1 UNIDAD 3: LA NARRACIÓN Y LA DESCRIPCIÓN EN EL PRESENTE

2  Los Usos: 1.Express a timeline or habitual action in the present 1.Los gatos son animales muy independientes. 1.Cats are very independent animals. 2.Describe events that led up to the present 1.Esteban corre en el parque. 1.Esteban runs in the park 3.Express planned events and actions in the future 1.Mañana visito a Teresa. 1.Tomorrow I’ll visit Teresa. LOS USOS DEL PRESENTE

3 4.Describe actions and situations that have been going on for a certain period of time in following constructions: 1.Hace + length of time + que + verb in the present 2.Verb in the present + (desde) hace + length of time 1.Hace tres días que sirven tacos en la cafetería. 2.Sirven tacos en la cafetería (desde) hace tres días. 1.They have been serving tacos in the cafeteria for three days. 4.To ask a question use the following constructions: 1.Cuánto (tiempo) hace que + verb in the present 2.Desde hace cuánto tiempo + length of time 1.Cuánto (tiempo) hace que montas a caballo? 2.Desde hace cuánto tiempo montas a caballo? 1.How long have you been riding horses? USOS CONT.

4 5.Describe actions and situations that have been going on since a specific point in time 1.Verb in the present + desde + point in time 1.Estudio matemáticas desde esta mañana. 6.To ask a question use the following construction: 1.Desde cuándo + verb in the present? 1.Desde cuándo vas a la escuela en bicicleta? 1.Since when have you been going to school by bike? USOS CONT.

5 -AR verbs: -o -as -a -amos -an -ER/IR verbs: -o -es -e -emos/imos -en EL PRESENTE

6  Caber  Caer  Dar  Hacer  Poner  Saber  Salir  Traer  Valer  Ver  Quepo  Caigo  Doy  Hago  Pongo  Sé  Salgo  Traigo  Valgo  veo IRREGULARES EN LA FORMA DE YO

7  Hacer  Deshacer (to undo), satisfacer (to satisfy)  Poner  Componer (to compose), descomponer (to break), disponer (to dispose), exponer (to expose), imponer (to impose), proponer (to propose), suponer (to suppose)  Traer  Atraer (to attract), contraer (to contract), distraer (to distract) VERBOS SIMILARES

8  Decir: digo, dices, dice, decimos, dicen  Estar: estoy, estás, está, estamos, están  Ir: voy, va, vas, va, vamos, van  Oír: oigo, oyes, oye, oímos, oyen  Ser: soy, eres, es, somos, son  Tener: tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tienen  Venir: vengo, vienes, viene, venimos, vienen IRREGULARES

9  Origin of someone or something  Esa alfombra es del Ecuador.  That rug is from Ecuador.  Identify  Es el tío de Ricardo.  He is Ricardo’s uncle.  Inherent qualities and characteristics such as personality, nationality, religion, physical appearance  Kenneth es irlandés y católico.  Kenneth is Irish and Catholic.  Specific part of the body: tener + part of body + adj. USOS DE SER

10  Moral or mental characteristics such as culpable, conciente, desgraciado, feliz, inocente, pobre  Esas parejas son muy desgraciadas.  Professions & occupations (article not used unless modified)  La Sra. Menéndez es abogada.  Mrs. Menéndez is a lawyer.  Dates  Hoy es martes.  Today is Tuesday.  Time  Son las dos y media.  It is two thirty. USOS CONT.

11  Material from which something is made  Ese anillo es de oro.  That ring is made of gold.  Possesion  Los bolígrafos son de la profesora.  The pens are the professor’s.  Impersonal idea  Es necesario completar los ejercicios.  It is necessary to complete the exercises. USOS CONT.

12  Idea of “to be held”, “to happen”, “to take place”  Las clases son en el edificio nuevo.  The classes are in the new building.  Passive voice: Ser + past participle + por  Esa escultura fue hecha por Picasso.  That sculpture was made by Picasso. USOS CONT.

13  1. Location (temporary or permanent)  Las cajas están debajo de la mesa.  The boxes are under the table  2. Mood, physical condition, or other noncharacteristic features  Estoy deprimido desde que Antonio se fue.  I am depressed since Antonio left.  3. A condtion which is a result of a previous action  (Camilo se sentó.) Él está sentado en el pasillo.  (Camilo sat down.) He is seated in the hall.  4. An action that is in progress in construction  Estar + present participle (gerund)  Yo estoy escribiendo en mi cuaderno.  I am writing in my notebook. USOS DE ESTAR

14  Some adjectives change meaning depending on if they are used with ser or estar. ADJETIVOS CON SER Y ESTAR AdjectiveSerEstar AburridoBoringBored AtentoCourteousAttentive BuenoGoodTasty ListoCleverReady MaloBadIll RicoRichDelicious SeguroSafeCertain

15  -ar  Ex: pensar pienso pensamos piensas pensáis piensa piensan  Otros: cerrar, comenzar, confesar, despertarse, empezar, nevar, sentarse  -er  Ex: querer quiero queremos quieres queréis quiere quieren  Otros: entender, perder STEM CHANGING VERBS * CHANGE IN EVERY PERSON BUT NOS./VOS.*

16  Almorzar  almuerzo almorzamos  almuerzas almorzáis  almuerza almuerzan  Otros:  Costar, demostrar encontrar, jugar, recordar, mostrar  Volver  vuelvo volvemos  vuelves volvéis  vuelve vuelven  Otros:  Llover, oler, poder, resolver STEM CHANGING VERBS

17 Ex: preferir (to prefer) Prefiero preferimos Prefieres preferís Prefiere perfieren Otros: advertir, convertir, divertirse, hervir, mentir, sentir, sentirse STEM CHANGERS ENDING IN –IR E TO IE

