1 Unit2 Unit 2
2 Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Cultural information watch the video and answer the following questions What phase of your life do you prefer? Being young or being older? Tell us your reasons. I. Advantages of being young: healthier, more energetic… clearer eyes, softer voices, slimmer figures… good memories a lot of spare time have the chances of making mistakes
3 Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Cultural information II our sociery worships youth worship: v. show great admiration 顶礼膜拜 eg:…Jews worshipping at the Wailing Wall. (哭墙:耶路撒冷旧城古代犹太第二圣殿护墙的一段，据说是距离上帝最近的地方） AT the end of the services, scores of worshippers streamed down to the altar. 礼拜结束后，许多敬拜者涌向圣坛。
4 Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Cultural information COMMERCIALS(电视或电台播放的广告) & ADVERTISEMENTS (平面广告) Pretty, fresh, innocent-looking Young
5 Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Cultural information COMMERCIALS(电视或电台播放的广告) & ADVERTISEMENTS (平面广告) 此处插入视频2 配音人： 2014英语班 马依婷
6 Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Cultural information COMMERCIALS (电视或电台播放的广告) & ADVERTISEMENTS(平面广告) “Duang”
7 Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Cultural information FASHION MAGAZINES/ BIBLES(时尚杂志） skinny no fat fresh young
8 Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Cultural information FASHION MAGAZINES/ BIBLES(时尚杂志） The standard of a “帅锅”： 年龄每增减1岁减一分 每矮1厘米减2分 3.（身高—110）＊2 每增1斤减1分
9 Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Cultural information GIRL’S STYLE VS MOTHER’S SYTLE Colorful, Neatly tailored Fashionable Black and white, Outdated
10 Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Cultural information Youth is beautiful, but….. What’s wrong with being older? 93 61 47
11 Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Cultural information Youth is beautiful, but….. What’s wrong with being older?
12 Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Cultural information Youth is beautiful, but….. What’s wrong with being older?
13 Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Cultural information Youth is beautiful, but….. What’s wrong with being older?
14 Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Cultural information Youth is beautiful, but….. What’s wrong with being older?
15 Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Cultural information Youth（节选） Samuel Ullman Youth is not a time of life, it is a state of mind, it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees, it is a matter of will ,a quality of imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep spring of life. 青春不是一段生命流程，而是一种精神状态；不是红润的脸庞、嫣红的双唇和柔韧的膝盖，而是不拔的意志、超凡的想象和澎湃的激情。青春，是从生命之泉深处洋溢出来的鲜活与清凉。 14,15插播背景音乐
16 Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Cultural information No body grows old merely by a number of years, We grow old by deserting our ideas. Years may wrinkle the skin but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Whether 60 or 16, In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station: So long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the infinite, so long as you are young. 人们渐长渐老不仅因为岁月的流失，更多的是因为我们对自己理想的背弃。岁月可以在皮肤上留下痕迹，而激情之火的熄灭则在心灵上刻下烙印。 无论是60岁还是16岁，在你我的心底，都有一座无线电台：只要它能接收人类和万物传递来的美好、希望、欢乐、鼓舞和力量的信息，你就会青春永驻。
17 The Virtues of Growing olderStructural analysis 1 Main idea Structural analysis The Virtues of Growing older Paragraphs Main idea 1-2 3-5 6 Being young is pleasant, but being older has distinct advantages. Three advantages of being older: 1)Not be obsessed with appearance 2)No more confusions, difficult decisions 3)Accept who I am growing older would be “a better phase” of life.
18 Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Cultural information What are the advantages of getting older? 1. Different attitudes towards APPEARANCE “We are not apt to be obsessed with appearance. ” “We are no longer salves to style and fashion.” “ As long as we feel good about how we look, we feel happy.”(P2)
20 Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Cultural information cosmetic surgery (整容手术） “bing bing” face 冰冰脸
21 Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Cultural information Selfie [selfi] （自拍照）
22 Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Cultural information Shopaholic(购物狂） Moonlight clan(月光族）
23 Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Cultural information Shopaholic(购物狂） Moonlight clan(月光族）
24 Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Cultural information obsessed with .. slave to style at the mercy of fashion not anxious… attractive and easy to wear VS
25 Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Cultural information What are the advantages of getting older? 2. Less of confusions, difficult decisions… “I have already made many of the critical decisions that confront those just starting out.” “when you are young, major decisions await you at every turn.” “ They are often confused, uncertain, and troubled by all the unknowns in their future.”
26 Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Cultural information There are many things not decided yet. Go abroad to pursue your dream Stay with your beloved girl
27 Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Cultural information There are many things not decided yet. Romantic first love Reality
28 Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Cultural information There are many things not decided yet. A peaceful small town A big modernized city
29 Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Cultural information What are the advantages of getting older? 3. Accept “Who I am” “跟谁在一起舒服就跟谁在一起，包括朋友、 亲人、同事也是。累了就躲远一点。 取悦别人远不如快乐自己。”
30 Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Cultural information When you are old --- William Butler Yeats When you are old and grey and full of sleep, And nodding by the fire, take down this book, And slowly read, and dream of the soft look Your eyes had once, and of their shadows deep; How many loved your moments of glad grace, And loved your beauty with love false or true, But one man loved the pilgrim Soul in you, And loved the sorrows of your changing face; And bending down beside the glowing bars, Murmur, a little sadly, how Love fled And paced upon the mountains overhead And hid his face amid a crowd of stars. 插播背景音乐李建当我老了
31 Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 2Cultural information
32 Daisy: Do you remember me? I’m Daisy. Benjamin: I’m Benjamin. Video Script1 Audiovisual supplement Cultural information Daisy: Do you remember me? I’m Daisy. Benjamin: I’m Benjamin. Daisy: It’s nice to meet you, Benjamin. Would you mind if I sit with you? I would love to hear you play. Benjamin: Do I know you? Voiceover: And every day, I would stop by to make sure that he was comfortable. Benjamin: No, I didn’t. Nurse: You just finished eating. Benjamin: Don’t think I don’t know what you’re doing! You’re all fucking liars! Nurse: He doesn’t believe he just had his breakfast. Daisy: Now, why don’t we see if we can’t find something else for you to do?
33 Benjamin: I have a feeling there’s a lot of things I can’t remember. Video Script2 Audiovisual supplement Cultural information Benjamin: I have a feeling there’s a lot of things I can’t remember. Daisy: Well, like what, sugar? Benjamin: It’s like there’s this whole life I had, and I can’t remember what it was. Daisy: It’s okay. It’s okay to forget things. Voiceover: Many times, he would simply forget who or where he was. Nurse: There he is. He’s up there on the roof. Voiceover: It wasn’t easy. Daisy: Benjamin! Benjamin: I can see everything! I can see the big river! Daisy: That’s right. You can see everything, sweetheart.
34 Benjamin: I can see the graveyard where Mama’s buried, Video Script3 Audiovisual supplement Cultural information Benjamin: I can see the graveyard where Mama’s buried, and all those other people. Daisy: I want you to come down! Benjamin: What if I could fly? Daisy: I knew a man who could fly. You come down, and I’ll tell you all about him.
35 Cultural information 1 1. QuoteAudiovisual supplement Cultural information 1. Quote Nobody grows old merely by living a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals. Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. — Samuel Ullman
36 Cultural information 2 2. Growing PainsAudiovisual supplement Cultural information 2. Growing Pains Growing Pains is an American television sitcom about an upper-middle class family with a working mother and a stay-at-home psychiatrist father raising three children together, which aired on ABC from 1985 to The show’s premise is based on the fictional Seaver family, who reside in Huntington, Long Island, New York. Dr. Jason Seaver (Alan Thicke), a psychiatrist, works from home because his wife, Maggie Malone (Joanna Kerns), has gone back to work as a reporter. Jason has to take care of the kids: troublemaker Mike (Kirk Cameron), honors student Carol (Tracey Gold), and rambunctious Ben (Jeremy Miller). A fourth child, Chrissy Seaver, was born in 1988.
