1 Understanding Human Behaviour.This unit covers the following sections: Factors influencing human development. Theories of human development. Application of theories to aid the understanding of human behaviour of individuals in care setting. So it’s time to get organised!
2 Test: How you will be assessed: External test 1HR 30 MINS.Total marks 100 Questions may involve use of illustrations, photographs, data, and case studies or scenarios. All questions need to be answered.
3 Let’s get started…. Why are we all so different?In your groups I want you to write down some of the causes of our differences…. You have 3 mins.
4 How’d you do?
5 Brief introduction: Each person in this class in unique. There is no one in the past, alive now or in the future who will have exactly the same biology, life experiences, environment or thought as you. So what is the factors that result in the unique nature of each person?
6 Factors which can affect your development.Socio-economic conditions Cultural conditions Environmental conditions Health Work Housing Agriculture Social and community networks Education Living and working conditions Lifestyle factors Unemployment Age Sex Constitutional Factors
7 Factors influencing human development:Inherited influences Factors which are inherited or passed on from our parents. Socio-economic influences Factors relating to the social (who you interact with) and economic world you live in. Environmental influences Factors in our surroundings which may affect our development. E.g. living in a city or the countryside Psychological influences Factors in our mental self which may affect out development. E.g. age, gender, hormones, neurological factors.
8 Inherited influences Your Task:- But these in order of sizeCell Protein Gene Nucleus Chromosome DNA Extension: Can you explain how they are linked?
9 Inherited influences Each living cell in the human body has a nucleus containing 23 pairs of chromosomes. In each pair of chromosomes; one comes from the father, one comes from the mother. Each chromosome carries units of inheritance known as genes and the genes on each chromosome interact to create a new set of ‘instructions’ to make a new human being. Although half come from your father and the half come from your mother, your genetic pattern can be different from your parents.
10 Gene-ius! Gene: Units that contain the information and instructions that control the development of living organisms. Genes influence individual difference such as gender, hair and eye colour, height and skin colour.
11 Genetic pattern An individual person results from the interaction of their genetic pattern and their environment. It has become fashionable in the media to talk about ‘genes’ in relation to criminal behaviour, intelligence and certain illnesses.
12 Genetic influences: Some medical conditions such as Tourettes syndrome do ‘run in families’. Although we are not sure how the syndrome is inherited. Autism is another condition that may be influenced by genetics. Although this time it is not necessarily inherited from a mother or father.
13 Autism This is a spectrum disorder… which has a range of symptoms and behaviours associated with it.
14 Autism Autism is a disorder which disrupts the development of social and communication skills. The three main areas of difficulty which all people with autism share are sometimes known as the 'triad of impairments'. They are: difficulty with social communication difficulty with social interaction difficulty with social imagination. It is a life-long disability that usually appears in the first 3yrs. It is best described as a neurological dysfunction.
15 “People with autism have said that the world, to them, is a mass of people, places and events which they struggle to make sense of, and which can cause them considerable anxiety. In particular, understanding and relating to other people, and taking part in everyday family and social life may be harder for them. Other people appear to know, intuitively, how to communicate and interact with each other, and some people with autism may wonder why they are 'different'.”
16 The disorder is more common among boys and knows no racical or social boundaries.Some people believe it is linked to the MMR vaccination. However this has not been proved and the latest research is closer to disproving it. Some children who have the disorder are only affected mildly whereas others are affected more severely.
17 Areas affected by having Autism:Difficulty with social communication "For people with autistic spectrum disorders, 'body language' can appear just as foreign as if people were speaking ancient Greek." People with autism have difficulties with both verbal and non-verbal language. Many have a very literal understanding of language, and think people always mean exactly what they say. They can find it difficult to use or understand: facial expressions or tone of voice jokes and sarcasm common phrases and sayings; an example might be the phrase 'It's cool', which people often say when they think that something is good, but strictly speaking, means that it's a bit cold.
18 Difficulty with social interaction "Socialising doesn't come naturally - we have to learn it." People with autism often have difficulty recognising or understanding other people's emotions and feelings, and expressing their own, which can make it more difficult for them to fit in socially. They may: not understand the unwritten social rules which most of us pick up without thinking: they may stand too close to another person for example, or start an inappropriate subject of conversation appear to be insensitive because they have not recognised how someone else is feeling prefer to spend time alone rather than seeking out the company of other people not seek comfort from other people appear to behave 'strangely' or inappropriately, as it is not always easy for them to express feelings, emotions or needs
19 Difficulty with social imagination "We have trouble working out what other people know. We have more difficulty guessing what other people are thinking." Social imagination allows us to understand and predict other people's behaviour, make sense of abstract ideas, and to imagine situations outside our immediate daily routine. Difficulties with social imagination mean that people with autism find it hard to: understand and interpret other people's thoughts, feelings and actions predict what will happen next, or what could happen next understand the concept of danger, for example that running on to a busy road poses a threat to them engage in imaginative play and activities: children with autism may enjoy some imaginative play but prefer to act out the same scenes each time prepare for change and plan for the future cope in new or unfamiliar situations.
