1 UNIT 7

2 lightweight wheelchairsGETTING READY Task I Listen to the audio. Fill in the charts with the suggested vocabulary words. rattling cricket balls excluded from pedal handcycles run and sprint impossible adapted lightweight wheelchairs Before Thanks to Now People who used wheelchairs were restrained from participating in sports. They can take part in adapted wheelchair sports, like basketball and hockey. lightweight wheelchairs Before Thanks to Now Handicapped people were excluded from running races. They can run and sprint in major competitions. artificial limbs Photo: Flickr / WBC / Kevin Bogetti-Smith

3 rattling cricket ballsGETTING READY rattling cricket balls excluded from pedal handcycles run and sprint impossible adapted lightweight wheelchairs Before Thanks to Now Those who are crippled by accidents were unable to cycle. They can pedal with their hands rather than their feet. handcycles Before Thanks to Now Cricket was impossible for the blind. They can hear the noisy cricket ball. rattling cricket balls Photo: Flickr / Official U.S. Navy Imagery

4 GETTING READY Audio Transcripts: Technology has opened doors for people who used to be excluded from the athletic elite: disabled athletes. I was a basketball player before I got into a car accident that left me in a wheelchair. Fortunately, there are wheelchair sports, like basketball and hockey. Modern wheelchairs made from lightweight materials are more flexible and offer greater stability than before. My personal hero is Marlon Shirley, who ran a 100-meter sprint in seconds despite having only one leg. Shirley was injured in a lawn mower accident, but with the help of an artificial leg, he is able to race his able-bodied peers.

5 GETTING READY Audio Transcripts: Cancer claimed McKayla Hanson’s leg, but that doesn’t prevent her from cycling. How? She uses a handcycle—she pedals with her hands rather than her feet. If it weren’t for creativity, blind cricket wouldn’t exist either. The major adaptation to the game is the ball, which rattles as it rolls. This allows players to hear it. Because of these creations, handicapped people can still be champions.

6 balance noisy forbid accomplished adjust stretch fitGETTING READY Task II Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words provided. balance noisy forbid accomplished adjust stretch fit 1. Females were excluded from the ancient Olympic Games. They were _____________ from watching or participating in the events. 2. A member of Hollywood’s elite, Meryl Streep is one of the most _______________ actresses. 3. Pregnant women wear pants with flexible elastic waists. This allows the pants to ___________. forbidden accomplished +WARM UP stretch

7 balance noisy forbid accomplished adjust stretch fitGETTING READY Task II Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words provided. balance noisy forbid accomplished adjust stretch fit 4. Shoes with wider heels provide greater stability for the wearer, which is essential for maintaining ___________ while walking. 5. All the able-bodied people prepared the city for the flood. The volunteers had to be ___________ because they were required to lift heavy objects. 6. Adaptations needed to be made to copyright laws after the rise of the Internet. They were ___________ to make pirating things online illegal. 7. Babies are fascinated by toys that rattle. These ___________ things give them the stimulation they need. balance fit adjusted +WARM UP noisy

8 CONVERSATION CORNER Open with default media player

9 CONVERSATION CORNER Open with default media player

10 KEY WORDS

11 KEY WORDS

12 REVIEW A. Understand from the Context Match the sentence with its meaning. Sentence Paraphrase ____ 1. I feel like I have butterflies in my stomach. ____ 2. You’ve got this in the bag. ____ 3. Your scores were off the charts. ____ 4. You made the cut, no problem. ____ 5. You’ve been endowed with some extraordinary gifts. ____ 6. Champion cyclists and rowers have genes that provide maximum aerobic capacity. a. You have natural abilities that enable you to be an elite athlete. b. I’m nervous about what I’ll be doing soon. c. You were good enough to be included in the competition. d. You are going to win for sure. e. You earned an amazingly high number of points. f. Some athletes are able to use oxygen more efficiently. b d e c a f

13 REVIEW B. Use the Adjectives Fill in the blanks with these adjectives: preliminary, superhuman, elite, rigorous, optimum. 1. In order to achieve ___________ productivity in the office, faster computers were installed. 2. When there is a scandal involving ___________ members of society, it’s usually headline news. 3. Those who wish to join the police force have to go through ___________ physical training. 4. Mark’s classmates complimented him on his ____________ test-taking abilities. 5. The ___________ findings suggested that the drug was not effective and needed to be modified. optimum elite rigorous superhuman preliminary

14 EXPRESSION PLAZA

15 EXPRESSION PLAZA Listen to the audio. Finish the chart with the names below and the expressions you hear. 1. When ______________ swam across the English Channel, he was recognized as _____________________ others his age. 2. ____________ blew up the most balloons with his nose. His feat is certainly _____________. 3. _____________ hasn’t cut her nails in 18 years. She shows dedication that has exceeded everyone’s ____________. 4. The fact that the ___________________ had the most dogs jumping rope at the same time completely ____________ the spectators’ ____________. Roger Allsopp head and shoulders above Andrew Dahl off the charts Chris Walton expectations Super Wan Wan Circus blew minds

16 EXPRESSION PLAZA Audio Transcripts: Brittany: Guess what I found in my dad’s office today? This edition of Guinness World Records from a few years ago. Jason: Cool. Those can be so entertaining. One year, this kid named Andrew Dahl set a record for blowing up 23 balloons in three minutes—with his nose. It blew my mind! Brittany: Gross. Jason: What are some of the achievements in this edition? Brittany: Chris Walton has the world’s longest fingernails which extend to 19 feet and 9 inches. She stopped cutting them one day, so they’ve been growing for 18 years. Jason: That’s off the charts. I wonder if she still has them today. Brittany: Listen to this. The Super Wan Wan Circus in Japan was able to coordinate the largest group of dogs skipping rope simultaneously—13! Jason: That kind of talent puts them head and shoulders above others. Brittany: And Roger Allsopp, who is 70 years old, succeeded in swimming across the English Channel, making him the oldest man to do so. That certainly exceeds expectations for someone his age.

17 EXPRESSION PLAZA

18 fired from several other jobsEXPRESSION PLAZA Revise the parts in bold based on the audio. Decide if the candidates are qualified or not. Candidate Comments Qualified? Charlotte Her courtesy will be a beneficial asset to our team. Pete They learned he had been promoted at his last job. Bob He acted professionally until he complimented Josh loudly during the interview. Aaron He presented himself well and was wearing a pair of sloppy jeans and a T-shirt. Suzie She is inexperienced but will probably improve over time. Qualified experience Disqualified fired from several other jobs Disqualified cursed Qualified a nice outfit Qualified with training

19 EXPRESSION PLAZA Audio Transcripts: Anne: OK, Josh. Anne’s Spectacular Seafood is holding its grand opening in two weeks. We need to decide whom we want to hire. What are your opinions of the people we’ve interviewed? Josh: Since Charlotte has two years of server experience, she is absolutely qualified. However, I didn’t feel comfortable around Pete. Judging from how many jobs he has been fired from, he isn’t reliable. Anne: I respect your judgment, so that’s it: he doesn’t cut the mustard. Josh: I’d like to hire Bob though. He really fits the bill, and he would definitely impress our customers. Anne: Really? He acted professionally at first, but then he cursed right in front of us. To me, he doesn’t make the grade. Josh: Oh yeah! I forgot how he fell flat on his face. Instead, let’s give Aaron a chance and see how he measures up. He was courteous and well dressed. Anne: What about Suzie? Josh: She has little practical experience, but with training, she could make the cut. Anne: Then I think that’s everyone we need.

20 GRAMMAR CHECKPOINT

21 GRAMMAR CHECKPOINT A. Circle the Answers Circle the correct usage. 1. The flyers which has / that had been handed out around town were full of errors. 2. When there is excessive rainfall, buildings which are near / that nearby the coast might experience flooding. 3. Although the tenant signed a lease that requiring / which required two months’ notice before moving, he notified his landlord just five days in advance. 4. Of all the people I / everyone that have worked with before, Rita is the only one who stays calm when facing challenges. 5. The famous chef I interviewed him / whom I interviewed for an article offered to prepare a delicious feast for me.

22 Do You Hear What I Hear? GRAMMAR CHECKPOINT B. Correct the MistakesFix the errors in the news report. Do You Hear What I Hear? The effect of loud music on teenagers’ hearing Studies indicate that youngsters have constant ear infections could encounter hearing loss after using earphones. According to researchers, children whom listen to loud music risk facing additional damage. Those listen for extended periods also endanger themselves. Furthermore, research shows an individual who hearing has been affected can have problems with balance. who / that V who / that V who whose

23 GRAMMAR CHECKPOINT B. Correct the Mistakes Fix the errors in the news report. who Dr. Graham Allison, is heading up the project, urged parents to get involved. “If you run a household which a teenager lives, you must monitor listening time.” Allison, that has worked on hearing impairment for years, plans to continue her research by studying young men that they attend rock concerts. V V in who

24 PRE-READING TASK READINGRead the title and the first paragraph. Which of the following do you think the writer will talk about? a. The rules that must be followed during the competitions b. The history of water ballet c. The number of people who participate today d. The sport’s rigorous demands e. The training process in various countries f. How traditional ballet and underwater ballet are similar g. The ways in which the sport has changed over the years

25 READING Those who wish to succeed in water ballet will need the elegance of a ballerina and the strength of a long-distance swimmer. Within its relatively short history, water ballet has captured the admiration of millions and has earned recognition as a legitimate sport.

26 READING Water ballet has attracted fans since the early 1900s. Annette Kellerman, an Australian, is often credited as the founder of this sport. As a child, she was afflicted with rickets, a disease that weakens the bones. She began swimming in order to strengthen her legs. After years of practice, she dubbed herself an “underwater ballerina” and started to perform a swimming and diving routine in a glass tank. Her act was so dazzling that she was soon convinced to take her show to America, where it had triumphant success. Photo: Flickr / KRHamm

27 Photo: Flickr / Jesus de BlasREADING Originally an individual sport, water ballet became a popular group activity after membership in water ballet clubs grew. In the 1930s, it was renamed “synchronized swimming,” which more accurately describes the perfect unison of swimmers’ dance moves. It wasn’t until the 1980s that it was included in the Olympic Games as a competitive sport. Photo: Flickr / Jesus de Blas

28 READING Today’s synchronized swimmers are more athletic than the water ballerinas of the past. Members of the Aquamaids, the toughest synchronized swimming club in America, practice eight hours a day, six days a week. Not only do they complete thousands of laps every week, they also spend numerous hours in gymnastics classes. Although it’s a formidable commitment, joining the Aquamaids is the best choice for anyone who wants to make the US Olympic team. This club has produced more than 60 percent of the swimmers that have gone to the Olympics to participate in the sport.

29 READING There are other options available for professional synchronized swimmers. One of the most famous groups in the world is the Weeki Wachee Mermaids, who put on shows in Florida. These talented swimmers have been doing amazing stunts in an underwater theater for over 60 years. Interestingly, the mermaid costumes are based on the original designs that were used by Annette Kellerman during her acts almost 100 years ago.

30 READING It’s true that synchronized swimmers make their sport look effortless, but don’t be fooled. It takes extensive training to pull off the complicated movements these real-life mermaids perform every day.

31 READING ‧ Discussion ‧ In recent years, the Weeki Wachee Mermaids have become one of the only synchronized swimming groups to accept male swimmers. Today, male synchronized swimmers are not allowed to participate in most competitions, including the Olympics. Do you think men should receive equal opportunities in synchronized swimming?

32 KEY WORDS

33 KEY WORDS

34 A. Understand from the Context REVIEW A. Understand from the Context Choose the meaning of the word or phrase in bold. 1. Some say that bowling isn’t a legitimate sport because bowlers don’t use all of their muscles. a. individual b. original c. real d. competitive 2. AIDS is a big problem in Africa. Millions of people are afflicted with the fatal disease. a. suffer from b. risk catching c. hide from d. worry about +WARM UP

35 A. Understand from the Context REVIEW A. Understand from the Context Choose the meaning of the word or phrase in bold. 3. Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt has been dubbed the “Lightning Bolt” by the media. a. called b. described c. addressed d. quoted 4. At 8,848 meters, Mount Everest presents the most formidable climb in the world. a. breathtaking b. shallow c. difficult d. essential +WARM UP

36 REVIEW B. Match Match the sentence parts. 1. Gracefulness and perseverance are ____ 2. Strengthening her poor health was ____ 3. Clubs became popular, so it was natural for ___ 4. Those who hope to make the US Olympic squad should join the Aquamaids ____ 5. The Weeki Wachee Mermaids continue to maintain ___ a. some of the essence of Annette Kellerman. b. because the group is known for producing exceptional synchronized swimmers. c. necessary for becoming a water ballerina. d. Annette Kellerman’s motivation to take up swimming. e. water ballet to evolve from a solo activity into a group sport. c d e b a

37   Spice Up Your Sentences WRITING SKILLSDull sentences make a paragraph boring. Read the tips and choose the better sentence of each pair. Tip 1: Alternate sentence length. Sentences can be combined for variety. Nick is passionate about playing basketball. He’s proud to play for his school. Nick is passionate about playing basketball and proudly represents his school. Tip 2: Vary Sentence openings. Try not to repeat words, especially the, it, or this. Because the home team’s lead was slim, their supporters were nervous. The home team’s lead was slim. The supporters were nervous.  

38   Spice Up Your Sentences WRITING SKILLSDull sentences make a paragraph boring. Read the tips and choose the better sentence of each pair. Tip 3: Use expressive language. Include more meaningful terminology. Nick’s 12 points gave the team the momentum they needed to triumph during last Saturday’s game. Nick played well during the last game. Tip 4: Avoid repetition. Use synonyms or adjust the sentence structure. There were many spectators in the stands at the game. It was the final game of the season. As it was the final game of the season, the stands were packed full of spectators.  

39 WRITING SKILLS Task Rewrite the following paragraph on a separate piece of paper. Spice up the sentences. Athletes often get bad injuries. Australian rugby athlete Ben Czislowski went to the doctor. He went because he had a headache for four months. The doctor saw another player’s tooth stuck in Ben’s forehead. This was why Ben had a headache. American speed skater J. R. Celski hurt himself. He did this by cutting his thigh with his skate blade. Baseball is bad too. Most pitchers throw a ball at 70 to 80 miles per hour. The ball can cause severe damage to a batter if it hits him or her. Mike Piazza played for the New York Mets. Mike was hit in the head with a ball. The ball was going so fast that it shattered his helmet. Everyone should be careful when they play sports.

40 WRITING SKILLS Revision Professional athletes often suffer serious injuries. Australian rugby player Ben Czislowski visited the doctor after enduring a headache for four months. Upon inspection, the doctor discovered another player’s tooth lodged inside Ben’s forehead. American speed skater J. R. Celski incurred a horrible injury when he cut his thigh with his own skate blade. Baseball can also be dangerous. The average pitcher throws a ball at 70 to 80 miles per hour, so if a batter is struck, it can cause severe damage. Mike Piazza, who played for the New York Mets, was hit in the head by a pitch so strong that it shattered his helmet. It pays to use caution when playing competitive sports.

41 The End