37 Global Reading - Main ideaStructural analysis This piece of writing is an attempt to subvert the “traditional” view and convince the reader that . The author points out a number of of growing older. These advantages are enumerated on the basis of the experiences of By means of (being young and being old) the author reveals and , which have often been overlooked. growing older is not necessarily that dreadful _________________________________________________ advantages ____________ her brother and her own contrast ___________________________ __________ true happiness ________________ contentment in old age __________________________
38 Structural analysis 3 Main idea Structural analysis 2. What techniques does the author adopt to present the advantages of growing older? The author illustrates them with examples and by contrast (being young and being old).
39 The Virtues of Growing OlderDetailed reading1-2 Detailed reading The Virtues of Growing Older Carol Siskin Our society worships youth. Advertisements convince us to buy Grecian Formula and Oil of Olay so we can hide the gray in our hair. Middle-aged folks work out in gyms and jog down the street, trying to delay the effects of aging. Wouldn’t any person over thirty gladly sign with the devil just to be young again? Isn’t aging an experience to be dreaded? Perhaps it is un-American to say so, but I believe the answer is “No.” Being young is often pleasant, but being older has distinct advantages.
40 Detailed reading3 Detailed reading 3 When young, you are apt to be obsessed with your appearance. When my brother Dave and I were teens, we worked feverishly to perfect the bodies we had. Dave lifted weights, took megadoses of vitamins, and drank a half-dozen milk shakes a day in order to turn his wiry adolescent frame into some muscular ideal. And as a teenager, I dieted constantly. No matter what I weighed, though, I was never satisfied with the way I looked. My legs were too heavy, my shoulders too broad, my waist too big. When Dave and I were young, we begged and pleaded for the “right” clothes. If our parents didn’t get them for us, we felt our world would fall apart. How could we go to school wearing loose-fitting blazers when everyone else would be wearing smartly tailored leather jackets?
41 Detailed reading3 Detailed reading We would be considered freaks. I often wonder how my parents, and parents in general, manage to tolerate their children during the adolescent years. Now, however, Dave and I are beyond such adolescent agonies. My rounded figure seems fine, and I don’t deny myself a slice of pecan pie if I feel in the mood. Dave still works out, but he has actually become fond of his tall, lanky frame. The two of us enjoy wearing fashionable clothes, but we are no longer slaves to style. And women, I’m embarrassed to admit, even more than men, have always seemed to be at the mercy of fashion. Now my clothes are attractive yet easy to wear. We no longer feel anxious about what others will think. As long as we feel good about how we look, we are happy.
42 Detailed reading4 Detailed reading Being older is preferable to being younger in another way. Obviously, I still have important choices to make about my life, but I have already made many of the critical decisions that confront those just starting out. I chose the man I wanted to marry. I decided to have children. I elected to return to college to complete my education. But when you are young, major decisions await you at every turn. “What college should I attend? What career should I pursue? Should I have children?” These are just a few of the issues facing young people. It’s no wonder that, despite their carefree façade, they are often confused, uncertain, and troubled by all the unknowns in their future. 4
43 Detailed reading5 Detailed reading But the greatest benefit of being forty is knowing who I am. The most unsettling aspect of youth is the uncertainty you feel about your values, goals, and dreams. Being young means wondering what is worth working for. Being young means feeling happy with yourself one day and wishing you were never born the next. It means trying on new selves by taking up with different crowds. It means resenting your parents and their way of life one minute and then feeling you will never be as good or as accomplished as they are. By way of contrast, forty is sanity. I have a surer self-identity now. I don’t laugh at jokes I don’t think funny. I can make a speech in front of a town meeting or complain in a store because I am no longer terrified that people will laugh at me; 5
44 Detailed reading6 Detailed reading I am no longer anxious that everyone must like me. I no longer blame my parents for my every personality quirk or keep a running score of everything they did wrong raising me. Life has taught me that I, not they, am responsible for who I am. We are all human beings — neither saints nor devils. Most Americans blindly accept the idea that newer is automatically better. But a human life contradicts this premise. There is a great deal of happiness to be found as we grow older. My own parents, now in their sixties, recently told me that they are happier now than they have ever been. They would not want to be my age. Did this surprise me? At first, yes. Then it gladdened me. Their contentment holds out great promise for me as I move into the next — perhaps even better— phase of my life. 6
45 Detailed reading1--Quesion1. Why do people want to hide their gray hair and delay the effects of aging? They worship youth and are afraid of growing older, so they try every means to look young. 2. What does the writer mean when she says “it is un-American to say so” in Para. 2? She means these questions seem contrary to the values commonly held by most Americans. And the American people would do anything possible to delay aging.
46 Detailed reading3--Quesion1. According to the writer, what is the first advantage of growing older? Not being obsessed with one’s appearance. 2. Why are adolescents apt to be obsessed with their appearances? Because they feel anxious about what others will think.
47 Detailed reading4--Quesion1. Is it accurate to say that older people are totally free from uncertainty? No, because they still have important choices to make. However, they have already made the major ones, while young people will meet theirs at every turn. 2. What is the meaning of “at every turn”? The phrase means “on every occasion”.
48 Detailed reading5--Quesion1. What is the meaning of “wishing you were never born the next”? It is related with the first half of the sentence and the complete structure is “feeling happy with yourself one day and wishing you were never born the next day (because you feel so miserable).” 2. Try to explain the phrase “keep a running score of everything they did wrong raising me.” It means “constantly remind myself of all the unhappy things that my parents did to me in the process of raising me.” Here “score” means “record.”
49 Detailed reading6--Quesion1. What evidence does the writer cite to back her view in this paragraph? Her parents’ example. 2. What does “this premise” refer to? It refers to “newer is automatically better.”
50 Detailed reading1– agingaging n. the process of becoming old e.g. People want to figure out whether doing sports can influence aging in the body. Comparison: elderly a. a polite word meaning old e.g. The building has now been converted into a retirement home for the elderly. senior citizen a polite expression meaning old people
51 Detailed reading1– dreaddread vt. feel great fear or anxiety about e.g. The little girl dreads sleeping alone. The staff in this company dread to think what will happen if the financial crisis comes. Derivation: dreadful a. Synonym: fear, frighten
52 Detailed reading1– distinctdistinct a. noticeable, unmistakable e.g. The footprints are quite distinct; they must be fresh. Collocation: distinct from sth. different in kind; separate e.g. Mozart’s style is quite distinct from Haydn’s. Astronomy, as distinct from astrology, is an exact science. 天文学是一门严谨的科学，与占星术完全不同。 Derivation: distinction n. distinctly ad.
53 Detailed reading1– ActivityDiscussion Do you dread aging? Why? Can you imagine what you will become when you are old? What distinct characteristics will you have?
54 Detailed reading1– Advertisements 1…Advertisements convince us to buy Grecian Formula and Oil of Olay so we can hide the gray in our hair. Explanation: Grecian Formula and Oil of Olay: Grecian Formula is a popular men’s hair coloring product in the United States, first introduced in 1961 and is still made. One of its main features is that it works gradually so the color change is not noticeable as with dye products. Olay originated in South Africa as Oil of Olay. It was known as Oil of Olay until 1999 in South Africa and North America, and Oil of Ulay in the United Kingdom. It is a brand based around facial moisturizer and skin care products. It claims to have the effect of helping people to stay looking young.