20 Behaviour: an autistic child may also display some other unusual behaviour:Anger if routine is changed. They may hurt themselves when they are angry by banging their head to get attention. They may laugh or giggle at things when not appropriate. They may avoid eye contact. They may have no fear of danger. Imaginative play is limited.
21 Help is available: Treatment for an autistic child will involve both physical and neurological examination. It may include specific diagnostic test such as: Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revise (ADI-R) Gilliam Autism Rating Scale Childhood Autism Rating Scale. (CARS) Development of communication and language skills is an important aspect of treatment. Designing a individualised programme is also essential and will involve a multi-disciplinary team.
22 PPQ to start Identify one genetically inherited condition. Explain ways in which an individual’s intellectual and physical development could be affect by this condition. 8 Marks
23 Identify one genetically inherited conditionIdentify one genetically inherited condition. Explain ways in which an individual’s intellectual and physical development could be affect by this condition. Define which aspects of human behaviour can be inherited and how? We have 46 chromosomes, 23 pairs, one of each set of chromosome come from each of our parents. Therefore our characteristics are determined by the genes we inherit from our parents and home the interact. However environment also influences your development (family, housing, socio-economic factors, education) This is the nature Vs nurture debate.
24 Identify one genetically inherited conditionIdentify one genetically inherited condition. Explain ways in which an individual’s intellectual and physical development could be affect by this condition. This is the nature Vs nurture debate. Identify the inherited condition (Autism) Physically it may effect you development in a number of ways. Eating habits, kids with autism often will have obsessions with colour, shapes or smells. Therefore this may effect the foods they will eat. As their condition makes it difficult for them to communicate with others it is often difficult to break these habits and rituals. This may make it difficult for carers to ensure they are eating a balanced diet. Therefore this can lead to further health problems.
25 Identify one genetically inherited conditionIdentify one genetically inherited condition. Explain ways in which an individual’s intellectual and physical development could be affect by this condition. Intellectually many autistic children are gifted in specific areas. E.g. a student at our school with autism is studying only GCSE music and drama. He is extremely gifted in these areas. However his our academic subjects math, English and science do not appeal to him in the same way. This is affecting his intellectual development as he will restrict his own progression. Emotionally (frustrated, anxious, fear, empathic, disempowerment, unaware of reliance on others) Social (communication, imagination, interaction are typical problems linked with autism) Remember to PEEL Make you point Explain your point Support it with examples and evidence Link it back to the question/ condition
26 Identify one genetically inherited conditionIdentify one genetically inherited condition. Explain ways in which an individual’s intellectual and physical development could be affect by this condition. This is the nature Vs nurture debate. Identify the inherited condition (Autism) Physically it may effect you development in a number of ways. Eating habits, kids with autism often will have obsessions with colour, shapes or smells. Therefore this may effect the foods they will eat. As their condition makes it difficult for them to communicate with others it is often difficult to break these habits and rituals. This may make it difficult for carers to ensure they are eating a balanced diet. Therefore this can lead to further health problems.
27 Tourettes syndrome This is a rare disorder that starts in childhood with repetitive grimaces and tics usually of the head and neck and sometimes arms and legs. Other common early symptoms involuntary throat clearing or sniffing. It is accompanied by involuntary barks, grunts and other noises which may occur as the disease progresses. In some cases those who have the disease experience ‘coprolalia’ which means using foul language or swearing. This is uncontrollable and can be embarrassing for those with the condition.
28 What causes it? The precise cause of the symptoms hasn't been identified. Experts believe the metabolism of the brain chemical dopamine, and possibly other brain chemicals, is responsible. Who's affected? Tourette's syndrome may be inherited, or may suddenly appear. In its inherited form, a child of a person with Tourette's syndrome has a one in two chance of inheriting the gene. If they do inherit it they may experience the same symptoms as their parent, a different combination of symptoms or no symptoms at all. The syndrome is more common in males and is life-long.
29 PIES of Tourettes
30 GIMME 5 Give me 5 key points you remember about inherited influences.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
31 H/W Due Next lesson Discuss how genetic conditions/ traits can influence human development marks
32 Discuss how genetic conditions/ traits can influence human developmentDiscuss how genetic conditions/ traits can influence human development marks
33 Socio-economic influences:Family: Children are strongly influenced by the people who care for them. As children grow up they will usually learn a wide range of norms about what is normal behaviour. Children become socialised. Giddens (1997) explains that socialisation ‘is the process whereby the helpless infant gradually becomes self-aware, knowledgeable person, skilled in the ways of the culture into which he or she is born”.
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35 Family type: Family type: Description: Nuclear familyParents and their children live together and parents support children Extended family Parents, children and grandparents and/or relatives live together and support each other. Lone parent A lone or single parent lives with and supports children Reconstituted families A parent and step-parent who is not the biological mother or father of the children live with and support children.