1 World War II Domain 4 Part III

3 Challenges to FDR’s Foreign PolicyGermany attacks! (led by Adolf Hitler) Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, France Italy attacks! (led by Benito Mussolini) Ethiopia (eastern Africa) Japan attacks! (led by Hideki Tojo) China (Manchurian peninsula) FDR believed American should help its allies, prevent totalitarian dictators from spreading their influence NEUTRALITY ACTS OUTLAWED American sales of arms to nations at war (isolationism) Why would America want to stay neutral? 19

4 The Axis Japan Tojo Germany Hitler Japan Hirohito Italy Mussolini 19

5 The Allies United States FDR Soviet Union Great Britain StalinChurchill 19

6 Isn’t there an international group to prevent this kind of aggression?

7 Lend-Lease Act 1941: Congress passes law to cancel the old “cash & carry” policy and strengthen the “arsenal of democracy” by SENDING WEAPONS to “any country whose defense was vital to the United States” $50 billion worth of weapons FDR’s Atlantic Charter agreement goes a step further to create the “ALLIES” (US & Britain) How neutral does America look now? 19c

8 Lend-Lease Act 19c

9 Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 2,403 killed; 1,178 injuredMuch of US Pacific navy fleet destroyed FDR calls it “a date which will live in infamy” 94% of Americans had been isolationists before the attack in Hawaii After the attack, America changed its mind FDR DECLARES WAR ON JAPAN (but has to help Britain with Germany first) What does December 7th have in common with September 11th? 19b

10 Pearl Harbor 19b

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17 U.S.S. Arizona 19b

18 Mobilization for WWII 5 million American volunteerAnother 10 million drafted (Selective Service) 18 million working in war industries Less than 25% hired African Americans Weekly paychecks rose 35% Unemployment falls to 1.2% What did joining World War II do to the Great Depression, if unemployment dropped from 25% to 1.2%? 19d

19 19d

20 Rationing Office of Price Administration (OPA) set limits on prices, keeping them manageable (slow down the inflation!) OPA also set up a system where households received rationing coupons (c-books) to be used for buying such scarce goods as meat, shoes, sugar, coffee, and gasoline. Why would it be important to RATION things like sugar and gasoline during war? 19d

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22 War-time Conversion War Production Board (WPB) said which industries would switch to wartime production Mechanical pencils turned out bomb parts Bedspread maker made mosquito netting. Soft-drink company started filling explosives. WPB also set a list of conserved materials Iron, tin, paper, cooking fat What may have Henry Ford’s company converted to during World War II? 19d

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24 A. Philip Randolph July 1, 1944 Randolph called for African Americans to march at Washington DC under this banner: “We Loyal Colored Americans Demand the Right to Work and Fight for Our Country.” FDR backed down and issued an executive order making discrimination in defense industrial hiring illegal Who does A. Philip Randolph remind you of? Frederick Douglass? WEB DuBois? Martin Luther King, Jr.? 19a

25 A. Philip Randolph Eleanor Roosevelt 19a

26 Japanese-American InternmentIn 1942, FDR ordered removal of 110,000 Japanese-Americans to “relocation centers” (prison camp) 2/3 were Nisei (born in US) $400 million in possessions lost Should this be illegal? Why or Why not? In 1944, the Supreme Court said the camps were legal in the name of military necessity Korematsu v. United States 19b

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28 Women in War Industries6 million women come to work (35% of work force) in order to keep the economy running And women in war! WAAC (Women’s Auxiliary Army Commission) never in combat positions How have women’s roles and expectations evolved from (a) World War I, (b) the Roaring Twenties, (c) The Great Depression, and now (d) World War II? 19d

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30 Who is Theodore Geisel? A clue… I would not like them here or there.I would not like them anywhere. I do not like green eggs and ham. I do not like them Sam I Am. - Dr. Seuss (T. Geisel) During World War II, Dr. Seuss was an active cartoonist/propagandist in support of the war.

31 Germany was building an empire in Europe

32 The US wanted to stay out of ww2 ISOLATIONISM

33 The US is all talk, no action! NEUTRALITY ACTS

34 If we don’t do something soon, Germany & Japan will come here and take over Buy BONDS to help support the war effort

35 The Lend-Lease Act was starting to get the US involved …but not all the way

36 The attacks at Pearl Harbor finally woke America up from its isolationist “nap”

37 War Mobilization Get involved!

38 Rationing

39 Japanese-Americans weren’t be trusted Internment Camps are necessary

40 Wartime Conversion of Industry

41 Racist Industrial hiring practices A. Philip Randolph

42 Describe the fight to win World War II.Who were the two main nations the US fought against in WWII? Where are these nations located? How might their locations make this a tough war to fight?

43 D-Day June 6, 1944 General Dwight D. Eisenhower planned a major attack from Britain to the northern beaches of France Operation Overlord will be the largest land-sea-air operation in army history! Seven days of fighting along an 80mile coast marked the beginning of the Allied victory in Europe Where else have you heard that name (Eisenhower) before? 19c

44 D-Day 19c

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47 D-Day Invasion 19c

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49 WWII Trenches

51 WWII Weapons

52 The Fall of Berlin Hitler’s last desperate attempt fell short at the Battle of the Bulge Allies began to liberate the death camps of the Holocaust Then the Soviet army stormed Berlin Rather than surrender his capital city, Hitler committed suicide ALLIES CELEBRATE V-E DAY (Victory in Europe) May 8, 1945 Hitler & Germany have been defeated, is the war over now? 19c

53 Fall of Berlin 19c

54 Celebration in Times SquareVE Day! May 8, 1945

55 Battle of Midway The TURNING POINT battle in the Pacific stops the growth of the Japanese sea empire Huge morale boost for Americans Opens the Allied strategy of “island hopping” toward Japan What battle in Europe does this compare to? Led to victories at Guadalcanal, Leyte Gulf, Iwo Jima, Okinawa 19c

56 Battle of Midway 19c

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60 Surrender finally comesThe Atomic Bomb The MANHATTAN PROJECT TOP SECRET project led by J. Robert Oppenheimer to develop an atomic bomb in LOS ALAMOS, New Mexico Hiroshima (August 6, 1945) Nagasaki (August 9, 1945) Surrender finally comes Why drop these bombs? 19e

61 Nagasaki Hiroshima 19e

62 Economic & Political Implications of Dropping the Atomic BombGeneral Douglas MacArthur leads US occupation and reconstruction of Japan Nuclear Power could also be used for new domestic technologies Soviet Union was deeply offended we didn’t tell them about the atomic bomb testing Couldn’t we trust them? Were we trying to send a message of strength to them? President Harry S. Truman’s war reputation is emboldened as America celebrates V-J Day (Victory of Japan) Wait a second, where did President Truman come from? I thought FDR was the president that took us into WWII… 19e

63 V-J Day! August 15, 1945

64 WWII QUIZ What was the name of the acts passed by Congress to try to prevent US involvement in WWII? What was the name of the act of Congress that showed we were ready to be the “arsenal of democracy”? What happened on December 7, 1941? What happened on June 6, 1944? What is the turning point battle in the Pacific Ocean? What is the name of the largest land-sea-air invasion in WWII? What is the name of the US general in charge of operation overlord? What is the name of the US general in charge of the fighting against Japan? What are two reasons for dropping the atomic bombs on Japan? What are the two cities in Japan where the US used atomic bombs?