55 Detailed reading1– Advertisements 2 …Translation: 广告使我们相信，只要购买了希腊处方染发剂和玉兰油就能使我们青春永驻。
56 Detailed reading1– gladly sign …gladly sign with the devil just to be young again Explanation: Literally, the phrase means to sign a contract with the devil, so that the devil would help you become young again in exchange for your soul. In the text the phrase is metaphorically used to mean be willing to do anything (even bad) to become young again.
57 Detailed reading1-- be obsessed with 1be obsessed with: have an unreasonably strong and continuous interest in particular things or persons e.g. The new president was obsessed with the thought of being watched. 新主席总觉得受人监视而心神不宁。 Derivation: obsession n. obsessive a. Synonym: preoccupy, haunt
58 Detailed reading1– be obsessed with 2Translation: 她童年时一直害怕父母离异。 The fear of her parents’ divorce obsessed her throughout her childhood. ________________________________________________________________________________
59 Detailed reading1-- perfectperfect vt. make sth. perfect e.g. Nowadays, more and more foreigners come to China to perfect their Chinese. Derivation: perfection n. perfectible a. Comparison: improve vt. cause sth. to become better refine vt. improve sth. by removing defects and attending to details
60 Detailed reading1-- turn intoturn into change completely and become sth. else e.g. After years’ development, Shenzhen, which used to be a small village, has turned into an international metropolis. Synonym: change into, become Comparison: turn against sb. 与某人反目成仇 turn sth. inside out 把里面翻作外面 turn (sb. / sth.) over （使某人/某物）翻身或翻转
61 Detailed reading1-- dietdiet vi. eat less in order to lose weight e.g. The doctor told the patient to diet and take some exercise. n. the type of food that a person regularly eats e.g. Exercise and a well-balanced diet keeps you fit and healthy. Collocation: a diet of sth. so much of sth. that you feel boring or unpleasant e.g. a constant diet of soap operas on TV 多得令人腻烦的电视连续剧
62 Detailed reading1– be satisfied with 1be satisfied with feel pleased because you have what you want or because things have happened in the way that you hoped e.g. The CEO of this company is not satisfied with the volume of business. Comparison: satisfactory a. a word for describing a result, situation, etc., that makes one feel satisfied because it is what one was hoping for e.g. The score of her TOFEL was satisfactory.
63 Detailed reading1– be satisfied with 2Comparison: satisfying a. a word for describing a job, activity, or experience that makes one satisfied because one enjoys doing it and results are often very good e.g. There’s something very satisfying about making explorations. Synonym: gratify, content
64 Detailed reading1-- pleadplead vi. make an urgent, emotional statement or request for sth. e.g. The little girl pleaded with her parents not to leave her in her uncle’s home. The criminal pleaded to see his wife once more. Comparison: beg vi. ask sb. very strongly in a way that makes one feel ashamed or makes other people lose respect for him e.g. The unfilial son begged mercy of his mother. Collocation: plead with sb. for sth. make repeated urgent requests to sb. for sth.
65 Detailed reading1-- tolerate 1tolerate vt. be willing to accept sth. unpleasant or difficult, even though one does not like it or approve it e.g. As newcomers, they had to tolerate the awful weather and the tough living conditions. Comparison: stand vt. accept or be forced to accept an unpleasant situation endure vt. accept or be forced to accept an unpleasant situation for a long time bear vt. accept or be forced to accept an unpleasant situation that makes one angry, sad, or upset put up with accept or be forced to accept an annoying situation or unpleasant behavior as part of one’s daily life
66 Detailed reading1– tolerate 2Derivation: tolerant a. toleration n.
67 Detailed reading1– beyondbeyond prep. outside the range or limit of e.g. Dealing with such a troublesome problem is beyond my capability. The radio is beyond repair. 这台收音机已经不能修理了。 Collocation: be beyond sb. be impossible for sb. to imagine, understand or calculate e.g. It’s beyond me why she wants to marry Burton. 我不明白她为什么想嫁给伯顿。 Antonym: within
68 Detailed reading1-- agonyagony n. extreme mental or physical pain or suffering e.g. The mother was in an agony of losing five sons in the war. He suffered agonies of remorse. 他饱受悔恨的煎熬。 Derivation: agonize v. agonizing a. agonizingly ad. Synonym: distress, anguish
69 Detailed reading1– deny oneselfdeny oneself not do sth. that one enjoys doing or have sth. one desires to have, because he thinks that will be good for him e.g. He denied himself all small pleasures and luxuries in his effort to live a holy life. Comparison: do without be able to manage without sth. one really wants to have e.g. No one can do without drinking water for a long time. Translation: 为了省钱给女儿治病，他戒烟了。 _______________________________________________________ In order to save money for his daughter’s medical treatment, he denied himself smoking.
70 Detailed reading1– megadoses of vitamins…Explanation: very large doses of vitamins
71 Detailed reading1– If our parents …If our parents didn’t get them for us, we felt our world would fall apart. Translation: 如果父母不给我们买我们想要的衣服，我们就觉得世界末日到了。
72 Detailed reading1– we are no …we are no longer slaves to style Explanation: we no longer follow the fashion blindly
73 Detailed reading1– at the mercy …at the mercy of fashion Explanation: completely controlled by fashion
74 At the mercy of: under the control of sb/sth; in the power of sb/sth 任由某人/某事物摆布或控制 The ship was at the mercy of the storm. The enemy were at the mercy of us. 敌人在我们面前毫无办法。
75 Detailed reading1– Activity1Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in its appropriate form. plead beyond obsess diet satisfy perfect deny oneself turn into agony tolerate Mozart’s with piano started when he was a baby. 2. The shy girl in former days has a pretty lady. 3. The toothache tortured me a whole night. 4. Seeing the interesting toys from the window, the little boy with his mother for buying some back home. 5. Shakespeare’s wife had nothing Shakespeare’s second best bed. obsession ___________ turned into _____________ agonizing ___________ pleaded _________ beyond _________
76 Detailed reading1– Activity2plead beyond obsess diet satisfy perfect deny oneself turn into agony tolerate 6. Her parents’ marriage portion really her. 7. He moved to his grandfather’s home so as to his Latin. 8. The headmaster those naughty students’ behavior. 9. The nurse says Richard has got to go on a 10. In order to find an expected job, she all the entertainments in her internship. satisfied _________ perfect ________ tolerated ___________ diet _____ denied herself ________________
77 Detailed reading1– Activity 4Story-telling Do you still remember those carefree days in your childhood? Did you have any critical time in the childhood? What meaningful things did you confront? What things were preferable for you to do at that time? Try to tell your classmates some of your interesting childhood stories.
78 Detailed reading1– preferablepreferable a. more desirable or suitable e.g. For me, teamwork is preferable to single action. Synonym: better, superior Antonym: inferior Derivation: preferably ad. preference n.
79 Detailed reading1– criticalcritical a. extremely important, crucial e.g. Facing the enemy’s invasion, the nation is at a critical time in history. This document is critical for all the citizens living in this area. Antonym: insignificant, uncritical Derivation: critically ad. criticize v. criticism n.
