA + xDA = 1 xAD + xBD + xCD + xDD = 1 xAC + xBC + xCC + xDC = 1 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

28 Assignment Model Example Computer Solution with Excel (1 of 3)Exhibit 6.12 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

29 Assignment Model Example Computer Solution with Excel (2 of 3)Exhibit 6.13 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

30 Assignment Model Example Computer Solution with Excel (3 of 3)Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Exhibit 6.14

31 Assignment Model Example Assignment Network SolutionFigure 6.5 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

32 Assignment Model Example Computer Solution with Excel QMCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Exhibit 6.15

33 Assignment Model Example Computer Solution with QM for Windows (1 of 2) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Exhibit 6.16

34 Assignment Model Example Computer Solution with QM for Windows (2 of 2) Exhibit 6.17 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

35 Example Problem Solution Transportation Problem StatementDetermine the linear programming model formulation and solve using Excel: Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

36 Example Problem Solution Model FormulationMinimize Z = $8x1A + 5x1B + 6x1C + 15x2A + 10x2B + 12x2C +3x3A + 9x3B + 10x3C subject to: x1A + x1B + x1C = 120 x2A + x2B + x2C = 80 x3A + x3B + x3C = 80 x1A + x2A + x3A  150 x1B + x2B + x3B  70 x1C + x2C + x3C  100 xij  0 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

37 Example Problem Solution Computer Solution with ExcelCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

38 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall