1 Wealth from waste: Recycling Projects By: F. Heidarizadeh Nov. 2017 1 Fariba Heidarizadeh

2 2

3 Advantages of Recycling 3 Fariba Heidarizadeh

4 Prevent the waste of potentially useful materials, Reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, Reduce energy usage, Reduce air pollution (from incineration), Reduce water pollution (from landfilling). Recycling can: 4 Fariba Heidarizadeh

5 Disadvantages of Recycling 5 Fariba Heidarizadeh

6 Recycling is not always cost- effective, Recycling sites are sometimes unhygienic, unsafe and unsightly, Products from recycled waste may not be durable, Although recycling plays a bigger role in reducing the rate of pollution, the process has not been widely embraced and developed, Educating residents by organizing seminars and other programs etc, Disadvantages: 6 Fariba Heidarizadeh

7 7

8  According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), a t hird of the total weight of edible parts of food produced for human consumption is lost or wasted. 8 Fariba Heidarizadeh

9 The biodegradable wastes originating from various branches of the food industry can be divided in two main groups and seven subcategories: 1. Plant origin: a. CerealsSlide 17Slide 17 b. Root and tubersSlide 49Slide 49 c. Oil crops and pulsesSlide 68Slide 68 d. Fruit and vegetablesSlide 65Slide 65 2. Animal origin: a. Meat productsSlide 96Slide 96 b. Fish and seafoodSlide 109Slide 109 c. Dairy productsproducts 9 Fariba Heidarizadeh

10 a. Cereals 10 Fariba Heidarizadeh

11 11 Do you believe it or not? We can make more than 100 products from rice bran and husk. Fariba Heidarizadeh

12 Cereals and respective derivatives are an important source of: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, mainly of B-complex and vitamin E, inorganic and trace elements. They are known to process a broad range of phytochemicals not only with well- established beneficial effects to human health but also antinutritional factors like phytic acid. 12 Fariba Heidarizadeh

13 WHEAT STRAW Wheat straw consists mainly of: cellulose (28–39%), hemicelluloses (23–24%), lignin (16–25%), and fewer contents of ash and protein. Among the several hemicelluloses, xylans have been found to contribute to lowering blood cholesterol, decreasing the postprandial glucose and insulin responses, as well as exhibiting antitumor effects. 13 Fariba Heidarizadeh

14 14 Fariba Heidarizadeh

15 15 Fariba Heidarizadeh

16 The xylan fragment of hemicellulose found in cereal wastes (straw, corn cob) can be further exploited for the production of xylooligosaccharides (XOs). XOs are value-added oligosaccharides with a functional role as prebiotics. They are indigestible and maintain gastrointestinal health. 16 Fariba Heidarizadeh

17 Prebiotics is a general term to refer to chemicals that induce the growth or activity of microorganisms (e.g., bacteria and fungi) that contribute to the well-being of their host. xylan 17 Fariba Heidarizadeh

18 18 Fariba Heidarizadeh

19 19 Fariba Heidarizadeh

20 Ferulic acid (FA) is one of the most powerful natural anti-oxidants. Ferulic Acid has been demonstrated to be an anti-oxidant extender, for many of the other anti-oxidants. In particular, the combination of Vitamin C and E were shown to double their photo-protective capacity on the skin. Besides anti-oxidation, FA exhibits a wide variety of biological activities: anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-allergic, anti-thrombotic, increase sperm viability, antiviral and vasodilatory actions, metal chelation, modulation of enzyme activity, activation of transcriptional factors, gene expression, and signal transduction. 20 Fariba Heidarizadeh

21 21 Fariba Heidarizadeh

22 22 Fariba Heidarizadeh

23 Protein Energizer, Chocolate is a delicious, low-fat low-carb rice protein shake with no soy, dairy or sugar! 100% hypoallergenic and completely vegetarian, this easy-to-digest shake features 15 grams of rice protein per serving, delivering a complete amino acid profile, plus 3 grams of fiber and only 4 grams of carbohydrate. Includes a blend of adaptogenic herbs that increase stamina, mental alertness and work performance without the use of stimulants like caffeine or ephedra. 23 Fariba Heidarizadeh