80 Detailed reading1– confrontconfront vt. deal with sth. in a brave and determined way; bring face to face e.g. The problems confronting us are knotty. Confronted by a black bear, the hunter retreated. Synonym: oppose, encounter Derivation: confrontation
81 Detailed reading1– awaitawait vt. wait for e.g. A large party awaited him on his birthday. A big decision awaits him to make. Synonym: be ready for, wait for Translation: 对于这个罪犯而言，等待他的将是法律的严惩。 For this criminal, severe punishment of the law awaits him. _______________________________________________________
82 Detailed reading1– carefreecarefree a. cheerful and without worries e.g. Our childhood, those carefree days have gone for ever. Synonym: lighthearted, untroubled Collocation： keep a peaceful and carefree mind 悠闲自在
83 Detailed reading1– unknownunknown n. an unknown person or thing e.g. I wish to have a journey into the unknown so that I can be oblivious of myself. Recently I always see an unknown appearing in my neighbor’s garden. Antonym: celebrity Collocation: content unknown identity unknown
84 Detailed reading1– … but I have… but I have already made many of the critical decisions that confront those just starting out. Translation: 但是当刚刚踏入社会的年轻人在为生活中的每个重要决策感到焦头烂额之时，我已经做过很多重要的决断。
85 Detailed reading1–benefitbenefit n. anything that brings help, advantage, profit e.g. All the 11 countries get benefit from China-ASEAN Free Trade Area. Derivation: beneficial a. benefit vt. Synonym: profit, advantage
86 Detailed reading1– worthworth a. deserving of e.g. The football game between England and Germany is worth watching. The scheme is well worth a try. 这个计划倒值得一试。 Collocation: not worth a straw worthless worth its weight in gold extremely helpful, useful, etc; invaluable Translation: 他觉得他的生命已经没有继续下去的意义了。 ____________________________________________________________ He felt that his life was not worth a straw to continue.
87 Detailed reading1– sanitysanity n. the state of being mentally healthy; the ability to think and behave normally and reasonably e.g. His story was so extraordinary that we began to doubt his sanity. The president’s sanity in investing huge amounts of money in gold mines was questioned. Synonym: reasonableness, rationality Antonym: insanity Derivation: sane a. sanely ad.
88 Detailed reading1– make a speech speakmake a speech speak formally to a group of listeners e.g. Jack’s friend pleaded with him for making a speech at a wedding reception. Synonym: give a lecture, lecture Comparison: make a face 做鬼脸 make a fortune 发大财 make a fool of oneself / sb. 使自己/某人出丑
89 Detailed reading1– It means trying …It means trying on new selves by taking up with different crowds. Explanation: It means trying behaving differently from their usual selves by associating with different people.
90 Detailed reading1– quirkquirk n. a strange or unusual habit or part of sb.’s character e.g. One of her quirks is that she is always doubtful about being watched by somebody. Many scientists have quirks in their life or work. Synonym: oddity, eccentricity Translation: 他很怪，把自己的妻子称作史密斯夫人。 __________________________________________________________________________________ He had a strange quirk of addressing his wife Mrs. Smith.
91 Detailed reading1– contradictcontradict vt. be opposite in nature to e.g. The document contradicts what we heard in the conference last week. Synonym: oppose, disagree Derivation: contradictory a. contradiction n.
92 Detailed reading1– phase 1phase n. stage of development e.g. Usually, spring is a significant phase of a lot of illness. Childhood is an enlightening phase for a child. Synonym: stage, period
93 Detailed reading1– phase 2Collocation: in phase being in the same state at the same time out of phase not being in the same state at the same time e.g. The two subsidiary corporations’ operations were out of phase so that the headquarters could not handle the problems timely. 这两个子公司的业务活动不同步，总部因而没能及时地解决一些问题。
94 Detailed reading1– Their contentment …Their contentment holds out great promise for me as I move into the next — perhaps even better — phase of my life. Explanation: Their contentment makes me believe that I’ll be as happy as they are when I am their age. Translation: 在我迈向生命的下一个阶段，或许是更好的一个时期时，我父母的幸福感给我提供了这样一个保证：我也许会幸福的。
95 Consolidation Activities- Vocabulary mainGrammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Phrase practice Word derivation Synonym / Antonym Suffix
96 Consolidation Activities-Phrase practice 1Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening be apt to: be likely to 易于……，有……的倾向 e.g. Infants are apt to put their hands into their mouths. 婴儿爱把手往嘴里塞。
97 Consolidation Activities-Phrase practice 2Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening in general: as a whole 通常，大体上；总的来说， 从总体上看 e.g. In general, this company’s products are very reliable. 这家公司的产品通常是很可靠的。 In general, this paper is a bit difficult for these students to finish in an hour. 总的来说，让学生在一个小时内完成这份试卷有些困难。
98 Consolidation Activities-Phrase practice 3Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening at the mercy of: powerless against; completely controlled by 对……无能为力；任……处置，任由……摆布 e.g. Some people are born with the belief that they are masters of their own lives. Others feel they are at the mercy of fate. 有些人天生相信自己是生命的主宰，另一些人则觉得他们受到命运的支配。 I don’t want to put myself at the mercy of others. 我不希望任由他人摆布。
99 Consolidation Activities-Phrase practice 4Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening no wonder: not surprising / only too natural 不足为奇，并不奇怪 e.g. It is no wonder that it is so wet in the south. 南方这么潮湿，并不奇怪。 No wonder you’re so tired, you’ve worked three hours without a break. 难怪你这么累，你已经连续工作了三个小时。 It is no wonder that he failed his final exam. 他没能通过期末考试，这是不足为怪的。
100 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.1Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words. 1. She has got this (obsess) fear of losing control, so she never shows her emotions. obsessive ___________ 2. People under a lot of stress at work will often experience (mood), irritability and a loss of confidence. moodiness ____________ 3. They wanted a (tolerate) existence — more food, better shelter, and peace. tolerable ___________
101 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.2Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 4. In the end, the company and its investors came to a mutually (benefit) arrangement. beneficial ___________ 5. Working with the mentally handicapped can be a (satisfy) and rewarding experience. satisfying ___________ 6. Frogs can search for food underwater, (hide) from birds of prey. hidden ________
102 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.3Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 7. When I asked her about where she wanted the meeting to be held, she didn’t express any particular (prefer). preference _____________ 8. The committee has made four specific (critical) of the government’s transportation policy. criticisms ___________
103 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.4Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 1. obsess v. （使）牵挂，（使）惦念，（使）着迷 obsessed a. 着迷的 obsession n. 困扰，沉迷，着魔 obsessive a. 着迷的，强迫性的，分神的 e.g. 爱丽丝被一个她刚刚认识的男孩迷住了。 他一直想要找到他的父亲，但是最近这变成了一种狂热。 Alice was obsessed by a boy she has just met. He’s always wanted to find his father but recently it’s become an obsession.
104 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.5Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 2. mood n. 心情，情绪 moody a. 易怒的，喜怒无常的，情绪化的 moodiness n. 忧郁 e.g. 我每个星期日情绪都很坏。 我的妻子在医院里心情不好。 I am always in a bad mood on Sunday. My wife is moody at the hospital.
105 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.6Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 3. tolerate v. 容忍，忍受 tolerable a. 可容忍的 tolerant a. 宽容的，容忍的 e.g. 她能忍受寒冷的天气。 这种炎热的天气在夜晚可以忍受。 She can tolerate the cold days. The heat was tolerable at night.
106 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.7Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 4. benefit n. 利益；津贴 beneficial a. 有益的，有利的 beneficiary n. 受惠者，受益人 e.g. 这项工程对每个人都大有好处。 新鲜空气有益于健康。 她的丈夫是她遗嘱的主要受益人。 This project is of great benefit to everyone. Fresh air is beneficial to our health. Her husband is the chief beneficiary of her will.
107 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.8Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 5. satisfy v. 使满意，满足 satisfaction n. 满意 satisfactory a. 令人满意的 e.g. 观赏一幅美丽的图画使人心满意足。 她对现状根本不满意。 Looking at a beautiful painting always gives one satisfaction. She is not at all satisfied with the present situation.
108 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.9Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 6. hide v. 隐藏，隐瞒 hiding n. 隐藏，躲藏 hidden a. 隐藏的，秘密的 e.g. 她设法不表露自己的感情。 警察正在追赶藏匿起来的杀人犯。 She tried to hide her feelings. The police are following a murderer who’s in hiding.