18  Ex: dormir Duermo dormimos Duermes dormís Duerme duermen Otros: dormirse, morir STEM CHANGERS ENDING IN –IR O TO UE

19  Servir:  Sirvo servimos  Sirves servís  Sirve sirven  Otros: despedir, despedirse, impedir, medir, pedir, reír(se), repetir, sonreír(se), vestir(se). STEM CHANGERS ENDING IN –IR E TO I

20  Reflexive is conjugated with reflexive pronouns  Indicates the action is being used on ones self  Me corto las uñas a menudo.  Juan se acostó temprano. REFLEXIVO

21  Used to express mutual or reciprocal action, to indicate that the subjects are preforming the action to or for one another by using the plural reflexive: OTHER USES OF THE REFLEXIVE CONSTRUCTION (PAGE 110) Nosotros nos encontramos en el parque todos los días Se abrazan cuando se ven. We meet (each other) in the park every day. They hug when they see each other.

22  The reflexive constructive is also used with:  Hacerse, ponerse, and volverse  Expresses the equivalent of the English “to become.” 1. Conscious effort: hacerse+noun Julio se hizo médico. 2. No conscious effort (emotional): Yo me puse muy nervioso cuando el director entró. 3. Involuntary, sudden, violent: volverse+adjective Mis amigas se volvieron locas cuando lo supieron. 1. Julio became a doctor. (through effort) 2. I became very nervous when the principal entered. (involuntary emotional change) 3. My friends became crazy when they found out. (sudden/ violent change)

23 Used… 2. With 3 rd person singular to form impersonal statements Used… 1. 3 rd person singular/plural to form impersonal passive OTHER USES OF THE REFLEXIVE PRONOUN SE Se prohibe fumar en el metro. Se vive bien en el campo. Smoking is prohibited in the subway. (One, they, people, etc.) live well in the country

24 Conjugation: me, te, se, nos, se). REFLEXIVE VERBS Bañarse Me baño Te bañas Se baña Nos bañamos Se bañan Ponerse Me pongo Te pones Se pone Nos ponemos Se ponen Dormirse Me duermo Te duermes Se duerme Nos dormimos Se duermen

25 1. Precede the conjugated verb LOCATION OF REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS Ellos se acuestan a las diez. They go to bed at 10. 2. Follow & are attached to affirmative commands ¡Levántate! Get up!

26 1.Con estar oJuan y yo no podemos salir porque estamos estudiando. 2.Sin un verbo auxiliar oLos padres, tratando de mantenerse tranquilos, eschucharon la descripción del accidente. USOS DEL GERUNDIO

27 3. Infinitivo se usa como sustantivo oHacer ejercicio es bueno. Infinitivo se utiliza despues de las preposiciones oDespués de oír el precio, decidieron no comprarlo 4. Al funciona coma una preposición oAl salir, vi a Dolores. USOS DEL GERUNDIO

28 **In verbs ending in –ger and –gir, change the g  j in first person singular** Ex: Proteger ProtejoProtegemos Proteges ProtegeProtegen IRREGULAR SPELLING CHANGES Ex: Exigir ExijoExigimos Exiges ExigeExigen Coger (to grab) Encoger (to shrink) Escoger (to choose) Recoger (to gather) Alfigir (to grieve) Corregir (to correct) Dirigir (to direct) Elegir (to choose) Fingir (to feign)

29 **In verbs ending in –guir, change gu  g in first person singular** Ex:Seguir SigoSeguimos Sigues SigueSiguen IRREGULAR SPELLING CHANGES Conseguir (to acquire) Distinguir (to distinguish) Extinguir (to extinguish) Perseguir (to pursue) Proseguir (to proceed)

30 **In verbs ending in vowel + –cer and vowel + –cir, add z after the vowel in first person singular** Ex: Ofrecer OfrezcoOfrecemos Ofreces OfreceOfrecen IRREGULAR SPELLING CHANGES Aborrecer (to hate) Agradecer (to thank) Aparecer (to appear) Crecer (to grow) Conocer (to know) Desparacer (to disappear) Establecer (to establish) Merecer (to deserve) Nacer (to be born) Obedecer (to obey) Parecer (to seem) Permanecer (to remain) Pertenecer (to belong) Reconocer (to recognize) Ex: Producir ProduzcoProducimos Produces ProduceProducen Conducir (to conduct) Reducir (to reduce) Traducir (to translate

31 **In verbs ending in consonant+ –cer, add z after the vowel in first person singular** Ex: Vencer VenzoVencemos Vences Vence Vencen IRREGULAR SPELLING CHANGES Convencer (to convince) Ejercer (to exert)

32  Indicates an action in progress Estar + Present Participle THE PROGRESSIVE TENSE

33  Indicates an action in progress Estar + Present Participle THE PROGRESSIVE TENSE Usually in present or imperfect tense Can be replaced by… Seguir Continuar Venir Salir Ir Andar Entrar llegar Careful! Each of these words slightly changes the meaning of the phrase

34  Indicates an action in progress Estar + Present Participle THE PROGRESSIVE TENSE Add –ando to –ar verbs Add –iendo to –er and –ir verbs

35  Están descansando ahora.  They are resting now.  Estábamos leyendo cuando se apagaron las luces.  We were reading when the lights went out.  Va aprendiendo a utilizar el brazo después del accidente.  He’s learning to use his arm after the accident. EXAMPLES

36  Attached to gerund (accented -a or -e of ending)  Before conjugated verb  Examples:  Me estoy peinando. vs. Estoy peinándome.  I am combing my hair.  Domingo nos lo está leyendo. vs. Domingo está leyéndonoslo.  Domingo is reading it to us. LOCATION OF PRONOUN