24 24 Fariba Heidarizadeh

25 25 Fariba Heidarizadeh

26 Making paper from agricultural waste Protects forests: While 5 tons of wood are needed to produce 1 ton of pulp for paper, only 1.5 tons of straw are needed to produce the same amount. For example, Canadian Geographic estimated that Canada’s wheat harvest alone could produce 8 million tons of straw-pulp annually, which could save 100 million trees each year. 26 Fariba Heidarizadeh

27 Fewer toxic chemicals: Agricultural crops are easier to turn into pulp than wood is, and consequently, they require smaller quantities of toxic solvents to turn them into pulp for paper-making. Renewable and sustainable: Unlike virgin forests, which are endangered by human “harvesting,” agricultural waste will be readily available as long as humanity engages in agriculture. 27 Fariba Heidarizadeh

28 Less energy: Heavy-duty industrial processes are required to turn wood into paper. A wood pulp mill costs 5 times as much as a straw pulp plant, and it uses 10 times the energy. New revenue for farmers: Directing agricultural waste into paper manufacturing provides an additional income stream for farmers, without impacting food production or increasing energy inputs, and without putting new land into production. 28 Fariba Heidarizadeh

29 Local paper manufacturing: Paper made from wood fiber requires larger manufacturing facilities than paper made from agricultural waste. Consequently, increasing reliance on agricultural inputs allows for greater decentralization in the paper manufacturing industry, which allows in turn for reductions in transportation costs and energy consumption. 29 Fariba Heidarizadeh

30 The constituents of rice bran: Lipids (at a concentration of 15–22% that allows the economic viable Extraction of bran oil after stabilization) carbohydrates, fiber, ash, moisture, and 10–16% highly nutritional protein (in bakery products and breakfast cereals, and as binder ingredient for meats and sausages). Prior to food use, bran is stabilized to inactivate the antinutrients including lipases, trypsin inhibitors, hemagglutinin–lectins, and phytates. 30 Fariba Heidarizadeh

31 31 Fariba Heidarizadeh

32 32 Rice husk (hull) Fariba Heidarizadeh

33 Rice bran is also a rich source of steryl ferulate esters, referred to as oryzanols. Siriamornpun indicated that rice husk is a valuable source of antioxidants like phenolic acids. Additionally, rice bran is a potential source of tocopherols, tocotrienols, and phenolic compounds. 33 Fariba Heidarizadeh

34 Full of Vitamin E and many other antioxidants. lightweight oil absorbs quickly into the skin Excellent for all modalities. 8oz. 34 Fariba Heidarizadeh

35 35 Fariba Heidarizadeh

36 36 Fariba Heidarizadeh

37 37 Fariba Heidarizadeh

38 38 Fariba Heidarizadeh

39 Rice bran oil is extracted from the hard outer shell (bran) of brown rice. It has a mild flavor and a high smoke point of 490 ºF making it perfect for very high temperature applications, such as deep frying. It also works beautifully on salad dressings, sauces and marinades. This rice bran oil is mechanically refined, thereby retaining important vitamins and nutrients. It provides a healthy balance of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, and is an abundant source of gamma oryzanol, a key natural antioxidant. It is one of the most popular cooking oils in Asia and can be used to satisfy your daily culinary needs. 39 Fariba Heidarizadeh

40 40 Fariba Heidarizadeh

41 41 Fariba Heidarizadeh

42 PlantFusion Lean Protein is a clinically tested plant-based weight loss shake designed to be a simple, delicious drink to help you achieve your health goals. Each serving includes 21g of proprietary protein to curb hunger and 20 different superfoods to sustain energy to support your busy lifestyle. 42 Fariba Heidarizadeh