109 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.9Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 7. prefer v. 较喜欢；宁可 preferable a. 更好的，更合意的 preference n. 偏爱，优先，喜爱物 preferential a. 优先的；优惠的 e.g. 我更喜欢牛奶，而不是咖啡。 我父亲感到在乡村生活比在城市生活要好些。 对于求职者，我们优先考虑有一定经验的人。 She tried to hide her feelings. The police are following a murderer who’s in hiding. In considering people for jobs, we give preference to those with some experience.
110 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.9Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 8. critical a. 批评的；决定性的，关键的 critic n. 批评家，评论家 criticism n. 批评，评论 criticize v. 批评；非难 e.g. 他的行为招致尖锐的批评。 他批评了我的冒险活动。 His behavior called forth sharp criticism. He criticized my taking risks.
111 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.10Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening
112 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.11Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening
113 Consolidation Activities- Synonym / Antonym1Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used. 1. Advertisements convince us to buy Grecian Formula and Oil of Olay so we can hide the gray in our hair. Synonym: conceal, disguise 2. My legs were too heavy, my shoulders too broad, my waist too big. Antonym: narrow
114 Consolidation Activities- Synonym / Antonym2Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 3. Their contentment holds out great promise for me as I move into the next — perhaps even better — phase of my life. Synonym: satisfaction, happiness, joy 4. The Virtues of Growing Older Synonym: merits, advantages
115 Consolidation Activities- Synonym / Antonym3Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 5. My rounded figure seems fine, and I don’t deny myself a slice of pecan pie if I feel in the mood. Synonym: fat, plump 6. Dave lifted weights, took megadoses of vitamins and drank a half-dozen milk shakes a day in order to turn his wiry adolescent frame into some muscular ideal. Synonym: well-built 7. The two of us enjoy wearing fashionable clothes, but we are no longer slaves to style. Antonym: old-fashioned, outdated
116 Consolidation Activities- Synonym / Antonym4Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 8. Obviously, I still have important choices to make about my life, but I have already made many of the critical decisions that confront those just starting out. Synonym: clearly, evidently
117 Consolidation Activities- Suffix 1Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Write in each space one word that has the same prefix as underlined in each given word. preface 2. prologue 3. foresight 4. paralysis 5. periphery 6. dialogue 7. semifinal 8. devaluate prepare _________________________________ progress _________________________________ foresee _________________________________ parallel _________________________________ perimeter _________________________________ diameter _________________________________ semiconductor _________________________________ decelerate _________________________________
118 Consolidation Activities- Suffix 2Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Explanation: pre- : before someone or something e.g. prewar, precondition, precaution, prediction
119 Consolidation Activities- Suffix 3Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Explanation: pro- : before e.g. proceed, procession, provision
120 Consolidation Activities- Suffix 4Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Explanation: fore- : before or in the front of e.g. foreword, foretell, forecast, forehead
121 Consolidation Activities- Suffix 5Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Explanation: para- : on one side e.g. paragraph, parallel
122 Consolidation Activities- Suffix 6Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Explanation: per- : surrounding e.g. periodic, period
123 Consolidation Activities- Suffix 7Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Explanation: dia- : pass through between sth. e.g. dialectic, diagram, diagnosis
124 Consolidation Activities- Suffix 8Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Explanation: semi-: half or partly e.g. semicircle, semi-final, semi-skilled
125 Consolidation Activities- Suffix 9Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Explanation: de-: reduce e.g. declass, degrade, deduce
126 Consolidation Activities- Grammar mainVocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening concrete nouns & abstract nouns quantifiers & determiners dangling participles
127 Consolidation Activities- Grammar1.1Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Concrete nouns are words we use for people, places, or things that we can observe with at least one of our five senses. The abstract class is the opposite — we can never experience these nouns according to our senses. While this distinction is sometimes useful, the boundary between concrete and abstract is not always clear. Some nouns can be used as uncountable nouns when they refer to a thing in general and countable nouns when they refer to a particular instance of it, consider, for example, the noun art, which usually refers to a concept:
128 Consolidation Activities- Grammar1.2Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening e.g. Art is an important element of human culture. But it can refer to a specific artwork in certain contexts: e.g. I put my daughter’s art up on the fridge. This is the problem of context within sentences.
129 Consolidation Activities- Grammar1.4Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Practice Complete the following sentences with the appropriate forms of the nouns given. 1. My children are to me. (great, help) 2. The boy had of mathematics. (good, knowledge) 3. He is looking for (work) 4. The more (difficulty) we encounter, the harder we should work. 5. To be middle-class is to have license to indulge more freely in creating (comfort). 6. Like millions of other Americans, I often have (trouble) with insomnia. a great help _____________ a good knowledge ___________________ work ______ difficulties ____________ comforts ___________ trouble __________
130 Consolidation Activities- Grammar1.6Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Complete the following with every, each, everyone, every one or all. 1. The pavement on side was crowded with neat smiling people. 2. The girl is very popular likes her. 3. A: He had eaten the biscuits. B: What? ? A: single one. sex has its own physical and psychological characteristics. 5. The bus leaves hour. 6. She nursed him with her heart. each ______ Everyone ___________ all ____ Every one ___________ Every ______ Each ______ every ______ all ____
131 Consolidation Activities- Grammar2.1Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening every, each, everyone, every one, all Each and every have similar but not always identical meanings. each = every one separately every = each, all Sometimes, each and every have the same meaning: e.g. Prices go up each year. Prices go up every year. But often they are not exactly the same. Each expresses the idea of “one by one”. It emphasizes individuality. e.g. Each artist sees things differently.
132 Consolidation Activities- Grammar2.2Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Every cannot be used for two things while each can: e.g. Every soldier saluted as the President arrived. Each can be used in front of the verb: e.g. The soldiers each received a medal. Each can be followed by “of”: e.g. The President spoke to each of the soldiers. Every cannot be used for two things. For two things, while each can be used: e.g. He was carrying a suitcase in each hand.
133 Consolidation Activities- Grammar2.3Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Every is used to say how often something happens: e.g. There is a plane to Bangkok every day. Everyone means “everybody” and is used when you want to refer to all the people in a group: e.g. Everyone in my family likes spaghetti. But if you’re referring to the individuals who make up a group, then the phrase is every one. “Each and every one” you should never substitute everyone, for everyone as singular or plural: e.g. We wish each and every one of you a Merry Christmas.
134 Consolidation Activities- Grammar2.3Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening All is more often used with plural verb forms, though sometimes it is used with singular verbs. However, if we wish to specify the things or people under discussion, we can use all or all of with nouns and pronouns and the correspondingly correct singular or plural verb forms. e.g. Has all (of) the cake been eaten? Have all (of) the presents been distributed? All of us are going to Sam’s party next week. We’re all going.
135 Consolidation Activities- Grammar2.4Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Practice Complete the following with every, each, everyone, every one or all. 1. The pavement on side was crowded with neat smiling people. 2. The girl is very popular likes her. 3. A: He had eaten the biscuits. B: What? ? A: single one. sex has its own physical and psychological characteristics. 5. The bus leaves hour. 6. She nursed him with her heart. each ______ Everyone __________ all ___ Every one ___________ Every ______ Each ______ every ______ all ____
136 Consolidation Activities- Grammar3.1Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Dangling participles is a participle that is not grammatically linked to the word it is intended to modify. In “Driving down the street, the house came into view,” “driving” is a dangling participle. Though they are not rare in speech, dangling participles are avoided in formal writing because of the possibility of misunderstanding. e.g. The burglar was about 30 years old, white, 5'10'',with wavy hair weighing about 150 pounds. If properly installed, you shouldn’t be able to open the door without first pressing the safety button.
