1 West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture Łukasz Lewaszkiewicz, Andrzej Grieger The organization of work at the machine logging in assortment II Scientific Conference with International Participation THEORY AND PRACTICE IN AGRICULTURE Yundola November 2013
2 1. Material and methods 2. Results 3. Conclusions 4. Bibliography
3 1. Material and methods Assortment of wood – Type of wood meets the quality standards. Assortment of wood is defined for the sort carried out in accordance with the technical standards. In addition to standards for wood defect, distribution, symbols and measurment have arisen five standard: PN-92/D Lumber. Big softwood, PN-92/D Lumber. Big hardwood, PN-91/D Lumber. Average dimensional, PN-91/D Lumber. Small sized, PN-91/D Friable wood.
4 The primary criterion for the distribution of wood is quality-dimensional classification KJW:short wood system, lenght wood system, full tree system, short tree system, friable wood system.
5 The standard for medium sized wood contains the same requirements for species of deciduous and coniferous. The SWS is typical for machine technology. This system is not everywhere equally understood. In Poland, it is believed that the basic features of the system it: total wood processing at the stump, cut wood, measurement of timber on the stump.
6 The number of multi-tasking machines continues to growThe number of multi-tasking machines continues to grow. Figure 1 shows the number of machines in 2010 year. Figure 1. Number of machines in the Polish forest in Fountain: Directorate General of State Forest 2012
7 The observation were carried out in the district Barlinek RDLP Szczecin. Work took place in the SWS. A detailed list of technical parameters of machine presented in table 1. Work took place in pine stand. Work shame in thinning IIIa shown in the figure 2. Table 1. Machine parameters Parameters Harvester: Valmet 931 Forwarder: Komatsu 890.3 Mass [t] 19,4 19,1 Crane reach [m] 10 Width [m] 2,6 2,9 Quantity of tires 6 8
8 Figure 2. Technologiical parameters of the trail. Fountain: Laurow 1999
9 2. Results The forestry work have led to the damage of trees. Research which we led pertain parameters presented in table 2. I would like to show only the resulting damage to De. Figure 3 and 4 shows which machine caused damage.
10 Parameters Trees with wound tissue wood - DdTable 2. Damage to anthropogenic Parameters Trees with wound tissue wood - Dd Trees with one low wounds ≤ 0,1m – D0,1 Trees with wounds > 100 cm2 – D100 Trees with more than one span wounds – D0,125 Damage to white – De Injuries shots - Ds Trees with wounds < 100 cm2 - D90 Trees with average wounds from 0,1 to 4,1m – D0,2 Trees with wounds more than 4,1 m high – D0,3 Damage to the soil - Dg Damage to low plant - Dr Wounds branches - Dz Wounds roots - Dk
11 Figure 3. Harvester. Fountain: Picture to call my own
12 Figure 4. Forwarder. Fountain: Picture to call my own
13 Figure 5 shows the damage determines the quality of the raw materialFigure 5 shows the damage determines the quality of the raw material. We could see on this figure the wound exposing the pith. Figure 5. Type of damage De. Fountain: Picture to call my own
14 Figure 6. Number of wounds De using machines
15 3. Conclusions The machines were the cause of the damage to trees. Harvester resulted in a 37,5 % damage more than forwarder. Machine parameters, weather conditions and predispositions operators were comparable. Both harvester and forwarder time on the trails. Harvester caused more damage because maneuvers performed more than forwarder. Harvester encountered more obstacles than forwarder. The trees limited visibility for the operator.
16 4. Bibliography Bernadzki E. 2005: Naturalne odnowienie lasu. Wydawnictwo PWRiL, Warszawa. Broda J. 2007: Dzieje najnowsze leśnictwa w Polsce. Wydawnictwo PTL, Warszawa. Brzózko J. , Skarżyński J. 2009: Wysokowydajne maszyny do pozyskiwania drewna. Drwal, nr 1, s. 32 – 33 Dvořák J., Karnet P., 2007: Preliminary Technical Time Standards for Harvesters Working in Premature and Mature Stands. Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities, 10(1) Gendek A. 2004: Nowości w leśnych maszynach do pozyskiwania drewna. Technika Rolnicza i Leśna, nr 8, s Grzywiński W. 2009: Praca operatora harwestera. Drwal, nr 1, s Hys E. 2004: Nowe modele maszyn do pozyskiwania drewna. Technika Rolnicza i Leśna, nr 1, s Jajor R. 2008: Test harwestera w Beskidach. Drwal, nr 2, s. 24 Kajzar O., 2008: Práce operátora těžebně dopravních strojů. Lesnická práce, 87(3) Kuniewska – Kaucz M. 2006: Las – środowisko żywe. Wydawnictwo Rolnicze i Leśne Wrocław. Kusiak W. 2008: Liczba harwesterów w Polsce. Drwal, nr 9, s Lisowski A. (red.) 2007: Problemy Techniki Rolniczej i Leśnej. Wydawnictwo SGGW, Warszawa. Suwała M. 2005: Pozyskiwanie drewna w drzewostanach sosnowych w rębni gniazdowej. Technika Rolnicza i Leśna, nr 12, s Więsik J. , Nurek T. 2005b: Badania procesu pozyskiwania drewna harwesterem na zrębie zupełnym. Technika Rolnicza i Leśna, nr 11, s Zychowicz W. , Aniszewska M. , Wójcik K. 2007: Technika i technologia w leśnictwie polskim. SGGW, Warszawa.
17 Thank you for your attention