1 US History Unit 1- Section 1European Colonization of North America Coach C
2 French Quebec After the Spanish had success with their own N.A. colonies the French wanted to replicate French took the Northwest passage (Greenland, Iceland, Canada) and settled in what is modern day Canada They established a very successful fur trade Pelts were sold for BIG money Almost all clothing of luxury/ warmth made from pelts of foxes, bears, beavers etc.
3 French Quebec II French could not afford to anger local Native Americans as they needed their skill for trapping wild animals. French had good relations with Native Americans
4 England’s Southern ColoniesColonies made possible by Joint Stock Companies joint stock company funds business by pooling the resources of multiple investors, limit risk. The Virginia Company = first successful English joint stock company (1607) Settled in Chesapeake Bay rather than “Southern” Virginia. Chesapeake offered more navigable rivers and more fertile soil.
5 Native Americans in Chesapeake30 diff. tribes called Chesapeake Bay area home (roughly 24k Indians) Tribes united by extremely powerful Chief Powhatan. in 60’s at time of settlement Powhatan hoped to contain English and align them against his inland enemies. Valued trade for weapons
6 Jamestown English settlers established second colony “Jamestown” in 1607. Surrounding swamps bred mosquitoes which led to disease. Only 20% of population lived to 1622 Despite this Jamestown was first “successful” colony
7 Indian Conflict In 1609 war broke out b/w Indians and starving colonists Provoked by Capt. John Smith whom led settlers to conquer “improve” ancestral Native American lands Colonists captured Powhatan’s favorite daughter Pocahontas. Converted to Christianity Married John Rolfe
8 Jamestown Failing By 1616 Virginia Co. had spent 50,000 poundsAlmost no profits Settlement nearly collapsed Settlers unhappy
9 Tobacco Saves Virginia Co.At this time Virginia Co. allowed employees to own land and farm Tobacco as private property. Ownership inspired them to work harder Beans, squash and corn fed farmers Tobacco served as “Cash Crop” Cash Crop- refers to a crop which spurs on economic development of other crops/ actions
10 Attraction of Free LandUnder headwright system Virginia Co. offered 50 acres of private land to anyone who paid for passage to N.A. (for themselves or another) As a result rich colonists formed plantations Population of Va. boomed in this time
11 Rich Colonists Start PlantationsHired indentured servants to work farms Indentured servants worked plantations until debt of passage was paid Laid roots of slavery in America Servants came for a “new life”
12 House of Burgesses Virginia Co. allowed political reform.In 1619 planters created House of Burgesses Landowners over 17 allowed to vote for 2 representatives from each settlement. H.O.B. was allowed to make rulings on Taxes Make laws Laid roots of representative gov’t in colonies
13 William Berkley As Virginia’s pop. grew the farmers moved farther inland. The sitting Governor on Virginia (William Berkley) made it difficult for these settlers to make a living by raising taxes. He then used taxes to reward (bribe) popular H.O.B. officials
14 William Berkley II Life under Berkley was difficult for settlers as Berkley viewed them as “less than” "I thank God, we have not free schools nor printing; and I hope we shall not have these hundred years. For learning has brought disobedience, and heresy and sects into the world; and printing has divulged them and libels against the government. God keep us from both!” – William Berkley 1671
15 Bacon’s Rebellion
16 Bacon’s Rebellion In 1675 war again broke out b/w settlers and the native Indians in the area. Sir Berkley proved to be an indecisive leader in this time of crisis. As a result Berkley’s indifference settlers rebelled and united behind Nathaniel Bacon
17 Bacon’s Rebellion II During Bacon’s rebellion the settlers slaughtered the opposing Indians, both hostile and peaceful. They then set fire to Jamestown and ran Berkley out of the city A month later Nathaniel Bacon died of a sudden sickness Bacon’s rebellion proved settlers would not tolerate corrupt leaders
18 The Southern Colonies The Southern Colonies included: MarylandVirginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia
19 Maryland Founded in 1632 Named to honor Queen Mary.Maryland given to a fav. aristocrat of King Charles- Lord Baltimore.
20 Maryland II Baltimore established MD as refuge for Catholics; discriminated against in England by Protestant majority Contrary to hopes, Protestants outnumbered Catholics in the new colony Eventually led to conflict
21 The Carolinas Established in 1670 Honors King Charles IIOriginally encompassed both NC and SC Given to “The Lords Proprietor” Group of wealthy aristocrats Colonies split in 1691 In 1729 the people rejected aristocrats and Governors were appointed
22 Georgia In 1732 Georgia began as buffer b/w Carolinas and Spanish controlled Florida. Founded by James Oglethorpe Intended GA to be safe haven for English debtors However most of orig. colonists were: English traders Religious refugees from Switzerland and Germany Oglethorpe prohibited slave, alcohol and indentured servitude until Crown takeover in 1752.
23 Establishment of New EnglandMost NE settlers were religious dissenters Known as Puritans Wanted to purify Anglican Church and make it only legal church in region While some Puritans wished to purify Anglican church others known as “Separatists” started new churches entirely
24 Puritans (Pilgrims) Arrive in Mass.In 1620 first Puritan immigrants crossed Atlantic in the Mayflower to found Plymouth Before journey group of 100 Puritans agreed upon the Mayflower Compact Mayflower compact was set of laws the group vowed to live by Set the precedent for self government in U.S.
25 Massachusetts Bay ColonyIn 1630 John Winthrop led a larger group of Puritans to America with the intent to make their new colony “A City Upon A Hill” The “city on the hill” was meant to be an example of how men could rightly under God. Their first city was Boston Eventually sprawled into the 4 New England colonies: Massachusetts Maine New Hampshire Rhode Island
26 Rhode Island Due to high religious tensions between Anglicans and Puritans Rhode Island was founded as a haven for extreme Puritans Did not wish to have religious tolerance
27 Roger Williams The Puritans of Rhode Island were so extreme that they banished Roger Williams whom was one of their own. Williams believed Puritans had no right to take rather than pay for lands which belonged to Native Americans He went on to settle his own town of Providence, Rhode Island. Settled on lands bought fairly from Native Americans
28 Salem Witch Trials The punishment of religious dissenters in New England was so fervent it culminated in the Salem Witch Trials in Salem, Mass. 19 “Witches” were executed before trails were ceased Paranoia and ill will between neighbors led to hysteria She turned me into a NEWT!
30 The Pequot War The Pequot War matched Puritans and Pequot rivals against the Pequot Indian Nation. After several skirmishes Puritans eventually burned a Pequot Village filled with women and children. This annihilated the Pequot Nation and survivors sought refuge with other tribes The Treaty of Hartford ended the conflict in 1638
31 The Pequot War II The devastation the Puritan’s inflicted all but finished the rebellion of New England native Americans Fort Wilderness
32 Praying Towns After the Pequot War Puritans tried to convert Indians to Christianity. Pressured Indians to live in “praying towns” Forced Indians to abandon traditional ways Used Indian concentration in towns to seize lands that had been abandoned Basically religious internment camps
33 King Phillip’s War In 1675 a massive Indian rebellion eruptedPuritans assumed it was coordinated by a powerful Indian chief Metacom Indians fought back with guns they traded for. 1000 colonists died, 3000 Indians died
34 King Phillip’s War II As a result of their loss in the war the Indians lost almost all remaining land in southern New England By 1700 colonists outnumbered Indians 92k to 9,000