137 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening
138 Consolidation Activities- Grammar3.3Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Practice Correct errors in the following sentences. 1. When planting these flowers, care must be taken not to damage the roots. 2. Reading the letter a second time, the meaning becomes clearer. 3. The teacher walked behind the kids eating their lunches. you must take care When you read who were eating
139 Consolidation Activities- Grammar3.4Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 4. Crossing the room, her foot bled all over the carpet. 5. While cleaning his gun, it went off unexpectedly. 6. Relieved, although half-naked, Mom handed me the catalog. When she crossed the room he was cleaning When I was relieved
140 Consolidation Activities- Translation1Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Translate the following sentences into English. 1. 如今很多爱慕虚荣的年轻人，尽管还不富裕，但却已经迷上了漂亮的小汽车。（vain, be obsessed with） Many vain young people are obsessed with fancy cars despite the fact that they are not yet rich enough to afford them.
141 Consolidation Activities- Translation2Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Practice： 被工作迷了心窍的人和酒鬼、吸毒者或惯赌都一样瘾头很大。 The man who is obsessed with his job is just as hooked as the alcoholic, the junkie, or the compulsive gambler. 你们这一代可能会因为感情关系的频繁变化而产生困扰。 Your generation may seem to be obsessed with relationships that change continually.
142 Consolidation Activities- Translation3Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 2．地震切断了这个城市和外界的联系，人们的食品也许捱不过冬天了。（hold out） The earthquake isolated this city from other areas. I’m afraid their food supplies will not hold out through the winter.
143 Consolidation Activities- Translation4Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Practice： 如果供给品充裕的话，我们将在此继续露营一个星期。 If our supplies hold out, we will camp here for another week. 那位飞行员说，因为缺乏燃料，他只能再坚持一小时，然后就不得不把飞机降落在水面上。 The pilot said he could hold out for another hour before he would have to ditch the plane because of lack of fuel.
144 Consolidation Activities- Translation5Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 3. 她最近和一个足以做她父亲的老头好上了，这使她父母感到非常丢脸。（take up with） She’s taken up with a man old enough to be her father, which is a disgrace to her parents.
145 Consolidation Activities- Translation6Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Practice： 她的父母很不明白她为什么会和一个失业的男演员交往。 Her parents could not understand why she had taken up with an unemployed actor. 有名望有权势的男人似乎对“保姆型”的女人情有独钟，如秘书、助手和乘务员等等。 Powerful men seem to take up with the young women whose job was to tend to them and care for them in some way: their secretaries, assistants, flight attendants, etc.
146 Consolidation Activities- Translation7Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 年以来，我国经济发展迅速，相比之下，一些发达国家反而滑坡了。（witness） Since 1978, our economy has witnessed a rapid development; in contrast that of some developed countries have declined.
147 Consolidation Activities- Translation8Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Practice： 谢谢你和我分享中国的故事，我会再来中国见证她的变化。 Thanks for talking and sharing China’s story with me. I will return to China and witness all its happenings. “十一”之前我肯定能回到中国，我个人也愿意见证中国的欢腾时刻。 I am sure to come back to China before October 1st. Personally I would like to witness the important gala of China.
148 Consolidation Activities- Integrated skillsVocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Dictation Cloze
149 Consolidation Activities- Integrated skills1Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening I think / that a successful old age is easiest for those / who have strong impersonal interests / leading to suitable activities.
150 It is in these activities / that long experience is really fruitful, / and that the wisdom born of experience / can be used / without becoming a burden. /
151 It is no use telling grown-up children / not to make mistakes, / both because they will not believe you, / and because mistakes are an essential part of education.
152 / But if you are one of those / who are incapable of / impersonal interests, / you may find that your life will be empty / unless you concern yourself / with your children and grandchildren.
153 Consolidation Activities- Integrated skills2Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening In that case / you must realize / that while you can still help them / in material ways, / you must not expect / that they will enjoy your company.
154 Consolidation Activities- Integrated skills3Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded (1) in old age. One of these is too great an absorption in the past. One should not live in memories, in regrets (2) the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One’s thoughts must be directed to the (3) , and to things about which there is something to be (4) This is not always easy; one’s own past is gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think that one’s emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and one’s mind more keen. If this is true it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true. against ________ for ____ future _______ done ______
155 Consolidation Activities- Integrated skills4Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening The (5) thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope (6) finding strength in its vitality. When your children grow up they want to live (7) own lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are (8) to become a burden to them, unless they are unusually insensible. I do not mean that one should be without interest in them, but one’s interest should be considerate and, (9) possible, charitable, but not too emotional. Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after (10) , but human beings, owing to the length of infancy, find this less easy. other ______ of ___ their ______ likely ______ if __ themselves ____________
156 Consolidation Activities- Hints1Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening A preposition collocates with “guard” to mean “prevent something from happening”. Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded (1) in old age. One of these is too great an absorption in the past. One should not live in memories, in regrets (2) the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One’s thoughts must be directed to the (3) , and to things about which there is something to be (4) This is not always easy; one’s own past is gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think that one’s emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and one’s mind more keen. If this is true it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true. against ________ for ____ future _______ done ______
157 Consolidation Activities- Hints2Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening other ______ Refer to the first two sentences in Para. 1. Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded (1) in old age. One of these is too great an absorption in the past. One should not live in memories, in regrets (2) the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One’s thoughts must be directed to the (3) , and to things about which there is something to be (4) This is not always easy; one’s own past is gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think that one’s emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and one’s mind more keen. If this is true it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true. of against ________ for ____ future _______ done ______
158 Consolidation Activities- Hints3Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening other ______ A preposition is needed to collocate with “in the hope”. Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded (1) in old age. One of these is too great an absorption in the past. One should not live in memories, in regrets (2) the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One’s thoughts must be directed to the (3) , and to things about which there is something to be (4) This is not always easy; one’s own past is gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think that one’s emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and one’s mind more keen. If this is true it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true. of against ________ for ____ future _______ done ______
159 Consolidation Activities- Hints4Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening other ______ Which word can mean “probable”? fell ____ Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded (1) in old age. One of these is too great an absorption in the past. One should not live in memories, in regrets (2) the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One’s thoughts must be directed to the (3) , and to things about which there is something to be (4) This is not always easy; one’s own past is gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think that one’s emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and one’s mind more keen. If this is true it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true. of ___ against ________ for ____ future _______ done ______
160 Consolidation Activities- Oral activitiesVocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Giving a talk Having a discussion
161 Consolidation Activities- Oral activities1Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening In the text the author writes about, to the contrary of what we normally take for granted, the advantages of growing older, with the experiences of herself and her parents as examples. As a young student, you may have made some observations about the lives of your parents and grandparents. For instance, you may have found that they seem happier than younger people. Tell some stories about what they have gone through and try to explain why they seem to be contented with what life has offered them. For reference
162 Consolidation Activities- For your reference1Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 1) You may use the following words and expressions in your stories: confront, suffer from, make a choice, endure, tolerate, go through, difficulty, obstacle, hardship, painful experience, give up, hold on, insist, pursue, reward, benefit, gift, feel relieved, balance, relaxation, belief, growth, maturity, insight, positive, optimistic, accomplished, contentment
163 Consolidation Activities- For your reference2Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 2) You may express the following viewpoints in telling your stories: — When grandparents survived the war times, they cherished the “new” life in the present society and felt content. — When parents went through the difficulties such as …, they enjoyed their change from immaturity to maturity. They think the greatest benefit of being old is knowing “who I am”.
164 Consolidation Activities- Having a discussion1Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening The relationship between retired elderly people and their children is an increasingly serious problem that threatens the harmony of Chinese society. A young couple may have to take care of four parents as well as their own child. What do you think our community should do to ensure that the elderly still live a happy meaningful life in old age without putting too much burden on the younger generation? And what should the elderly people themselves do to help solve this problem? More importantly, what should we do to protect the basic fabric of our traditional society in such circumstances? Organize yourselves into groups of five or six and discuss these questions. For reference
165 Consolidation Activities- Having a discussion3Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 1. Some suggestions that our community should adopt to ease the burden which are put on the younger generation: — Improving welfare and health insurance system for elderly people. — Setting up more self-contained seniors’ homes or health facilities. — Establishing volunteers system to help elderly people.
166 Consolidation Activities- Having a discussion4Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 2. Some suggestions that the elderly people should adopt to help solve the problem: — Understanding their children’s difficulties and trying best to learn how to take care of themselves, which may help keep good health. — Developing more hobbies after retirement. For one thing, it may help them maintain a positive attitude towards life. For another, it can ease their children’s burden of looking after them.
167 Consolidation Activities- Having a discussion4Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 3. Some suggestions that people should adopt to protect the basic fabric of the traditional society in such circumstances: — Young people should show filial piety to the four parents and do not be biased and try to communicate with them and understand them more. — If possible, arrange four parents to live in the same city so that children can take care of them alternatively.
168 Consolidation Activities- Writing mainVocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Paragraph development — the topic sentence A topic sentence is a statement of the controlling idea that the rest of the paragraph clarifies, exemplifies, or supports. It is usually the most general statement of the paragraph but meanwhile specific enough so that it can be fully developed in a single paragraph. A good topic sentence promises what is to come. A good topic sentence has three characteristics: it includes a topic and a controlling idea; it is limited; and it lends itself to development.
169 Consolidation Activities- Writing1Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Practice: 1. Write a topic sentence to sum up the following details. 1) Denver, Colorado, is named for James Denver, a soldier and administrator of the Western frontier. 2) Mississippi’s capital Jackson is named after the seventh President of the United States. 3) Cleveland, Ohio’s largest city, gets its name from Moses Cleveland, a man who invested a lot of money in the area. Topic sentence: Many American cities are named after important people who are or were locally or nationally famous.
170 Consolidation Activities- Writing3Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 2. For each of the following two paragraphs, the topic sentence has been taken out. Read them carefully and work out for each paragraph a topic sentence that you think can hold all the following details together. A I constantly meet young people who’ve graduated from colleges and have signed up for teaching in some of the country’s toughest urban public schools. They are strongly interested in helping those so-called difficult kids. They find the work extraordinarily rewarding; the kids they teach benefit from their creativity and enthusiasm. But by the The problem isn’t that there’s no interest in teaching. _____________________________________________________
171 Consolidation Activities- Writing4Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening end of two years, most have either changed careers or moved to suburban schools — a consequence of low pay, a lack of support from the educational bureaucracy, and an overwhelming feeling of isolation, but never because of the lack of interest in teaching. B There’s no reason why an experienced, highly qualified, and effective teacher shouldn’t earn $100,000 annually at the peak of his or her career. Highly skilled teachers in such critical fields as math and science — as well as those willing to teach in the toughest urban schools — should be paid even more. It means paying teachers what they’re worth. ____________________________________________
172 Consolidation Activities- Listening1Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening You are going to hear a short speech on our aging society. A. 1. Listen carefully. All the words and phrases in Column A will appear in the listening material. Guess their meanings and match them with their definitions in Column B.
173 Consolidation Activities- Listening2Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Column A Column B numerous 2) preface 3) prospect 4) traumatic 5) limb 6) severed 7) lexicon 8) bode well for 9) elated 10) discard very happy or excited expectation cut off completely vocabulary very upsetting or difficult a part of the body, like an arm or leg G. introduce or begin H. many I. throw away, dispose of J. be a good sign for the future for 1) G 2) H 3) B 4) E 5) F 6) C 7) D 8) J 9) A 10) I
174 Consolidation Activities- Listening3Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 2. Complete the following sentences with proper forms of the words or phrase in Column A. These sentences will help you better understand the listening material. 1) The manager his presentation with the minutes from last meeting. 2) Because of air , we have seen some very traumatic changes in the environment. 3) There were articles in the paper on that problem. 4) They were to hear the good news. 5) His aren’t very good for getting a job because he lacks the needed skills. 6) Expanding your in this technical field will help you a great deal. prefaced ___________ traumatic ___________ numerous ___________ elated ________ prospect __________ lexicon ________
175 Consolidation Activities- Listening4Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 7) The two businesses negotiations as they couldn’t agree on any of the important issues. 8) The fish in this river are dying because local industries have been reckless in their waste materials. 9) Many artificial have been prepared. 10) These early sales figures the success of the book. severed __________ discarding ____________ limbs _______ bode well for ______________
176 Consolidation Activities- Listening5Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening B. Listen again. Complete the statements and answer the questions. 1. Statements 1) The family is a group of people related by , living together or with one another for . 2) The purpose of a family is usually to provide , and to 3) There are mainly two different kinds of views on family life: some could not do without of their families; others say it is the source of most of our blood or law ______________ associating _____________ a common purpose ____________________ shelter and ______________ ______ food bring up children ___________________ the support and love ______________________ problems and anxieties __________________________
177 Consolidation Activities- Listening5Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 4) Sociologists divide families into two general types: the family and the family. 5) The nuclear family consists of generations while the extended family may include generations. nuclear extended _________ __________ two ____ three or more ________________
178 Consolidation Activities- Listening5Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 2. Questions 1) What is the main topic of Dr. Miller’s speech? The need to reevaluate our attitudes towards senior citizens. 2) What was Dr. Miller’s purpose in sharing the story about his grandfather? To illustrate the worries of older citizens. 3) Why are the so-called “golden years” not so pleasant at times for older citizens? Because this period can mean not only the decline of one’s health but the loss of identity and a sense of self-worth.
179 Consolidation Activities- Listening5Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 4) What do you think Dr. Miller will talk about in the next part of his speech? The contributions the elderly can make to our societies. 5) Where does this speech most likely take place? At a conference center.
180 Consolidation Activities- Script2.1Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Moderator: There is no definition of a “normal” family. Broadly speaking, the family is a group of people related by blood or law, living together for a common purpose. That purpose is usually to provide shelter and food, and to bring up children. There are many different views on family life. Some people could not do without the support and love of their families. Others say it is the source of most of our problems and anxieties. Whatever the truth is, the family is definitely a powerful symbol. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you will see advertisements with happy, balanced families. Politicians often try to win
181 Consolidation Activities- Script2.2Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening votes by standing for “family values”: respect for parental authority, stability in marriage, chastity and care for the elderly. Sociologists divide families into two general types: the nuclear family and the extended family. The nuclear family usually consists of two parents and one or two children while the extended family may include three or more generations living together. Conflicts among generations in extended families sometimes can be extremely penetrating. How to take care of the older generation has become a very knotty problem.
182 Consolidation Activities- Script2.3Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Ladies and Gentleman, it gives me great pleasure to introduce our guest speaker today, Dr. Howard Miller. Dr. Miller, Professor of Sociology at Washington University, has written numerous articles and books on the problems facing older Americans in our graying society for the past 15 years. Dr. Miller.
183 Consolidation Activities- Script2.4Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Dr. Miller: Thank you for that introduction. Today, I’d like to preface my remarks with a story from my own life, which I feel highlights our common concerns that bring us here together. Several years ago when my grandparents were well into their eighties, they were faced with the reality of no longer being able to adequately care for themselves. My grandfather spoke of his greatest fear, that of leaving the only home they had known for the past 60 years. Fighting back the tears, he spoke proudly of the fact that he had built their home from the ground up, and that he had pounded every nail and laid every brick in the process.
184 Consolidation Activities- Script2.5Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening The prospect of having to sell their home and give up their independence, and move into a retirement home was an extremely traumatic experience for them. It was, in my grandfather’s own words, like having a limb severed off. He was quite emphatic exclaiming that he felt he wasn’t important anymore. For them and some older Americans, their so-called “golden years” are at times not so pleasant, for this period can mean not only the decline of one’s health but the loss of identity and self-worth. In many societies, this self-identity is closely related with our social status, occupation, material possessions, or independence.
185 Consolidation Activities- Script2.1Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Furthermore, we often live in societies that value what is “new” or in fashion, and our own usage of lexicon in the English language often does not bode well for older citizens. I mean how would your family react if you came home tonight elated, exclaiming, “Hey, come to the living room and see the OLD black and white TV I brought!” Unfortunately, the word “old” calls up images of the need to replace or discard. Now, many of the lectures given at this conference have focused on pension reform, medical care, and the development of public facilities for senior citizens. And while these are important problems that must be dealt with, I’d like to focus my comments on an underlying issue
186 Consolidation Activities- Script2.2Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening that will affect the overall success of the other programs mentioned. This has to do with reevaluating our views on what it means to be a part of this group, and finding meaningful roles the elderly can and should play in our societies. First of all, I’d talk about ...
187 Section Five Further EnhancementText II Memorable quotes Lead-in questions Text Questions for discussion
188 Lead-in questions Text II Memorable quotes 1. Do you find it more pleasurable to be with the people of similar age? Why or why not? 2. What do you think about living with your grandparents?
189 Text1 Closing the Gap Mary PipherText II Memorable quotes Closing the Gap Mary Pipher Until late this century, we spent time with people of all generations. Now many baby boomers may not have much contact with old folk until they’re relatively old themselves. That’s because we group people by age. We put our three-year-olds in day-care centers, our 13-year-olds in schools and sports activities, and our 80-year-olds in senior-citizen homes. Why? 1 2
190 Text2 Text II Memorable quotes We segregate the old for many reasons: prejudice, ignorance, a lack of good alternatives. Younger people sometimes avoid the old to evade fears of ageing and dying. Death is easier to bear in the abstract. It’s much harder to watch someone we love fade before our eyes. Sometimes it’s so hard that we stay away from the people who need us most. But there are problems with the age-segregation experiment. Ten 14-year-olds grouped together will form a Lord of the Flies culture — competitive and mean. But ten people aged 2 to 80 grouped together will fall into a natural age hierarchy that nurtures and teaches them all. For our own mental and social health, we need to reconnect the age groups. 3 4
191 Text3 Text II Memorable quotes Fortunately, some of us have found our way to the old. And we have discovered that they often save the young. A reporter moved her family into a block filled with old people. At first her children were disappointed. But the reporter baked banana bread for the neighbors and had her children deliver it and visit. Soon the children had many new friends, with whom they shared food, stories and projects. “My children have never been less lonely,” the reporter said. 5 6
192 Text4 The young, in turn, save the old. Once I was in a 7Text II Memorable quotes The young, in turn, save the old. Once I was in a rest home when a visitor showed up with a baby. She was immediately surrounded. People who hadn’t got out of bed in a week were suddenly ringing for a wheelchair. Even those who had seemed comatose woke up to watch the child. Babies have an amazing power to comfort and heal. Grandparents are a special case. They give grandchildren a feeling of security and continuity. As my husband put it, “My grandparents gave me a deep sense that things would turn out right in the end.” Grandchildren speak of attention they don’t get from harried parents. “My parents were always telling me to hurry up, and my grandparents told me to slow down,” one friend said. 7 8
193 Text5 Text II Memorable quotes A teacher told me she can tell which kids have relationships with grandparents: they are quieter, calmer, more trusting. There was an artist I’ll call Mauve who sought truth far from home in ashrams and workshops. Just as Mauve was leaving for Europe one summer, her grandmother fell ill, and the family asked Mauve to care for her. She protested, but there was no one else. Mauve moved in with her grandmother for six months — handling her medical needs, cooking for her and bathing her — until she died. For the first time in Mauve’s life, her concern for another person became as great as her concern for herself. The experience changed her life more than her therapy and gurus. 9
194 Text6 Text II Memorable quotes My life is richer, too, because of the time that I’ve spent with my elders. Over the past three years I’ve interviewed my five aunts, listened to family stories, looked at photos and eaten home-cooked meals. As a result I better understand my own parents and our history. I’ve also learned the art of ageing. I’ve come away feeling more accepting, more grateful. And I have witnessed the incredible calculus of old age: as more is taken there is more love for what remains. To learn from the old, we must love them — not just in the abstract but in the flesh beside us in our homes, businesses and churches. We must work together to build the kinds of communities that allow us to care for one another. 10 11
195 Text1 – About the author Text II Memorable quotes About the author: Mary Pipher is a clinical psychologist and an adjunct clinical professor at the University of Nebraska. Her special area of interest is how American culture affects the mental health of its people. She travels the country, sharing her ideas with community groups, schools and healthcare professionals. Her articulate and energetic delivery creates enthusiasm in a way that unites her audiences.
196 Text2 – a Lord of Flies cultureText II Memorable quotes a Lord of the Flies culture: Lord of the Flies (1954) is the first novel of William Gerald Golding (1911–1993), a prominent English writer, essayist and poet, and winner of the 1983 Nobel Prize for Literature. The book introduces one of the recurrent themes of his fiction — the conflict between humanity’s innate barbarism and the civilizing influence of reason. It describes in detail the horrific exploits of a band of young children who make a striking transition from civilized to barbaric. Lord of the Flies commands a pessimistic outlook that seems to show that man is inherently tied to society and without it, we would likely return to savagery.
197 Text3 –My children … Text II Memorable quotes My children have never been less lonely. : My children have never enjoyed so much company of the people in the neighborhood.
198 Text4– rest home Text II Memorable quotes rest home: a residential institution where old or frail people are cared for
199 Text4– I have witnessed Text II Memorable quotes I have witnessed the incredible calculus of old age: I have seen with my own eyes how old age performs an amazing trick that appears contrary to the normal rules of mathematics.
200 Text5- as more is taken Text II Memorable quotes as more is taken there is more love for what remains: as the greater part is spent, more love there is for the rest of it. In other words, the older one is, the more love there is for the remaining part of his life.
201 Questions for discussion1Text II Memorable quotes 1. Do you believe in the reconnection of age groups? Explain your opinion. No, I don’t. This can be easily seen from the history of our society. The generation gap has always been there. This, of course, does not mean that we cannot narrow the gap through education.
202 Questions for discussion2Text II Memorable quotes 2. Do you think senior-citizen homes are a good place for the aged? Why / Why not? Senior-citizen homes may not be a good place for the aged, but this is probably the only way out in our society today since young couples are finding it increasingly difficult to take care of their parents and parents-in-law because they have their own work to do and their own children to care for. 3. Can you tell something from your memory about your grandparents? Open.
203 Memorable Quotes1 Text II Memorable quotes Read the following quotes and find out what the two have in common regarding old age. 1. At 20 years of age the will reigns, at 30 the wit; at 40 the judgment. — Benjamin Franklin We do what we wish for at the age of 20; we use our intelligence at 30; we establish our own opinions and make judgment at 40.
204 Memorable Quotes3 Text II Memorable quotes 2. Old wood best to burn, old wine to drink, old friends to trust, and old authors to read. — Quoted by Francis Bacon Age appears best in four things: the thoroughly dried-out wood burns best compared with new and green one; fine wine gets better as it matures; old friends are trustable, and the classics of literature read better.
205 Questions for discussion1Text II Memorable quotes Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the U.S., a leading author, scientist, inventor, statesman, and diplomat.
206 Questions for discussion2Text II Memorable quotes Francis Bacon (1561–1626) was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, and author.
207 Notation type here